Gardiner's sign list

Last updated

Gardiner's sign list is a list of common Egyptian hieroglyphs compiled by Sir Alan Gardiner. It is considered a standard reference in the study of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Contents

Gardiner lists only the common forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but he includes extensive subcategories, and also both vertical and horizontal forms for many hieroglyphs. He includes size-variation forms to aid with the reading of hieroglyphs in running blocks of text. In contrast, for example, the Budge Reference has about 1,000 hieroglyphs listed in 50 pages, but with no size variations.

Gardiner does not cross-index signs; once a sign is put on one of his lists, other significant uses may be overlooked. One example of this is 𓅒 G16, nbtỉ, the ideogram for the Two Ladies, goddesses Wadjet as the cobra and Nekhbet as the white vulture. These are the protective and patron goddesses of the separate Egyptian kingdoms that joined into ancient Egypt, who were both then displayed on the uraeus of Wadjet when the unification occurred and afterward considered jointly to be the protectors of Egypt and the pharaohs. This ideogram is listed only in the bird list (G), and overlooked on the deity list (C) and the reptile list (I).

Other subcategories included by Gardiner are abbreviations and personalized forms, and also a complete subset, used on papyrus, specifically for the Book of the Dead .

Categories

A. Man and his occupations

56 signs in Gardiner (1957:242247), with A59 "man threatening with stick" inserted after A25 "man striking with left hand hanging behind back", and two variants A14* "blood interpreted as ax" of A14 "man with blood streaming from his head"; and A17* "child sitting with arms hanging down" of A17 "child sitting with hand to mouth".

A1
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A2
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A3
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A4
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A5
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A6
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A7
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A8
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A9
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A10
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A11
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A12
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A13
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A14
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A15
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A16
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A17
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A18
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A19
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A20
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A21
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A22
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A23
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A24
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A25
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A26
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A28
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A29
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A30
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A31
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A37
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A38
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A39
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A40
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A41
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A42
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A43
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A44
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A45
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A46
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A47
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A48
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A49
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A50
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A51
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A52
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A53
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A54
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A55
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A56
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A57
A57
A58
A58
A59
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A60
A60

B. Woman and her occupations

7 signs in Gardiner (1957:448).

B1
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B2
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B3
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B4
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B5
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B6
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B7
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B8
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B9
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B10
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B11
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B12
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C. Anthropomorphic deities

11 signs in Gardiner (1957:448f.) with the addition of five 19th Dynasty signs, C12 Amun, C17 Mont, C18 Tjanen, C19 and C20 Ptah.

C1
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C2
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C3
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C4
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C5
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C6
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C7
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C8
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C9
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C10
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C11
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C12
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C17
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C18
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C19
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C20
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D. Parts of the human body

Expected quantity: 63

D1
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D2
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D3
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D4
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D5
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D6
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D7
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D8
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D9
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D10
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D11
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D12
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D13
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D14
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D15
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D16
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D17
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D18
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D19
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D20
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D21
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D22
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D23
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D25
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D42
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D44
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D49
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D50
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D51
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D52
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D54
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D55
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D56
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D57
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D58
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D59
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D60
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D61
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D62
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D63
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D64
D64
D65
D65
D66
D66
D67
D67
D68
D68
D69
D69
D70
D70

E. Mammals

Expected quantity: 34

E1
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E2
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E3
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E4
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E5
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E6
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E9
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E12
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E13
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E14
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E15
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E16
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E18
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E28
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E31
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E32
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E34
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E35
E35
E36
E36
E37
E37
E38
E38
E39
E39
E40
E40

F. Parts of mammals

Expected quantity: 52

F1
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F2
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F3
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F4
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F5
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F6
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F7
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F8
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F9
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F10
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F11
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F12
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F13
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F14
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F15
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F16
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F17
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F18
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F19
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F20
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F21
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F22
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F23
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F24
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F25
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F26
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F27
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F28
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F29
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F30
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F31
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F32
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F53
F53
F54
F54
F55
F55
F56
F56
F57
F57
F58
F58
F59
F59
F60
F60

