Franklin Project

Last updated

Franklin Project
Successor Service Year Alliance
FormationOctober 2012
DissolvedDecember 2015
PurposeAdvancing national service in the United States
Location
  • Washington, DC
Director
Jay Mangone
Parent organization
Policy Program of the Aspen Institute

The Franklin Project was a policy program of the Aspen Institute from October 2012 to December 2015, that focused on advancing national service in the United States. Walter Isaacson called the project the "biggest idea" to come out of the Aspen Ideas Festival during his tenure as CEO of the Aspen Institute. [1] In January 2016, the project merged with ServiceNation and the Service Year Exchange project of the National Conference on Citizenship to form Service Year Alliance (a new 501(c)(3) non-profit operating as a joint venture of the Aspen Institute and Be the Change, Inc.). [2]

Contents

History

In 2012, Stanley McChrystal was interviewed by Bob Schieffer at the Aspen Ideas Festival. As part of that interview, McChrystal was asked whether or not he believed in the draft. He responded that he thought every young person should serve, but the military does not need every young person, so we need to create more opportunities for all young Americans to serve. [3]

McChrystal's remarks generated a lot of enthusiasm within the Aspen Institute community and several leaders within the United States national service community, along with Aspen Institute CEO Walter Isaacson, approached him to see if he would be interested in helping to form a new initiative around the concept that every young person should do a year or more of national service. He agreed and the Franklin Project was created in October 2012 as a policy program of the Aspen Institute. [4]

The project built a five-person team and a variety of councils of prominent Americans to advance the concept that a year or more of national service should become a common opportunity and expectation for young Americans. The project primarily relied on summits, convenings, initiatives, and writing by thought leaders associated with the project.

Over time, the project began to explore how it might work more closely together with its partners ServiceNation, the Service Year Exchange project of the National Conference on Citizenship, and Voices for National Service. With support from the Einhorn Family Charitable Trust, the four organizations worked together to develop a joint operating plan to ensure their collective efforts were adding up to impact greater than the sum of their individual efforts. At the end of a year-long planning process, three of the organizations (the Franklin Project, Service Nation, the Service Year Exchange project of the National Conference on Citizenship) decided the best way to achieve the new plan was to merge. The new 501(c)(3) non-profit organization is called Service Year Alliance, and operates as a joint venture between the Aspen Institute and Be the Change, Inc. Voices for National Service decided to remain independent, but is a close partner of the new organization. [5]

Summits

21st Century National Service Summit

On June 24 and 25, 2013, the project hosted the 21st Century National Service Summit in Aspen, Colorado, as a lead-in event to the Aspen Ideas Festival. The summit sought to "present bold new ideas to make national service a common expectation and opportunity for all young Americans" and inspire participants to "make specific commitments to fulfill the vision of the Franklin Project." Over 275 leaders from business, labor, higher education, government, military, faith-based community, philanthropy, and nonprofit organizations attended. At the summit the project also released its 21st Century National Service Action Plan. [6]

Speakers at the summit included: General Stanley McChrystal, former commander, International Security Assistance Force and US Forces Afghanistan and chair of the Franklin Project's Leadership Council; CNN senior political analyst and director of Harvard Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership David Gergen; Vice President Biden's chief of staff Bruce Reed; former Deputy Undersecretary of Defense Rob Gordon, Clinton Foundation board member Chelsea Clinton; former US Senator Mel Martinez; Corporation for National and Community Service CEO Wendy Spencer; journalist, author & former California first lady Maria Shriver; Civic Enterprises CEO and Franklin Project co-chair John Bridgeland; City Year co-founder and Franklin Project co-chair Alan Khazei; ABC News contributor Matthew Dowd; former Undersecretary of Defense Michèle Flournoy; Teach For America founder and chair Wendy Kopp; former governor of Idaho, US senator & US Interior secretary Dirk Kempthorne; Global Health Corps CEO and co-founder Barbara Bush; Target Community Relations president Laysha Ward; Huffington Post president, chair and editor-in-chief Arianna Huffington; former Bush White House director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives John DiIulio; PBS president Paula Kerger; White House Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation director Jonathan Greenblatt; Peace Corps deputy director Carrie Hessler-Radelet; former assistant to President George W. Bush, Michael Gerson; New Orleans, Louisiana, mayor Mitch Landrieu; Providence, Rhode Island, mayor Angel Taveras; Nashville, Tennessee, mayor Karl Dean; Bank of America Foundation president Kerry Sullivan; and Aspen Institute president and CEO Walter Isaacson.

