Francis–Barnett

Last updated

Francis-Barnett
Industry Motorcycle
Founded1919
FoundersGordon Francis;
Arthur Barnett
Defunct1966
Fateliquidated
Headquarters,
UK
Parent from 1947: Associated Motor Cycles

Francis & Barnett Limited was an English motorcycle manufacturer from 1919 to 1966. Gordon Inglesby Francis and Arthur Barnett founded the company, which was based in Lower Ford Street, Coventry, until 1962. In 1947, Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) took over Francis-Barnett. In 1957, AMC merged Francis-Barnett with James in Birmingham; and in 1962, Francis-Barnett production moved to the James factory. In 1966 Manganese Bronze Holdings took over AMC, and terminated production of both Francis-Barnett and James.

Contents

Francis-Barnett motorcycles were nicknamed "Franny B" or "Fanny B". They were built with small engines, up to 350 cc (21 cu in), for affordable private transport and for use in motorcycle sport. Most Francis-Barnett motorcycles were built with Villiers two-stroke engines, until in 1959 AMC introduced its own range of single-cylinder two-stroke engines, made in-house, for both Francis-Barnett and James motorcycles.

History

1914 Lea-Francis V-twin Lea Francis 1914 V-Twin 1.jpg
1914 Lea-Francis V-twin

Richard Henry Lea and Graham Francis founded the Lea-Francis bicycle and motorcycle company in Coventry in 1895. [1] Graham Francis' son Gordon started his career in the workshop of Bayliss Thomas and Company Limited in Lower Ford Street, Coventry, who made Excelsior motorcycles. He got married to the daughter of one of his colleagues at Bayliss Thomas, Arthur Barnett, who later founded his own company, Invicta motorcycles. [2]

In 1919, Gordon Francis and Arthur Barnett went into partnership to make motorcycles together. The first Francis-Barnett models were little more than re-badged Invicta motor cycles. [3] In the 1920s Francis-Barnett made supple sheet metal work and pressings for the motor industry that proved successful. By 1947, Francis-Barnett had taken over Clarendon Pressings and Welding Company Limited. In 1948 output was increased, and industrial trolleys and pressed fabricated parts for the motor industry were made. [4] [5] Photographs and story of Clarendon Pressings and Welding Company, in Clarendon Street, Earlsdon, Coventry. [6]

The first new Francis–Barnett motorcycle had a J.A.P. 292cc side valve engine; two-speed Sturmey-Archer gearbox; and bright red and black fuel tank and. Production costs were an early problem.

1926 Francis-Barnett with 175 cc J.A.P. side valve engine Francis-Barnett 175 cc JAP side valve 1926.jpg
1926 Francis–Barnett with 175 cc J.A.P. side valve engine

Gordon Francis had served in the British Army, working in a motor transport workshop, where he saw motorcycles with damaged frames. He considered a frame of bolted straight tubes as a simple alternative. He studied the problem of frequent fractures of motorcycle frames. He overcame cost by evolving a frame of six straight tubes, with one of the pairs specially formed. From the hub of the rear wheel, as far as the saddle and footrest, the frame formed a triangle. From the seat and steering head, down to the engine crankcase, the frame formed an inverted triangle. The fuel tank was held in place by similarly formed tubes. The frame could be bolted together with basic tools. In 1923, Francis exhibited a machine with this type of frame at Olympia, London. [7] [8]

Fred Loudon's Francis-Barnett showroom in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1938 SLNSW 11535 Fred Loudons motorcycle shop with Francis-Barnett motorcycles corner Elizabeth and Goulburn Street.jpg
Fred Loudon's Francis-Barnett showroom in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1938

Riders such as Thomas G "Tommy" Meeten took part at Brooklands and Scottish Six Days Trial (SSDT) and stunts such as riding up Snowdon. [9] On 12 July 1928, three riders started at the foot of Snowdon at Llanberis railway station:[ clarification needed ] John Moxon and Geoffrey Jones from Villiers, and Eric Barnett from Francis-Barnett. They completed the 3,270-foot (1,000 m) ascent in 22 minutes. The Supersport 172cc 2+34HP was awarded Gold and Silver medals at the SSDT in 1924. [10] [11]