G. Birds

Expected quantity: 54

G1
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G2
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G3
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G4
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G5
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G6
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G7
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G8
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G9
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G10
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G11
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G12
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G13
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G14
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G15
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G16
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G17
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G18
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G19
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G20
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G21
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G22
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G23
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G24
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G25
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G26
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G27
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G28
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G29
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G30
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G31
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G32
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G33
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G34
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G35
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G36
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G37
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G38
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G39
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G40
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G41
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G42
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G43
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G44
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G45
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G46
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G47
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G48
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G49
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G50
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G51
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G52
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G53
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G54
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G55
G55
G56
G56
G57
G57
G58
G58
G59
G59
G60
G60

H. Parts of birds

Expected quantity: 8

H1
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H2
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H3
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H4
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H5
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H6
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H7
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H8
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H9
H9
H10
H10

I. Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc.

15 signs in Gardiner (1957:475f).

No.img.Unicodephon.descriptionusage, notes
I1
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𓆈 U+13188ꜥšꜣlizard"lizard"
I2
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𓆉 U+13189freshwater turtleštjw "turtle"
I3
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𓆊 U+1318Aı͗tcrocodile"crocodile" (ḫntj), "be greedy; lust after" (ḥnt), "voracious, angry", (ꜣd)
I4
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𓆋 U+1318Bcrocodile on a shrine Sobek
I5
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𓆌 U+1318Ccrocodile with inward curved tail"collect, gather" (sꜣq)
I6
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𓆎 U+1318Ekmpiece of crocodile-skin with spinesas phonogram in kmt "Egypt", skm "grey-haired"
I7
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𓆏 U+1318Ffrog"frog" (qrr), Heqet, ideogram in wḥm-ꜥnḫ "repeating life"
I8
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𓆐 U+13190ḥfntadpole
I9
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𓆑 U+13191fhorned viper
I10
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𓆓 U+13193cobra in repose
I11
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𓆕 U+13195ḏḏtwo cobras
I12
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𓆗 U+13197cobra erect Uraeus (iꜥrt), Nesret
I13
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𓆘 U+13198I12 + V30"goddess"
I14
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𓆙 U+13199snake"snake" (ḏdft), "serpent" (ḥfꜣw)
I15
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𓆚 U+1319Avariant of I14

K. Fish and parts of fish

Expected quantity: 7

K1
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K2
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K3
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K4
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K5
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K6
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K7
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K8
K8
K9
K9
K10
K10

L. Invertebrates and lesser animals

Expected quantity: 7

L1
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L2
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L3
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L4
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L5
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L6
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L7
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L8
L8
L9
L9
L10
L10

M. Trees and plants

44 signs in Gardiner (1957:478484).

M1
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M2
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M3
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M4
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M5
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M6
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M7
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M8
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M9
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M10
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M11
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M12
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M13
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M14
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M15
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M16
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M17
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M18
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M19
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M20
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M21
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M22
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M23
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M24
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M25
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M26
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M27
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M28
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M29
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M30
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M31
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M32
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M33
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M34
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M35
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M36
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M37
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M38
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M39
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M40
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M41
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M42
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M43
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M44
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N. Sky, earth, water

42 signs in Gardiner (1957:485492). N3 is an Old Kingdom variant of N2. N11 "moon" has vertical (increscent and decrescent) variants, N12 is a 19th-Dynasty variant of N11.