The summit was sponsored by JPMorgan Chase, Target, Accenture, Bank of America, Burson Marsteller, Time magazine, Laura & Gary Lauder, Jonathan & Jeannie Lavine, the Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund, the Hauptman Family Foundation, Case Foundation, Entertainment Industry Foundation, Bright House Networks, State Farm, Voices For National Service, and the MCJ Amelior Foundation. [7]

Summit at Gettysburg: Our Unfinished Work

From June 4 to 6, 2014, the project hosted the Summit at Gettysburg: Our Unfinished Work in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in partnership with the National Conference on Citizenship, ServiceNation, and Voices for National Service. The summit sought to "awaken a new citizenship in the country, grounded in a service year as a rite of passage for all 18 to 28 year olds." Over 350 participants from the private sector, higher education, government, the military, faith communities, philanthropy, and nonprofit organizations attended.

Speakers at the summit included: Franklin Project Leadership Council chair General (Ret.) Stanley McChrystal; vice-chair of the Clinton Foundation Chelsea Clinton; CEO & co-founder of Global Health Corps Barbara Bush; CNN senior political analyst David Gergen; co-host of CNN's Crossfire S.E. Cupp; Washington Post columnist E.J. Dionne; author and former senior editor of Newsweek Jonathan Alter, CNN political contributor Paul Begala; Washington Post columnist Michael Gerson; US Army captain (ret.) and author Wes Moore; senior vice president of Corporate Affairs at Cisco Tae Yoo; chairman & CEO of Special Olympics Tim Shriver; chief marketing officer at eBay Richelle Parham; chief diversity officer and senior vice president at Time Warner, Lisa Garcia Quiroz; vice president at Google[x] Megan Smith; head of Social Impact at LinkedIn Meg Garlinghouse; president of Be the Change Rob Gordon; US president United Way Worldwide Stacey Stewart; CEO of Catholic Charities Rev. Larry Snyder; former US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood; CEO of the Corporation for National and Community Service Wendy Spencer; former director of the White House Domestic Policy Council and chair Forum for Community Solutions Melody Barnes; former member of the US House of Representatives Harold Ford, Jr.; mayor of Flint, Michigan, Dayne Walling; former US secretary of education Margaret Spellings; former vice chief of staff of the Army General (Ret.) Peter W. Chiarelli; former chairman of the FCC Michael Powell; and president and CEO of the Aspen Institute Walter Isaacson.

The summit was sponsored by Mike and Jackie Bezos, the Resnick Family Foundation, JPMorgan Chase & Co., the MacArthur Foundation, Laura & Gary Lauder, the Tisch Illumination Fund, Julie Fisher Cummings, and Mike Gridley. [8]

The program collaborated with the journal Democracy to release an issue coinciding with the summit that featured a symposium on national service. [9]

Initiatives

Huffington Post series

From June 2013 to November 2016, the project collaborated with the Huffington Post to tell stories of support for national service from a variety of perspectives, resulting in twenty-seven stories. The majority of these posts were a series of twenty-posts written by members of the Ambassadors Program in November 2016. [10]

Enlisting America Pledge

In June 2014, the project released "Enlisting America: A Call to National Service From Those Who Have Served". Top leaders and organizations representing the United States military endorsed two ideas by signing their name to the pledge:

  1. There should be an opportunity - and expectation - that every young American serves their country for a year.
  2. There are many ways to serve your country; military and civilian national service are two sides of the same coin. [11]

