French corvette Etna (1795)

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Etna .

Royal Navy plan of Etna as taken off in 1796, prior to being fitted as a 20-gun sixth-rate post-ship
History
France
Name	Etna
Builder	André-François and Joseph-Augustin Normand, Honfleur
Laid down	June 1794
Launched	April 1795
Captured	November 1796
Great Britain
Name	HMS Aetna
Acquired	November 1796 by capture
Renamed	HMS Cormorant in 1797
Fate	Wrecked 15 May 1800
General characteristics [1]
Tons burthen	564 40⁄94 (bm)
Length	119 ft 4 in (36.4 m) (overall); 98 ft 2+1⁄2 in (29.9 m) (keel)
Beam	32 ft 10+1⁄2 in (10.0 m)
Depth of hold	14 ft 9+1⁄2 in (4.5 m)
Propulsion	Sails
Complement	155 (British establishment)
Armament	French service: 16, [2] [3] or 18 × 18-pounder long guns,z [4] [5] British service: 18 × 9-pounder guns + 2 × 32-pounder carronades (initially); 18 × 32-pounder carronades + 2 × 12-pounder bow chasers (later)

Etna was a French naval Etna-class ship-sloop launched in 1795 that the Royal Navy captured in November 1796. She was taken into service as HMS Aetna and renamed to HMS Cormorant the next year. She captured several merchant vessels and privateers before she was wrecked in 1800 off the coast of Egypt.

Capture

Etna's first commander was lieutenant de vaisseau Coudre Lacoudrais. By the time of her capture off Barfleur, he had received a promotion to capitaine de frégate. ^[6]

In the night of 13 to 14 November 1796, Etna departed Le Havre, and was chased in the morning by HMS Melampus and Childers, which she tried to distance. Melampus came within range around 15:30 Etna resisted for two hours before striking her colours as Childers joined the battle. ^[5]

The London Gazette reported that on 13 November HMS Melampus and HMS Minerva drove a French navy corvette ashore near Barfleur. However the British were not able to get close enough to assure her destruction. Then Melampus and Childers captured another corvette, which was the Etna. Etna was armed with eighteen 12-pounder guns and had a crew of 137 men under the command of Citizen Joseph La Coudrais. The prisoners stated that both corvettes were carrying military and naval stores and that the corvette that had run ashore was the Etonnant. ^{[lower-alpha 1]} Both were new ships on their first cruise. ^[7]

Captain Coudre Lacoudrais was found innocent of the loss of his ship by the court-martial. ^{[2] [5]}

British service

Etna arrived in Portsmouth in November and the Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Aetna. However, she then underwent fitting out until 25 July 1797. At some point she was renamed HMS Cormorant and was classed as a post ship. ^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Captain John Clarke Searle commissioned Cormorant in May 1797. On 14 November she recaptured George. ^[8]

At some point Captain Lord Mark Kerr replaced Searle. While Cormorant was under Kerr's command, she, St Fiorenzo and Cynthia recaptured the American vessel Betty. ^[9] Then on 24 November 1797 Cormorant was in company with Cynthia and Grand Falconer when they captured the French merchant sloop Necessaire. ^[8]

In January 1798 Cormorant was in Sir Richard Strachan's squadron. On 15 February she captured the Prussian ship Welvaert. ^[10] On 29 May Cormorant captured the brig Pruyiche Koopman. ^[11]

Cormorant sailed for the Mediterranean in September 1798. Cormorant, HMS Argo, and HMS Pomone, convoyed a large fleet of merchantmen and transports to Lisbon. The convoy included the East Indiamen Royal Charlotte, Cuffnells, Phoenix, and Alligator. On 25 September the convoy encountered a French fleet of nine sail, consisting of one eighty-gun ship and eight frigates. The convoy commander signalled the Company's ships to form line of battle with the Royal Navy ships, and the convoy to push for Lisbon. This manoeuvre, and the warlike appearance of the Indiamen, deterred the French admiral from attacking them; the whole fleet reached Lisbon in safety. ^[12]

On 27 October Cormorant captured the French privateer Tartar. ^[13] In November she assisted in the British recapture of Minorca on 7 November. ^[14] On 10 November she took possession in the harbour of Port Mahon of the Spanish ship Francisco Xavier, alias Esperansa, which had a cargo of drugs and bale goods and which had been on her way to Cadiz. ^[13] A part of the proceeds of the prize money, head money, and the like for the capture of Minorca amounted to £20,000 and was paid in May 1800 to the British army and navy units involved. ^[15]

On 2 January 1799, Cormorant captured the Spanish 12-gun packet Valiente (or Valianta) off Malaga. Letters received at Plymouth from Gibraltar reported that

Cormorant... had captured a Spanish packet from Rio di Plata for Barcelona, very valuable. One boat was lost in boarding the packet, crew saved. Lieutenant W. Wooltiridge then gallantly boarded her in the jolly boat with eight men, took possession of her though there were fifty five Spaniards, and brought her into Gibraltar. ^[16]

Between 28 January and 9 February Cormorant cruised the Spanish coast with Centaur. Cormorant captured one tartane, drove another ashore, and captured a settee carrying oil. ^[17]

Then on 16 March, Centaur and Cormorant chased the Spanish frigate Guadaloupe, of 40 guns. Centaur drove Guadaloupe aground near Cape Oropesa, where she was wrecked. ^[18]

Cormorant parted company with Centaur during the chase and then on the 19th, as she was proceeding to the rendezvous, she sighted a brig. After a chase of four hours, Cormorant captured the Spanish naval brig Vincejo. Vincejo was armed with eighteen 6-pounder guns on her gun deck, six brass 4-pounders on her quarterdeck, and two on her forecastle. She also had a crew of 144 men. During the chase Vincejo threw six of her 6-pounders overboard. ^[19] The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Vincejo.