No.img.Unicodephon.descriptionusage, notes
N1
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𓇯 U+131EFpt sky
N2
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𓇰 U+131F0grḥsky with sceptredet. for "darkness"
N3
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𓇱 U+131F1as N2variant of N2Old Kingdom variant of N2
N4
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𓇲 U+131F2moisture falling from the sky"dew", "rain"
N5
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𓇳 U+131F3rꜥ sun
N6
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𓇴 U+131F4rꜥ sun with uraeus19th Dynasty
N7
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𓇵 U+131F5N5 + T28ẖrt-hrw "day-time"
N8
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𓇶 U+131F6wbnsunshineUsually depicted with three rays, older variants may also have four rays. [1] Determinative for e.g. pḥḏ "to shine, illumine" and wbn "rise"; from this latter case, it can also take the phonetic value of wbn when standing on its own, e.g. in wbn "wound". Alternatively, it is either a determiner or ideogram for ḥnmmt, the name of the "sun folk" of Heliopolis (Gardiner p. 486).
A depiction with four rays is found on an ivory wand of c. 2100 BC: The "Sun with rays" hieroglyph is shown once, placed upon the head of a ram. It has a central dot, like the "Sun" hieroglyph (N5), with four elongated, undulating vertical rays. [2] See also Aten.
N9
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𓇷 U+131F7psḏmoon with its lower half obscured18th Dynasty
N10
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𓇸 U+131F8as N9variant of N918th Dynasty
N11
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𓇹 U+131F9crescent moon
N12
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𓇺 U+131FAvariant of N1118th Dynasty
N13
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𓇻 U+131FBhalf of N11 + N14"half-month festival"
N14
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𓇼 U+131FCstar
N15
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𓇽 U+131FDstar in circle
N16
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𓇾 U+131FEN18 + 3 x N33"earth, land" (flat alluvial land with grains of sand)
N17
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𓇿 U+131FFvariant of N16as N16
N18
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𓈀 U+13200ı͗sandy tract"island"
N19
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𓈃 U+132032 x N18in ḥr-ꜣḫty "Horus-of-the-Horizon"
N20
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𓈄 U+13204tongue of land"sand bank, shore"
N21
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𓈅 U+13205tongue of land"bank, region" (in "two banks" = "Egypt")
N22
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𓈆 U+13206tongue of landOld Kingdom predecessor of both N20 and N21
N23
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𓈇 U+13207irrigation canaldifferentiation of N36
N24
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𓈈 U+13208 land with irrigation tunnels "district, nome"
N25
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𓈉 U+13209hills"hill-country, foreign land"
N26
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𓈋 U+1320Bḏwmountain
N27
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𓈌 U+1320Csun rising over mountain"horizon"
N28
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𓈍 U+1320Dḫꜥ sun rising over hill
N29
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𓈎 U+1320Eqsandy hill-slope
N30
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𓈏 U+1320Fmound with shrubs"mound"
N31
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𓈐 U+13210road bordered by shrubs"road"
N32
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𓈑 U+13211lump of clay or dungOld Kingdom
N33
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𓈒 U+13212grain of sand
N34
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𓈔 U+13214metal ingot
N35
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𓈖 U+13216n ripple of water variant "three ripples" 𓈗 U+13217
N36
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𓈘 U+13218water channel
N37
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𓈙 U+13219pool"pool"
N38
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𓈛 U+1321Bvariant of N37more detailed drawing of N37
N39
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𓈜 U+1321Cgarden pool full of watervariant of N37
N40
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𓈝 U+1321DN37 + D54"go"
N41
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𓈞 U+1321Ebı͗ꜣwell full of water"well"
N42
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𓈟 U+1321Fvariant of N41as N41

O. Buildings, parts of buildings, etc.

51 signs (with variants, U+132501329A).

O1
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O2
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O3
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O4
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O5
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O6
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O7
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O8
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O9
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O10
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O11
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O12
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O13
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O14
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O15
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O16
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O17
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O18
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O19
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O20
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O21
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O22
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O23
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O24
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O25
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O26
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O27
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O28
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O29
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O30
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O31
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O32
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O33
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O34
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O35
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O36
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O37
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O38
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O39
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O40
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O41
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O42
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O43
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O44
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O45
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O46
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O47
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O48
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O49
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O50
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O51
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P. Ships and parts of ships

Expected quantity: 11

P1
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P2
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P3
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P4
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P5
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P6
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P7
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P8
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P9
Gardiner's sign list
P10
Gardiner's sign list
P11
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P12
P12
P13
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P14
P14
P15
P15
P16
P16
P17
P17
P18
P18
P19
P19
P20
P20