Employers of National Service

On September 12, 2014, President Barack Obama launched the Employers of National Service initiative at the 20th anniversary of AmeriCorps event on the South Lawn of the White House. [12] Employers participating in the initiative connect to the talent pipeline of AmeriCorps, Peace Corps, and other service year alumni, by indicating in their hiring processes that they view national service experience as a plus. The initiative is a collaboration between the program with the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Peace Corps, AmeriCorps Alums, and the National Peace Corps Association. To date, over 500 employers have joined the initiative. [13]

Service Year + Higher Education Innovation Challenge

In spring 2015, in partnership with the Lumina Foundation, the National Conference on Citizenship, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, the project ran a Service Year + Higher Education Innovation Challenge that "challenged higher education institutions to create innovative new service year opportunities connected to academic credit for their students." Over 200 universities engaged in the challenge and 32 ultimately submitted detailed proposals for consideration.

The top three proposals from each category (community college, public, and private categories) were invited to the Aspen Institute in Washington, DC, to compete for $100,000 in prizes at an in-person pitch day on April 15, 2015. [14]

Finalists and winners of the challenge were: [15]

The challenge was run again in 2016 by the project's successor organization, Service Year Alliance. [16]

Ambassadors Program

In May 2015, the project launched their Ambassadors Program, a twelve-month "leadership development program and local engagement strategy" with the aim of increasing support for national service in communities across the country. The program had three priorities:

  1. Make national service part of the 2016 election conversation.
  2. Increase the number of service year positions available in communities across the United States.
  3. Steward the next generation of national service leaders.

Forty-five ambassadors from twenty-five states were selected and began their term with a three-day training Alexandria, Virginia. [17]

Programs inspired

A variety of programs and initiatives were created by participants inspired by the project's programming.

ArtistYear

Margo Drakos and Elizabeth Warshawer founded ArtistYear after attending the 21st Century National Service Summit and were inspired to create the first national service program specifically for artists. ArtistYear brings the power of the arts to underserved schools with limited arts instruction and access by providing exceptional artists with a dedicated service year that goes beyond traditional community service outreach. Today, ArtistYear has corps members in three cities: Philadelphia, New York City, and Roaring Fork Valley, Colorado. [18]

NYC Service

In July 2014, the project collaborated with NYC Service and United Way of New York City to help them launch their effort to double the number of service year opportunities in New York City. The effort was launched at a summit on the effort at the Roosevelt House, attended by over 100 heads of major institutions, academic centers, nonprofits and corporations. Speakers at the summit included: Bill de Blasio, mayor of New York City; Paula Gavin, chief service officer of New York City; Sheena Wright, CEO of United Way of New York City; Jennifer Raab, president of Hunter College; Joel Berg, executive director of the New York City Coalition Against Hunger; Felix V. Matos Rodriguez, president of Queens College; Tim McClimon, president of the American Express Foundation; and Laurie Tisch, president of the Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund. [19]

Tufts 1+4

In collaboration with the project, Tufts University launched Tufts 1+4, in February 2014. The 1+4 program provides applicants to Tufts the opportunity to check off on their application that they would be interested in doing a year of service to begin their college experience. If admitted, Tufts places those interested students in selected service organizations to engage in a year of full-time national or international service before beginning the traditional college experience (hence 1 year of service + 4 years of traditional college experience). [20]

Baltimore Corps

Fagan Harris was an early advisor to the project and went on to created Baltimore Corps, a service year program that seeks to "enlist talent to accelerate social innovation in Baltimore and advance a citywide agenda for equity and racial justice." [21] The Aspen Institute served as Baltimore Corps' fiscal sponsor as it got off the ground.

Leadership

Director

The project was led by Marine Corps veteran Jason Mangone. Mangone shepherded the project's merger into its successor organization, Service Year Alliance, where he served as its founding chief operating officer.

Leadership Council

The project was advised by a Leadership Council of prominent Americans. Retired US Army General Stanley McChrystal served as chair and former White House Domestic Policy Council Director John Bridgeland and City Year Co-Founder Alan Khazei served as vice-chairs. Examples of other notable members included Madeleine Albright, Barbara Bush, and Chelsea Clinton.