Continuing with cost and simplicity in mind, the new wheels of the new Francis-Barnett were on spindles for easy removal. The 147cc Villiers two-stroke engine with flywheel magneto was light with a two-speed Albion gearbox, a three-speed was an option, and very easily reassembled and at a very low cost. The construction came with a no breakage forever guarantee. Other 250cc and 350cc machines were also produced with a sidecars as an option. The Pullman model followed in 1928 with a 344cc vertical in-line two-stroke Villiers engine. From 1928 to 1930 the black motorcycles followed the fashion and were coloured cream. They reverted to black in 1931, and to Arden Green around 1947. [12]

1940 Francis-Barnett K 39 Cruiser Francis-Barnett K 39 Cruiser.jpg
1940 Francis-Barnett K 39 Cruiser

In 1932, Francis-Barnett introduced the 250 cc Cruiser model. This has a fairing that encases the engine to protect the rider from oil, and leg-shields and very fully-valanced mudguards to protect the rider from road dirt. The cruiser was one of the first motorcycles to have an enclosed engine. [8] A 1940 K39 Cruiser used to be in the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu, but has now been sold. [13]

1949 Francis-Barnett Powerbike 56 Francis-Barnett Powerbike 56 1949.jpg
1949 Francis-Barnett Powerbike 56

In 1937 Arthur Barnett died, aged 74. His son Eric succeeded him as Sales Director. Eric Barnett was killed by a lorry that failed to stop in 1963. [14] From 1938, Francis-Barnett made its new 98cc Powerbike model, alongside the 125cc Snipe. These were intended for military use soon after the outbreak of World War Two. Air raids on Coventry in 1940 completely destroyed the Francis-Barnett factory. The company continued making parts during the war at another site. Production at Lower Ford Street resumed in 1945 with the 98cc Powerbike and then the 125cc Merlin. The Plover, Falcon and Kestrel models followed.

1959 Francis-Barnett 150cc Plover Francis-Barnett Plover 150cc (1959) - 14709399311.jpg
1959 Francis-Barnett 150cc Plover

Associated Motor Cycles took over Francis-Barnett in 1947. About that time, Francis-Barnett revived the Cruiser model name with a 171cc AMC engined Light Cruiser. [2] [ dubious discuss ] The motorcycles Plover, Falcon and Cruiser were successful in the 1950s as lightweight machines. Most were painted a dark green, which Francis-Barnett called Arden Green. Previously, Francis-Barnett had painted most of its motorcycles black.

1964 Francis-Barnett Model 87 Falcon with 199cc Piatti / AMC 20T engine Francis-Barnett Falcon 87 Cassington.jpg
1964 Francis-Barnett Model 87 Falcon with 199cc Piatti / AMC 20T engine

AMC considered Villiers of Wolverhampton to be dictatorial, so it commissioned Italian designer Vincenzo Piatti to design a range of new engines to replace the Villiers ones. AMC made Piatti engines in-house, and installed them in Francis-Barnett motorcycles from about 1959 onward. However, the Piatti engines proved unreliable. [15] In the 1960s, AMC reverted some Francis-Barnett models to Villiers engines. [16] The Falcon 87 with a 199cc single cylinder two-stroke AMC engine was introduced in 1959, and remained in production until 1966. Also that year, the Cruiser 84 with a fully enclosed rear wheel and leg shields as standard equipment was available.

In the late 1950s, AMC tried to dispense with buying engines from Villiers by commissioning Italian engineer Vincenzo Piatti to design a new range of single-cylinder two-stroke engines. They were to be mde in four sizes: 150cc; 175cc; 200cc and 250cc. [17] AMC knew Piatti from his innovative, but commercially unsuccessful, Piatti scooter. AMC constrained Piatti by specifying low cost rather than quality. This led Piatti to devise to a very conservative design. The engines were poorly manufactured by AMC, and soon gained a reputation for unreliability.

1964 Francis-Barnett Fulmar 88 Francis-Barnett Fulmar 88 (1964).jpg
1964 Francis-Barnett Fulmar 88

In 1962, AMC closed the Francis-Barnett factory in Coventry, and moved production to the James factory at Greet, Birmingham. Some Francis-Barnett staff were transferred to James. The James and Francis-Barnett ranges became almost identical, badge-engineered with differences only in colour and name. The last new Francis-Barnett model was launched in 1962, the newly-designed Fulmar with a spine frame, pressed steel body, leading link fork, and 149cc AMC engine. Francis-Barnett production ended 4 August 1966 when Manganese Bronze Holdings took over AMC. Both Francis-Barnett and James ceased to exist from October of that year. [18] [2]

In early series of the British television drama Heartbeat , a 1961 Francis-Barnett Falcon 87 features as the police motorcycle. [19] In later series it was replaced with a 650cc BSA Golden Flash.