In September Captain Courtenay Boyle replaced Kerr. ^[1] Also, at some point Cormorant captured the Spanish xebec Vergen de la Victoria. ^[20]

On 2 December Cormorant was in sight and joined in the chase when Racoon encountered a French lugger. After an hour's chase Racoon captured her quarry, which proved to be the Vrai Decide, of 14 guns and four swivel guns. Vrai Decide had 41 men on board, under the command of Citizen Defgardi. The lugger was from Boulogne, had been out 30 hours in company with three other privateers, and had taken no prizes. ^[21]

On 20 February 1800 Cormorant recaptured the Elizabeth Jane, of London, which had been sailing from the Bahamas. She had had 25 Frenchmen aboard. She separated from Cormorant on the 24th. ^[22]

That evening at 45°45′N010°29′W / 45.750°N 10.483°W / 45.750; -10.483 Cormorant captured the Spanish privateer brig Batador (or Battidor). Batador was armed with 14 guns and had a crew of 87 men. She was eight days out of St. Andero on a three-month cruise, but had not yet made any captures. The wind and seas were bad and it was difficult to get a prize crew of volunteers aboard Batador, and it proved impossible to remove the prisoners. The Spanish crew twice tried to recapture their vessel and were twice subdued. ^[22]

Fate

Cormorant was sailing to Egypt with dispatches for Sir Sidney Smith when she reached the African coast near Benghazi on 15 May. ^[23] She then sailed for Alexandria, skirting the coast. That evening she ran hard aground in shallow water. In the morning the shore was visible about a mile and a half away, with what proved to be the town of Damietta, which is east of Alexandria, in the distance. When it became clear that they could not free Cormorant, the crew abandoned ship, reaching the shore on boats and rafts. There the French took them prisoner. ^[23]

Boyle, his officers, and his men remained prisoners until their release on 27 July, having suffered a "cruel imprisonment and savage treatment". Boyle sailed to Cyprus and then Minorca. ^[24] The subsequent court-martial at Minorca absolved Boyle of any blame, attributing the loss to the "great incorrectness" of the available charts. ^[23]

Notes

1. As no French naval vessel of the time bore the name, the ship is question is probably Etna's sister-ship, Étonnante, of eighteen 18-pounder guns.
2. The British later captured her sister ships Torche and Mignonne, which however they classed as ship-sloops. ^[1]

Citations

1. Winfield (2008), p. 232.
2. Barrey (1907), pp. 57–8.
3. Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 172.
4. Roche (2005), p. 185.
5. Troude (1867), pp. 44–45.
6. Fonds Marine, Vol. 1, pp.151 & 183.
7. "No. 13953". The London Gazette . 19 November 1796. p. 1116.
8. "No. 15046". The London Gazette . 31 July 1798. p. 728.
9. "No. 15015". The London Gazette . 12 May 1798. p. 404.
10. "No. 15252". The London Gazette . 26 April 1800. p. 409.
11. "No. 15624". The London Gazette . 27 September 1803. p. 1324.
12. "List of factory records of the late East India Company: preserved in the Record Department of the India Office, London (1896) - accessed 6 December 2014.
13. 1 2 "No. 15106". The London Gazette . 9 February 1799. p. 137.
14. "No. 15091". The London Gazette . 24 December 1798. pp. 1227–1233.
15. "No. 15256". The London Gazette . 10 May 1800. p. 466.
16. Naval Chronicle, Vol, 1, p.257.
17. "No. 15119". The London Gazette . 26 March 1799. pp. 288–289.
18. Norie (1827), p. 275.
19. "No. 15146". The London Gazette . 11 June 1799. p. 586.
20. "No. 15300". The London Gazette . 7 October 1800. p. 1161.
21. "No. 15210". The London Gazette . 3 December 1799. p. 1256.
22. "No. 15241". The London Gazette . 22 March 1800. p. 285.
23. Hepper (1994), p. 95.
24. Norie (1827), p. 42.

References

• Barrey, Ph. (1907). "Notice sur les Constructeurs de Navires Havrais". Recueil des publications de la société havraise d'études diverses. Le Havre: Imprimerie H. Micaux.
• Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome premier: BB210 à 482 (1805-18826)
• Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN   0-948864-30-3.
• Norie, J.W. (1827). The Naval Gazetteer, Biographer, and Chronologist: Containing a History of the Late Wars, from Their Commencement in 1793 to Their Conclusion in 1801; and from Their Re-commencement in 1803 to Their Final Conclusion in 1815; and Continued, as to the Biographical Part, to the Present Time. J.W. Norie & Co.
• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, 1671–1870. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. p. 185. ISBN   978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC   165892922.
• Troude, Onésime-Joachim (1867). Batailles navales de la France. Vol. 3. Challamel ainé. pp. 44–45.
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-246-7.
• Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84832-204-2.

External links

• Media related to HMS Cormorant (ship, 1796) at Wikimedia Commons