Young Leaders Council

The program ran a Young Leaders Council consisting of a bipartisan group of emerging millennial leaders from a variety of sectors. The council hoped to develop and steward future leaders who view universal national service as their generation's legacy and would be willing to work together across party lines to eventually foster bipartisan legislation in support of it. Examples of council members included: Steven Olikara, founder and president of the Millennial Action Project; Joshua Marcuse, chairman of the Young Professionals in Foreign Policy; John McCarthy, executive director of Future Civic Leaders; and Anastasia Dellaccio, senior officer at the UN Foundation. Featured speakers at council meetings included: Olivier Knox of Yahoo News, Representative Joe Kennedy, and Representative Seth Moulton.

Publications

21st Century National Service Action Plan

At the 21st Century National Service Summit in June 2013, the project released its "21st Century National Service Action Plan", a 39-page plan that outlines how the United States could create a system of that engages at least one million young adults annually in a year of full-time national service as "civic rite of passage". The plan includes signatures by fifty-eight prominent Americans as endorsers. [22]

Voters for National Service

The projected collaborated with Voices for National Service, Civic Enterprises, and Hart Research Associates to research voter perspectives on national service (1,000 voter sample size). In June 2013 they released the results in "Voters for National Service: Perspectives of American Voters on Large-Scale National Service". The key findings of the study were:

  1. American voters have a positive view of national service and a broad understanding of what the term national service means.
  2. When asked what goals they have for our country, voters see many pressing needs and think the country could do more.
  3. Voters overwhelmingly favor a system of voluntary national service, but oppose mandatory service.
  4. Voters say the country and national service participants would benefit greatly—and in a variety of ways—from a national service program.
  5. Despite voters' concerns with government spending, more than three in four say that increased funding for national service would be worth it.
  6. Voters express real interest in participating in a national service program.
  7. Voters favor a range of policy ideas to expand national service opportunities to more Americans, including many ideas currently being explored by the national service field. [23]

"The Economic Value of National Service" report

The project collaborated with Voices for National Service, Civic Enterprises, and the Center for Benefit-Cost Studies in Education at Columbia University to study the economic value of national service and published a report in September 2013. The primary finding was that "the benefit-cost ratio is 3.9: for every dollar invested in the network of national service programs currently operating, there is a social return of almost four dollars." Clive Belfield of Columbia University was the author of the study. [24]

Related Research Articles

Americas Promise

America's Promise Alliance is the nation’s largest cross-sector alliance of nonprofit, community organizations, businesses, and government organization dedicated to improving the lives of young people.

Colorado Mountain College Public community college in western Colorado, U.S.

Colorado Mountain College (CMC) is a public community college with multiple campuses in western Colorado. Founded in 1965, the institution offers associate degrees, and five bachelor's degrees and certificates. Approximately 20,000 students take on-campus or online classes every year.

The Aspen Institute is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1949 as the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. The Institute and its international partners promote the creation of a free, just, and equitable society in a nonpartisan and nonideological setting through seminars, policy programs, conferences, and leadership development initiatives. The institute is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, and has campuses in Aspen, Colorado, and near the shores of the Chesapeake Bay at the Wye River in Maryland. It has partner Aspen Institutes in Berlin, Rome, Madrid, Paris, Lyon, Tokyo, New Delhi, Prague, Bucharest, Mexico City, and Kyiv, as well as leadership initiatives in the United States and on the African continent, India, and Central America.

Walter Isaacson American author, journalist and professor

Walter Seff Isaacson is an American author, journalist, and professor. He has been the President and CEO of the Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan policy studies organization based in Washington, D.C., the chair and CEO of CNN, and the editor of Time.

AmeriCorps

AmeriCorps is an independent agency of the United States government that engages more than five million Americans in service through AmeriCorps VISTA, AmeriCorps NCCC, AmeriCorps State and National, AmeriCorps Seniors, the Volunteer Generation Fund, and other national service initiatives. The agency's mission is “to improve lives, strengthen communities, and foster civic engagement through service and volunteering.” While a government agency, AmeriCorps acts much like a foundation and is the nation's largest annual grant maker supporting service and volunteering. It was created by the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993. In September 2020, the agency rebranded itself as AmeriCorps, although its official name is unchanged.