Francis–Barnett Powerbike and motorcycle models 1919–1966

List of models: [20]

1959 Francis-Barnett 200cc Falcon Model 81 Francis-Barnett Falcon Model 81 200cc (1959).jpg
1959 Francis-Barnett 200cc Falcon Model 81

Bayonets

Francis & Barnett also made bayonets. The finish quality was not to as high a standard as that of the Government factories. F&B bayonets were very rare, with only a handful of known examples. [36]

Francis–Barnett cycles and motorcycles, 2015 onward

Batribike Diamond Batribike Diamond.jpg
Batribike Diamond

A new company, Francis Barnett Coventry, formed in 2015, assembles powered bicycles and Chinese 125cc motorcycles in Kenilworth, a few miles south of Coventry. Models produced are the Batribike, Francis, Falcon four-stroke, Merlin, Kestrel, E-Dirt Bike and Oset. [37] The Kestrel and Merlin are based on the Classic 125, which is made by Herald Motor Company in China. [38]

References

  1. "Lea-Francis Products". Lea-Francis Owners' Club.
  2. 1 2 3 "A Brief History of Francis Barnett Motorcycles". British Classic Motorcycles.
  3. "1921 Invicta". Classic Motorcycle Guide. RealClassic. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  4. "Midlands News: 30.08.1956: Francis Barnett Motorcycles". The Media Archive for Central England. 30 August 1956. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  5. "Clarendon Pressing and Welding Co". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History.
  6. "The Tubular Bell Foundry". Earlsdon Online.
  7. "FB History". Francis-Barnett Owners' Club.
  8. 1 2 Tragatsch, Erwin (2000) [1979]. The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Motorcycles. London: Quantum Publishing. p. 560. ISBN   978-1861603425.
  9. "Tommy Meeten and the Francis Barnett 1927". Speed Track Tales. 15 April 2012.
  10. 1 2 "The Francis-Barnett "Built line a Bridge."". Speed Track Tales. (1920s advertisement)[ bare URL image file ]
  11. 1 2 "ISDT Motorcycle Adverts – 1920's". Speed Track Tales.
  12. "Francis barnett motorcycle (sic)". Answers.com.
  13. "Francis Barnett 1940". Yesterdays.
  14. "Eric A. Barnett". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History.
  15. Melling, Frank (3 October 2008). "Memorable Moto Francis Barnett Cruiser". Motorcycle USA. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  16. Attwood, Peter; Cakebread, Bill. "Two Stroke Shop". Working at AMC.[ dead link ]
  17. "Francis Barnett Falcon 87". Brightwells. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
  18. "Francis–Barnett". Sheldon's Emu.
  19. 1 2 "The 1961 "Heartbeat" Francis Barnett Falcon 87". H and H. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
  20. "Francis–Barnett Motorcycles". Sheldon's Emu.
  21. "1924 Fracis Barnett "Zarabout"". June 2019.[ dead link ]
  22. "Aza Engines". Sheldon's Emu.
  23. 1 2 "1948 Francis-Barnett Merlin L51". Hanson Mechanical.
  24. 1 2 "Francis Barnett Brooklands Track Special". Brooklands Museum.
  25. "TT 1924 Ultra-Lightweight TT Results". iomtt.
  26. "Tommy Meeten and the Francis Barnett 1927". Speed Track Tales. 15 April 2012.
  27. "1932 Francis Barnett Condor Pitcures". Vintage Bike.
  28. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)[ better source needed ]
  29. "No.11 - Francis Barnett". Autocycle A B C. The Moped Archive.
  30. Daniels, Mark. "The Old Ways". The Moped Archive.
  31. Booth, Ken. "Scottish Power(bike)". Iceni CAMmag.
  32. "Francis Barnett Manufacturers Team Bikes ISDT 1954 & 1955". Speed Track Tales. 5 April 2014.
  33. "ISDT 1955 – Czechoslovakia". Speed Track Tales. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
  34. "Mapping the ISDT:West Germany 1956". Speed Track Tales. 17 February 2017.
  35. "1965 Francis Barnett 250cc Scrambles". Bonham's.
  36. "The British No. 9 Bayonet & Foreign Copies". worldbayonets.com–The Collector's Edge.
  37. "Francis-Barnett Coventry – Bringing Back The Francis Barnett Name". www.francis-barnett.org.
  38. "Francis-Barnett is back". VisorDown. 11 February 2015.