Fuel tank on a 1924 Francis-Barnett motorcycle | |
Industry | Motorcycle |
---|---|
Founded | 1919 |
Founders | Gordon Francis; Arthur Barnett |
Defunct | 1966 |
Fate | liquidated |
Headquarters | , UK |
Parent | from 1947: Associated Motor Cycles |
Francis & Barnett Limited was an English motorcycle manufacturer from 1919 to 1966. Gordon Inglesby Francis and Arthur Barnett founded the company, which was based in Lower Ford Street, Coventry, until 1962. In 1947, Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) took over Francis-Barnett. In 1957, AMC merged Francis-Barnett with James in Birmingham; and in 1962, Francis-Barnett production moved to the James factory. In 1966 Manganese Bronze Holdings took over AMC, and terminated production of both Francis-Barnett and James.
Francis-Barnett motorcycles were nicknamed "Franny B" or "Fanny B". They were built with small engines, up to 350 cc (21 cu in), for affordable private transport and for use in motorcycle sport. Most Francis-Barnett motorcycles were built with Villiers two-stroke engines, until in 1959 AMC introduced its own range of single-cylinder two-stroke engines, made in-house, for both Francis-Barnett and James motorcycles.
Richard Henry Lea and Graham Francis founded the Lea-Francis bicycle and motorcycle company in Coventry in 1895. [1] Graham Francis' son Gordon started his career in the workshop of Bayliss Thomas and Company Limited in Lower Ford Street, Coventry, who made Excelsior motorcycles. He got married to the daughter of one of his colleagues at Bayliss Thomas, Arthur Barnett, who later founded his own company, Invicta motorcycles. [2]
In 1919, Gordon Francis and Arthur Barnett went into partnership to make motorcycles together. The first Francis-Barnett models were little more than re-badged Invicta motor cycles. [3] In the 1920s Francis-Barnett made supple sheet metal work and pressings for the motor industry that proved successful. By 1947, Francis-Barnett had taken over Clarendon Pressings and Welding Company Limited. In 1948 output was increased, and industrial trolleys and pressed fabricated parts for the motor industry were made. [4] [5] Photographs and story of Clarendon Pressings and Welding Company, in Clarendon Street, Earlsdon, Coventry. [6]
The first new Francis–Barnett motorcycle had a J.A.P. 292cc side valve engine; two-speed Sturmey-Archer gearbox; and bright red and black fuel tank and. Production costs were an early problem.
Gordon Francis had served in the British Army, working in a motor transport workshop, where he saw motorcycles with damaged frames. He considered a frame of bolted straight tubes as a simple alternative. He studied the problem of frequent fractures of motorcycle frames. He overcame cost by evolving a frame of six straight tubes, with one of the pairs specially formed. From the hub of the rear wheel, as far as the saddle and footrest, the frame formed a triangle. From the seat and steering head, down to the engine crankcase, the frame formed an inverted triangle. The fuel tank was held in place by similarly formed tubes. The frame could be bolted together with basic tools. In 1923, Francis exhibited a machine with this type of frame at Olympia, London. [7] [8]
Riders such as Thomas G "Tommy" Meeten took part at Brooklands and Scottish Six Days Trial (SSDT) and stunts such as riding up Snowdon. [9] On 12 July 1928, three riders started at the foot of Snowdon at Llanberis railway station:[ clarification needed ] John Moxon and Geoffrey Jones from Villiers, and Eric Barnett from Francis-Barnett. They completed the 3,270-foot (1,000 m) ascent in 22 minutes. The Supersport 172cc 2+3⁄4HP was awarded Gold and Silver medals at the SSDT in 1924. [10] [11]
Continuing with cost and simplicity in mind, the new wheels of the new Francis-Barnett were on spindles for easy removal. The 147cc Villiers two-stroke engine with flywheel magneto was light with a two-speed Albion gearbox, a three-speed was an option, and very easily reassembled and at a very low cost. The construction came with a no breakage forever guarantee. Other 250cc and 350cc machines were also produced with a sidecars as an option. The Pullman model followed in 1928 with a 344cc vertical in-line two-stroke Villiers engine. From 1928 to 1930 the black motorcycles followed the fashion and were coloured cream. They reverted to black in 1931, and to Arden Green around 1947. [12]
In 1932, Francis-Barnett introduced the 250 cc Cruiser model. This has a fairing that encases the engine to protect the rider from oil, and leg-shields and very fully-valanced mudguards to protect the rider from road dirt. The cruiser was one of the first motorcycles to have an enclosed engine. [8] A 1940 K39 Cruiser used to be in the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu, but has now been sold. [13]
In 1937 Arthur Barnett died, aged 74. His son Eric succeeded him as Sales Director. Eric Barnett was killed by a lorry that failed to stop in 1963. [14] From 1938, Francis-Barnett made its new 98cc Powerbike model, alongside the 125cc Snipe. These were intended for military use soon after the outbreak of World War Two. Air raids on Coventry in 1940 completely destroyed the Francis-Barnett factory. The company continued making parts during the war at another site. Production at Lower Ford Street resumed in 1945 with the 98cc Powerbike and then the 125cc Merlin. The Plover, Falcon and Kestrel models followed.