Founded in 1997 by AOL co-founder Steve Case and his wife Jean Case, the Case Foundation invests in individuals, nonprofits, and social enterprises aiming to connect people, increase giving, and catalyze civic action.

Jonathan Greenblatt American entrepreneur and executive

Jonathan Greenblatt is an American entrepreneur, corporate executive, and the sixth National Director and CEO of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). Prior to heading the ADL, Greenblatt served in the White House as Special Assistant to Barack Obama and Director of the Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation.

John Bridgeland

John M. Bridgeland is a former director of the United States Domestic Policy Council and USA Freedom Corps. He is president and CEO of the public policy firm Civic Enterprises, the co-founder and CEO of the COVID Collaborative and the vice-chair of the non-profit organization Malaria No More.

Public Allies is an American nonprofit organization that operates an AmeriCorps program and is dedicated to young-adult leadership development. Its mission is to create a just and equitable society and the diverse leadership to sustain it.

ServiceNation was a campaign of Be The Change, Inc., a 501(c)(3) organization based in Boston, Massachusetts. Its mission is to rekindle an ethic of civic responsibility in America through universal national service. ServiceNation's goal was to expand opportunities for Americans to spend a year in non-military national service such as AmeriCorps. National service programs like Americorps pay a living stipend and reward volunteers who have completed service with a monetary education award.

The National Conference on Citizenship (NCoC) is a non-partisan, non-profit organization dedicated to strengthening civic life in America. They pursue their mission through a nationwide network of partners involved in a cutting-edge Civic Health Initiative, annual cross-sector conferences, and engagement with a broad spectrum of individuals and organizations interested in utilizing civic engagement principles and practices to enhance their work. Connecting people for the purpose of strengthening civic life is NCoC's goal. At the core of NCoC's joint efforts is the belief that every person has the ability to help his or her community and country thrive.

The Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation was an office new to the Obama Administration, created within the White House, to catalyze new and innovative ways of encouraging government to do business differently. Its first director was the economist Sonal Shah. The final director was David Wilkinson.

Alan Khazei American entrepreneur and politician

Alan Khazei is an American social entrepreneur. He served as chief executive officer of City Year, an AmeriCorps national service program he co-founded with Michael Brown, his friend and roommate at Harvard College and Harvard Law School.

The Greater Toronto CivicAction Alliance, commonly known as CivicAction, is a non-profit, non-partisan organization based in Toronto that works with senior and emerging leaders from the business, government, labour, academic and community sectors to address urban challenges in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and beyond. The purpose of the organization is to boost civic engagement and build better cities.

Presidential Summit on Entrepreneurship

In his "A New Beginning" speech on June 4, 2009, at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt, President of the United States Barack Obama announced, "I will host a Summit on Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we can deepen ties between business leaders, foundations and social entrepreneurs in the United States and Muslim communities around the world". The Presidential Summit on Entrepreneurship, held in Washington, D.C., on Monday April 26, and Tuesday, April 27, 2010, at the Ronald Reagan Building, followed through on President Obama's commitment by highlighting the importance of social and economic entrepreneurship, and strengthening mutually-beneficial relationships with entrepreneurs in Muslim-majority countries and Muslim communities around the world. At the second summit in Istanbul, Turkey, Vice President Joe Biden announced that the Presidential Summit would become the marquee event that kicks off Global Entrepreneurship Week each year, with the 2013 host being the United Arab Emirates.

Partners for a New Beginning

In his "A New Beginning" speech on June 4, 2009, at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt, President of the United States Barack Obama stated that "I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world, one based on mutual interest and mutual respect, and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles – principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings." During the speech, he also committed to "host a Summit on Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we can deepen ties between business leaders, foundations and social entrepreneurs in the United States and Muslim communities around the world".