Q. Domestics and funerary furniture

Expected quantity: 7

Q1
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Q2
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Q3
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Q4
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Q5
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Q6
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Q7
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Q8
Q8
Q9
Q9
Q10
Q10

R. Temple furniture and sacred emblems

Expected quantity: 25

R1
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R2
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R3
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R4
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R5
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R6
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R7
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R8
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R9
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R10
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R11
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R12
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R13
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R14
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R15
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R16
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R17
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R18
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R19
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R20
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R21
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R22
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R23
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R24
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R25
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R26
R26
R27
R27
R28
R28
R29
R29
R30
R30

S. Crowns, dress, staves, etc.

Expected quantity: 45

S1
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S2
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S3
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S4
Gardiner's sign list
S5
Gardiner's sign list
S6
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S7
Gardiner's sign list
S8
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S9
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S10
Gardiner's sign list
S11
Gardiner's sign list
S12
Gardiner's sign list
S13
Gardiner's sign list
S14
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S15
Gardiner's sign list
S16
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S17
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S18
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S19
Gardiner's sign list
S20
Gardiner's sign list
S21
Gardiner's sign list
S22
Gardiner's sign list
S23
Gardiner's sign list
S24
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S25
Gardiner's sign list
S26
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S27
Gardiner's sign list
S28
Gardiner's sign list
S29
Gardiner's sign list
S30
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S31
Gardiner's sign list
S32
Gardiner's sign list
S33
Gardiner's sign list
S34
Gardiner's sign list
S35
Gardiner's sign list
S36
Gardiner's sign list
S37
Gardiner's sign list
S38
Gardiner's sign list
S39
Gardiner's sign list
S40
Gardiner's sign list
S41
Gardiner's sign list
S42
Gardiner's sign list
S43
Gardiner's sign list
S44
Gardiner's sign list
S45
Gardiner's sign list
S46
S46
S47
S47
S48
S48
S49
S49
S50
S50

T. Warfare, hunting, and butchery

Expected quantity: 35

T1
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T2
Gardiner's sign list
T3
Gardiner's sign list
T4
Gardiner's sign list
T5
Gardiner's sign list
T6
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T7
Gardiner's sign list
T8
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T9
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T10
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T11
Gardiner's sign list
T12
Gardiner's sign list
T13
Gardiner's sign list
T14
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T15
Gardiner's sign list
T16
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T17
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T18
Gardiner's sign list
T19
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T20
Gardiner's sign list
T21
Gardiner's sign list
T22
Gardiner's sign list
T23
Gardiner's sign list
T24
Gardiner's sign list
T25
Gardiner's sign list
T26
Gardiner's sign list
T27
Gardiner's sign list
T28
Gardiner's sign list
T29
Gardiner's sign list
T30
Gardiner's sign list
T31
Gardiner's sign list
T32
Gardiner's sign list
T33
Gardiner's sign list
T34
Gardiner's sign list
T35
Gardiner's sign list
T36
T36
T37
T37
T38
T38
T39
T39
T40
T40

U. Agriculture, crafts, and professions

41 signs.

U1
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U2
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U3
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U4
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U5
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U6
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U7
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U8
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U9
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U10
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U11
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U12
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U13
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U14
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U15
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U16
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U17
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U18
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U19
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U20
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adze on block
stp "cut", "choose"
( stp-n-rꜣ "chosen of Ra")
U21
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U22
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U23
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U24
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U25
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U26
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U27
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U28
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U29
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U30
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U31
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U32
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U33
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U34
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U35
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U36
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U37
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U38
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U39
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U40
Gardiner's sign list
U41
Gardiner's sign list

V. Rope, fiber, baskets, bags, etc.

40 signs (38 in Gardiner 1957). V39 is the Tyet or "Knot of Isis". V40 is the numeral 10 in dates.