Associated Motor Cycles took over Francis-Barnett in 1947. About that time, Francis-Barnett revived the Cruiser model name with a 171cc AMC engined Light Cruiser. [2] [ dubious – discuss ] The motorcycles Plover, Falcon and Cruiser were successful in the 1950s as lightweight machines. Most were painted a dark green, which Francis-Barnett called Arden Green. Previously, Francis-Barnett had painted most of its motorcycles black.
AMC considered Villiers of Wolverhampton to be dictatorial, so it commissioned Italian designer Vincenzo Piatti to design a range of new engines to replace the Villiers ones. AMC made Piatti engines in-house, and installed them in Francis-Barnett motorcycles from about 1959 onward. However, the Piatti engines proved unreliable. [15] In the 1960s, AMC reverted some Francis-Barnett models to Villiers engines. [16] The Falcon 87 with a 199cc single cylinder two-stroke AMC engine was introduced in 1959, and remained in production until 1966. Also that year, the Cruiser 84 with a fully enclosed rear wheel and leg shields as standard equipment was available.
In the late 1950s, AMC tried to dispense with buying engines from Villiers by commissioning Italian engineer Vincenzo Piatti to design a new range of single-cylinder two-stroke engines. They were to be mde in four sizes: 150cc; 175cc; 200cc and 250cc. [17] AMC knew Piatti from his innovative, but commercially unsuccessful, Piatti scooter. AMC constrained Piatti by specifying low cost rather than quality. This led Piatti to devise to a very conservative design. The engines were poorly manufactured by AMC, and soon gained a reputation for unreliability.
In 1962, AMC closed the Francis-Barnett factory in Coventry, and moved production to the James factory at Greet, Birmingham. Some Francis-Barnett staff were transferred to James. The James and Francis-Barnett ranges became almost identical, badge-engineered with differences only in colour and name. The last new Francis-Barnett model was launched in 1962, the newly-designed Fulmar with a spine frame, pressed steel body, leading link fork, and 149cc AMC engine. Francis-Barnett production ended 4 August 1966 when Manganese Bronze Holdings took over AMC. Both Francis-Barnett and James ceased to exist from October of that year. [18] [2]
In early series of the British television drama Heartbeat , a 1961 Francis-Barnett Falcon 87 features as the police motorcycle. [19] In later series it was replaced with a 650cc BSA Golden Flash.
List of models: [20]
Francis & Barnett also made bayonets. The finish quality was not to as high a standard as that of the Government factories. F&B bayonets were very rare, with only a handful of known examples. [36]
A new company, Francis Barnett Coventry, formed in 2015, assembles powered bicycles and Chinese 125cc motorcycles in Kenilworth, a few miles south of Coventry. Models produced are the Batribike, Francis, Falcon four-stroke, Merlin, Kestrel, E-Dirt Bike and Oset. [37] The Kestrel and Merlin are based on the Classic 125, which is made by Herald Motor Company in China. [38]
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