The U.S.-Vietnam Dialogue Group on Agent Orange/Dioxin was formally established in February 2007 as an initiative of prominent private citizens, scientists and policy-makers on both the Vietnamese and US sides, working on issues that the two countries’ governments have found difficult to address. It is not an implementing agency nor a fundraising organization. Its role has been to call attention to the need for five key actions to be undertaken in a humanitarian spirit: to establish treatment and education centers for Vietnamese with disabilities; cooperate with the U.S. and Vietnamese governments to contain and clean up dioxin, beginning at three priority airport "hot spots"; set up a modern dioxin testing laboratory in Vietnam; foster programs for training of trainers in restoration and management of damaged landscapes; and educate the U.S. public on the issues. Leading the Vietnamese side is Ambassador Ngo Quang Xuan, vice chair of the Vietnamese National Assembly's Foreign Affairs Committee, and leading the U.S. side is Walter Isaacson, president and CEO of the Aspen Institute. The convener of the group is Susan Berresford, former President of the Ford Foundation.

Daniel R. Porterfield

Daniel R. Porterfield is an American nonprofit executive, academic administrator, and government official serving as the president and CEO of the Aspen Institute. Porterfield previously served as the 15th president of Franklin & Marshall College, senior vice president for strategic development and English professor at Georgetown University, and communications director and chief speechwriter for the U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary during the Clinton Administration.

Aspen Ideas Festival Organization

Founded in 2005, the Aspen Ideas Festival (AIF) is a week-long event held in Aspen, Colorado in the United States. The Aspen Ideas Festival program of events includes discussions, seminars, panels, and tutorials from journalists, designers, innovators, politicians, diplomats, presidents, judges, musicians, artists, and writers.

Service Year Alliance is an American nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. dedicated to making a year of paid, full-time service — a service year — a common expectation and opportunity for all young Americans.

References

  1. ↑ Carroll, Rick (June 25, 2017). "Q&A with Walter Isaacson of the Aspen Institute". The Aspen Times . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  2. ↑ Sagawa, Shirley. "Nonprofit Mergers: The Missing Ingredient". Stanford Social Innovation Review. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  3. ↑ "Stanley McChrystal on Leadership". Aspen Ideas Festival. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Bridgeland, John (2012). Heart of the Nation: Volunteering and America's Civic Spirit. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 132–134. ISBN   1442220627.
  5. ↑ Sagawa, Shirley. "Nonprofit Mergers: The Missing Ingredient". Stanford Social Innovation Review. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  6. ↑ "A 21st Century National Service System: Plan of Action" (PDF). Aspen Institute. Franklin Project. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  7. ↑ Morra, Jean. "The Aspen Institute's Franklin Project Announces 21st Century National Service Summit". Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  8. ↑ Maller, Tara. "Press Release: The Franklin Project at The Aspen Institute Announces 2014 Summit on National Service at Gettysburg". Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  9. ↑ Meserve, Jack (June 23, 2014). "Aspen Institute Event on National Service". Democracy . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Topic: The Franklin Project". The Huffington Post . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Enlisting America: A Call to National Service From Those Who Have Served" (PDF). Aspen Institute. Franklin Project. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  12. ↑ Archive of Obama White House Blog https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/03/09/employers-national-service-and-americorps-vista-champions-change Accessed March 6, 2018.
  13. ↑ Employers of National Service Website. https://www.nationalservice.gov/special-initiatives/employers-national-service Accessed March 6, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Service Year + Higher Ed Innovation Challenge". The Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  15. ↑ "2015 Challenge Recap". Service Year + Higher Education Innovation Challenge. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  16. ↑ "2016 Challenge Recap". Service Year + Higher Education Innovation Challenge. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  17. ↑ Shaheen-McConnel, Yasmeen. "Announcing the Inaugural Class of Franklin Project Ambassadors". Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Our Story". Artist Year. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  19. ↑ "UWNYC & NYC Service Launch Service and Volunteerism Effort in Partnership with The Franklin Project". United Way of New York City. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  20. ↑ "Tufts 1+4 Program Will Transform "Gap Year" into Bridge Year, Energize Civic Renewal". Tufts Now. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  21. ↑ "Who We Are". Baltimore Corps. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  22. ↑ "A 21st Century National Service System: Plan of Action" (PDF). Aspen Institute. Franklin Project. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  23. ↑ "Voters for National Service: Perspectives of American Voters on Large-Scale National Service" (PDF). The Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  24. ↑ Belfield, Clive. "The Economic Value of National Service" (PDF). The Aspen Institute. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.