V1
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V2
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V3
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V4
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V5
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V6
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V7
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V8
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V9
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V10
Gardiner's sign list
V11
Gardiner's sign list
V12
Gardiner's sign list
V13
Gardiner's sign list
V14
Gardiner's sign list
V15
Gardiner's sign list
V16
Gardiner's sign list
V17
Gardiner's sign list
V18
Gardiner's sign list
V19
Gardiner's sign list
V20
Gardiner's sign list
V21
Gardiner's sign list
V22
Gardiner's sign list
V23
Gardiner's sign list
V24
Gardiner's sign list
V25
Gardiner's sign list
V26
Gardiner's sign list
V27
Gardiner's sign list
V28
Gardiner's sign list
V29
Gardiner's sign list
V30
Gardiner's sign list
V31
Gardiner's sign list
V32
Gardiner's sign list
V33
Gardiner's sign list
V34
Gardiner's sign list
V35
Gardiner's sign list
V36
Gardiner's sign list
V37
Gardiner's sign list
V38
Gardiner's sign list
V39
Gardiner's sign list
V40
V40

W. Vessels of stone and earthenware

25 signs.

W1
Gardiner's sign list
W2
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W3
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W4
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W5
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W6
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W7
Gardiner's sign list
W8
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W9
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W10
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W11
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W12
Gardiner's sign list
W13
Gardiner's sign list
W14
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W15
Gardiner's sign list
W16
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W17
Gardiner's sign list
W18
Gardiner's sign list
W19
Gardiner's sign list
W20
Gardiner's sign list
W21
Gardiner's sign list
W22
Gardiner's sign list
W23
Gardiner's sign list
W24
Gardiner's sign list
W25
Gardiner's sign list

X. Loaves and cakes

8 signs.

X1
Gardiner's sign list

t feminine
X2
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X3
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bread
X4
Gardiner's sign list
X5
Gardiner's sign list

bread, food
X6
Gardiner's sign list

loaf (pAt)
X7
Gardiner's sign list

half-loaf (gSw)
X8
Gardiner's sign list

conical loaf; "give" (di, imi)

Y. Writings, games, music

8 signs.

Y1
Gardiner's sign list

Papyrus
roll-tied
Y2
Gardiner's sign list
Y3
Gardiner's sign list

Scribe
equipment
Y4
Gardiner's sign list
Y5
Gardiner's sign list
Y6
Gardiner's sign list

board
game
piece
Y7
Gardiner's sign list

Y8
Gardiner's sign list

Sistrum

Z. Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical figures

11 signs.

Z1
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Z2
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Z3
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Z4
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Z5
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Z6
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Z7
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Z8
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Z9
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Z10
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Z11
Gardiner's sign list

Aa. Unclassified

31 signs in Gardiner (1957).

Aa1
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Aa2
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Aa3
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Aa4
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Aa5
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Aa6
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Aa7
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Aa8
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Aa9
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Aa10
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Aa11
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Aa12
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Aa13
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Aa14
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Aa15
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Aa16
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Aa17
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Aa18
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Aa19
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Aa20
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Aa21
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Aa22
Gardiner's sign list
Aa23
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Aa24
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Aa25
Gardiner's sign list
Aa26
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Aa27
Gardiner's sign list
Aa28
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Aa29
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Aa30
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Aa31
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Aa32
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Aa33
Aa33
Aa34
Aa34
Aa35
Aa35
Aa36
Aa36
Aa37
Aa37
Aa38
Aa38
Aa39
Aa39
Aa40
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Aa41
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Aa42
Aa42
Aa43
Aa43
Aa44
Aa44
Aa45
Aa45
Aa46
Aa46
Aa47
Aa47
Aa48
Aa48
Aa49
Aa49
Aa50
Aa50

Unicode

𓁄
A059: man threatening with stick
In  Unicode U+013044𓁄EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH A059

