French destroyer Mortier

Mortier in Cherbourg, 31 July 1909
History
France
Name	Mortier
Namesake	Mortar
Builder	Arsenal de Rochefort
Laid down	12 September 1904
Launched	23 March 1906
Stricken	30 March 1927
General characteristics
Class and type	Claymore-class destroyer
Displacement	356  t (350 long tons)
Length	58 m (190 ft 3 in) (waterline)
Beam	6.53 m (21 ft 5 in)
Draft	2.95 m (9 ft 8 in)
Installed power	2 Normand boilers 6,800  ihp (5,071  kW)
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 triple-expansion steam engines
Speed	28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range	2,300  nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement	60
Armament	1 × 65 mm (2.6 in) gun 6 × 47 mm (1.9 in) Hotchkiss guns 2 × 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes

Mortier was one of 13 Claymore-class destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Construction and career

Mortier (Mortar) was ordered on 5 August 1903 and was laid down at the Arsenal de Rochefort on 12 September 1904. The ship was launched on 23 March 1906 and was assigned to the Northern Squadron after her completion in January 1908. ^[1] She remained with the unit as it was redesigned as the Third Squadron (3^e Escadre) in March 1908, but was transferred to the Mediterranean in January 1910. Mortier was assigned to the Oran Destroyer Flotilla (Torpilleur d'Oran) in French Algeria in 1911 and remained there until she was transferred to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla (4^e escadrille de torpilleurs) of the 1st Naval Army (1^ère Armée Navale) in 1912. ^[2]

After the First World War began in August 1914, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (2^e escadre légère) and two British cruisers during the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari on 16 August. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser SMS Zenta and the destroyer SMS Ulan, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Vice-amiral) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron and the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro to the Greek island of Corfu. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle. ^[3]

In October 1915, Mortier and the destroyer Hache supported the predreadnought battleships Saint Louis and the Charlemagne as they covered landings by French troops in Salonica, Greece. ^[4] The ship was under repair during January – May 1916 in Algeria and then again in Toulon in January – May 1917. ^[2] She was one of five destroyers that escorted Charlemagne from Bizerte, French Tunisia, to Toulon in September. ^[5] Mortier served in the Provençal Patrol Division (Division des patrouille de Provence) from 1917 to June 1919 and then was assigned to the Torpedo School (École des torpilleurs) until October 1923. The ship was struck from the naval register on 30 March 1927 and sold for scrap on 26 October. ^[1]

References

1. Roberts, p. 381
2. Le Masson, p. 141
3. Freivogel, pp. 98–99, 117–121; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 27, 55–56, 59–62
4. Jordan & Caresse, p. 268
5. Jordan & Caresse, p. 279

Bibliography

• Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 . Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. ISBN   0-8317-0302-4.
• Couhat, Jean Labayle (1974). French Warships of World War I. London: Ian Allan. ISBN   0-7110-0445-5.
• Freivogel, Zvonimir (2019). The Great War in the Adriatic Sea 1914–1918. Zagreb: Despot Infinitus. ISBN   978-953-8218-40-8.
• Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017). French Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   978-1-59114-639-1.
• Le Masson, Henri (1967). Histoire du Torpilleur en France[History of the Torpedo-armed Ship in France]. Paris: Académie de marine. OCLC   491016784.
• Prévoteaux, Gérard (2017). La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome I 1914–1915[The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book I 1914–1915]. Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond. Vol. 23. Le Vigen, France: Éditions Lela presse. ISBN   978-2-37468-000-2.
• Prévoteaux, Gérard (2017). La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome II 1916–1918[The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book II 1916–1918]. Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond. Vol. 27. Le Vigen, France: Éditions Lela presse. ISBN   978-2-37468-001-9.
• Roberts, Stephen S. (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-5267-4533-0.