The Cyprinidae are the family of freshwater fish, collectively called cyprinids, that includes the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives. Also commonly called the "carp family", or "minnow family", Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general, with about 3,000 species of which only 1,270 remain extant, divided into about 370 genera. They range from about 12 mm to the 3-m Catlocarpio siamensis. The family belongs to the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make up more than two-thirds. The family name is derived from the Ancient Greek kyprînos.
The red garra, also known as the doctor fish or nibble fish, is a species of cyprinid that is native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in subtropical parts of Western Asia. This small fish typically is up to about 14 cm (5.5 in) in total length, but locally individuals can reach as much as 24 cm (9.5 in).
The shabout is a species of cyprinid fish also called in English, Persian or Arabic by the alternate common names shirbot and variations shabut, shabboot or shabbout, and in local languages by several other common names. It is a large freshwater carp found in Western Asia, where it inhabits the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, as well as Iranian rivers that flow into the Persian Gulf.
Caecocypris basimi, the Haditha cavefish, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Iraq, only occurring in aquifers near Haditha. This cavefish is the only member of its genus. The species is classed as Critically endangered, possibly extinct, by the IUCN, as there have been no records since 1983 despite a comprehensive survey in 2012. The primary threat is water extraction, which has lowered the groundwater level.
Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 140 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa.
Garra ghorensis, the Jordanian log sucker or Dead Sea garra, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is native to Israel and Jordan, although it is no longer found in Israel. Its natural habitat is freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Garra culiciphaga, the red stripe barb, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It lives in rivers in Syria and Turkey. It has a restricted range, but is not considered to be under threat.
Garra nana is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Israel, Jordan and Syria. Its natural habitats are freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds of the Barada and Jordan River drainage basins, as well as the Kishon River. This bottom-dwelling fish is often overlooked, as it is small and prefers to hide among stones and water plants. It is an omnivore which feeds on aufwuchs. The species was previously placed in the genus Hemigrammocapoeta. It reaches up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in total length.
Garra typhlops, also known as the Iran cave barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to caves in Iran. Like other cave-adapted fish, it is blind and lacks pigmentation.
Crossocheilus klatti, also known as the Isparta minnow or Anatolian golden barb, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Crossocheilus. It is found in the Lake Işıklı basin in the Büyük Menderes drainage in Turkey. There is some confusion regarding the identity of this fish. This poorly known species is closely related to Garra kemali, and likely should be placed in that genus.
Typhlogarra widdowsoni or Garra widdowsoni, the Iraq blind barb or Haditha cave garra, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to underground water systems near Haditha in Iraq. Although traditionally placed in its own genus Typhlogarra, this is not supported by genetic evidence, leading to its move to Garra. This cavefish is considered critically endangered because of water extraction, which has lowered the groundwater level. Once abundant, a survey in 2012 found that it now was very rare. Another species from the same place, Caecocypris basimi, may already be extinct. The only other known cavefish in Iraq is Eidinemacheilus proudlovei.
Garra gotyla is a species of ray-finned fish in the cyprinid family from freshwater in South Asia.
Garra tibanica is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra.
Garra variabilis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra from Lebanon, Turkey, Syria and Iraq.
Capoeta banarescui. the Colchic scraper or Banarescu's barb, is a species of cyprinid fish known from Turkey. It inhabits swiftly flowing water with cobbles and pebbles bottom.
Capoeta ekmekciae, the Grusinian scraper is a kind of freshwater cyprinid fish from Turkey. It is known exclusively from the Çoruh River. It was described as a separate species in 2006.
Capoeta tinca, or the Anatolian khramulya or western fourbarbel scraper, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Turkey, inhabiting swiftly flowing rivers.
Garra elegans, previously Hemigrammocapoeta elegans, is a species of cyprinid fish. It is a benthopelagic freshwater species endemic to the Euphrates – Tigris basin in Western Asia.
The Antakya minnow is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Crossocheilus. There is some confusion regarding the identity of this fish. Fishbase identifies the species as extinct, formerly occupying the Orontes watershed in Turkey, however a synonym, Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculata is identified as least concern by the IUCN, and is found in the Asi drainage in Turkey and Syria and Nahr al-Kabir at the border between Syria and Lebanon, and called the Asi golden barb. They may be distinct species.