These hieroglyphs have unicode code points and so, given a suitable font, can be displayed or printed. The block starts at U+013000 for A001.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hill-country (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The ancient Egyptian Hill-country or "Foreign land" hieroglyph (𓈉) is a member of the sky, earth, and water hieroglyphs. A form of the hieroglyph in color, has a green line-(banding) at the base of the hieroglyph. The hieroglyph refers to the hills, and mountains, on both sides of the Nile River, and thus the green references the verdant black farming land adjacent to the river proper. It is coded N25 in Gardiner's sign list, and U+13209 in Unicode. It is a determinative hieroglyph, simply conveying a meaning, and has no phonetic value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emblem of the West</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The Egyptian hieroglyph Emblem of the West represents the goddess Imentet, personification of the afterlife. It is composed of a hawk or ostrich feather. The alternate version of the symbol contains the complete figure of the hawk, for Horus, with the feather extending sideways, making it similar to the iat standard, surmounted by individual gods. The feather is associated with the headdress worn by the Libyans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The Egyptian hieroglyph representing gold, phonetic value nb, is important due to its use in the Horus-of-Gold name, one of the Fivefold Titulary names of the Egyptian pharaoh.

The ancient Egyptian Branch hieroglyph, also called a Stick, is a member of the trees and plants hieroglyphs.

The ancient Egyptian child hieroglyph is part of the Egyptian Gardiner's Sign List hieroglyphs for the beginning core subgroup of Man and his Occupations. It relates to the child, and childhood, and has a version for the Pharaoh, as a child.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sky (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The ancient Egyptian Sky hieroglyph,, is Gardiner sign listed no. N1, within the Gardiner signs for sky, earth, and water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Townsite-city-region (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The Egyptian hieroglyph Townsite-city-region is Gardiner sign listed no. O49 for the intersection of a town's streets. In some Egyptian hieroglyph books it is called a city plan.

The ancient Egyptian Brazier hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. Q7 for the cooking brazier. It is shown from the Old Kingdom in the style of a vertical burning flame upon four feet, but the hieroglyph has the flame hiding the fourth foot. Another Gardiner unlisted form has the four feet, with no flame, and in a plan view.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spine with fluid (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The use of the Spine with fluid hieroglyph is for words showing "length", as opposed to 'breadth',. Some example words for 'length' are: to be long, length, to extend, extended; and for to expand, to dilate, words like: joy, gladness, pleasure, delight.

The Ancient Egyptian Road-with-shrubs hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. N31 for a road, "street", or pathway. It originally was a curving hieroglyph, but became a standardized straight form as well.

The Ancient Egyptian Swallow hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. G36 for swallow birds. The Sparrow hieroglyph appears similar in size and shape, but it is used to represent small, or bad items.

The ancient Egyptian Grape arbor hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. M43 in Gardiner's subcategory for trees and plants. The hieroglyph shows a horizontal vine with stylized bunches suspended below; each end is supported by the hieroglyph for a "prop", Gardiner no. O30,

The ancient Egyptian Face hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. D2 is a portrayal of the human face, frontal view.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pick (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The ancient Egyptian Pick hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed nos. U17, U18 is a portrayal of a 'pick upon the side view of a block'; it is in the Gardiner subset for agriculture, crafts, and professions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Two whips with shen ring (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The ancient Egyptian Two Whips with Shen ring hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. S23 is a portrayal of the Shen ring with two Egyptian flails-(Crook and flail); it is a member of the Gardiner subset for "crowns, dress, staves, etc".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stair-single (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

In the Egyptian language, the single stair hieroglyph is used as a determinative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Water-jugs-in-stand (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The ancient Egyptian Water-jugs-in-stand hieroglyph, is Gardiner sign listed no. W17, W18, within the Gardiner signs for vessels of stone and earthenware.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bee (hieroglyph)</span> Egyptian hieroglyph

The Egyptian hieroglyph representing a honey bee. It is used as an ideogram for "bee" (bjt), but most frequently as part of the title of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, rendered nswt-bjtj.

The ancient Egyptian Papyrus roll-tied and sealed hieroglyph comes in the common horizontal, or a vertical form. It is juxtaposed against an open scroll, the Papyrus roll-open hieroglyph,

References

  1. Betrò, 1995. Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, Sun with Rays, p. 152.
  2. Fleming; Lothian; (and Fletcher), 1997. The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth, Fergus Fleming, Alan Lothian, and consultant Joann Fletcher. c 1997, Duncan Baird Publishers. (hardcover, ISBN   0-7054-3503-2), 124-126.

Bibliography

Further reading