Geophilus sounkyoensis

Last updated

Geophilus sounkyoensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Geophilomorpha
Family: Geophilidae
Genus: Geophilus
Species:
G. sounkyoensis
Binomial name
Geophilus sounkyoensis
Takakuwa, 1937

Geophilus sounkyoensis is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. [1] This centipede is found in Japan and Russia. [2] This species can have either 55 or 57 pairs of legs and can reach 40 mm in length. [3]

Contents

Discovery and distribution

This species was first described in 1937 by the Japanese myriapodologist Yosioki Takakuwa. [3] He based the original description of this species on specimens that included both sexes. [2] [3] These specimens were found in the Sounkyo area on the island of Hokkaido in Japan. [2] [4] Since the discovery of this species, this centipede has also been recorded in the Maritime territory (Primorsky Krai) of the Russian Far East. [2]

Description

This species can reach 40 mm in length. This centipede has a yellow body with a slightly brown anterior. Males of this species have 55 pairs of legs, whereas females have 57 leg pairs. [3]

The clypeus features few bristles. The middle of the labrum features five rounded teeth. [4] The terminal element of the second maxillae is like a claw that is longer than the surrounding setae. The first article of the forcipule is slightly longer than wide. The first three articles of the forcipule lack denticles, but the ultimate article features a denticle at the base. [2] [5]

The anterior sternites feature a projection on the posterior margin and a pit on the anterior margin ("carpophagus" pit). [4] [2] The ventral surface of the anterior leg-bearing segments feature fields of pores that are absent on the posterior segments. These pores are arranged in a band on the posterior part of the sternite with other sparse pores on the anterior part of the sternite. [2] [5] The transverse pore-field is one-half the width of the sternite and has a straight anterior margin but a convex posterior margin. [4]

The sternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment is wider than long. [2] The basal element of each ultimate leg features several pores, with most of them close to the margin of the corresponding sternite, but one large pore is located separately and to the rear of the others. [2] [4] [3] The ultimate legs each end in a claw, and these legs are thicker and more densely covered with bristles in the male than in the female. [4] The telson features anal pores. [2] [5]

This species shares many features with others in the genus Geophilus . For example, like other species in the same genus, this species features teeth on the middle piece of the labrum, transverse bands of pores on the anterior sternites, and claws on the second maxillae and the ultimate legs. [4] [2] [6] Furthermore, as in other Geophilus species, the anterior sternites feature a pit in the middle of the anterior margin, and most of the pores on the ultimate legs are close to the sternite. [4] [2] [7]

This species shares an especially extensive set of traits with G. rhomboideus , another Geophilus species found in Japan and the Russian Far East. For example, not only are most pores on the ultimate legs close to the sternite in both species, but each of the ultimate legs in these species also features a single pore located apart from the others. Furthermore, both of these species feature anal pores. [2]

These two species can be distinguished, however, based on other features. For example, G. rhomboideus has fewer legs (ranging from 43 to 49 pairs) than G. sounkyoensis. Furthermore, the ventral pore-field is shaped like a diamond (that is, a rhombus) in G. rhomboideus but has a straight anterior margin in G. sounkyoensis. Moreover, the isolated pore on the ultimate legs is relatively large in G. sounkyoensis but relatively small in G. rhomboideus. [4]

Related Research Articles

Nannarrup is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae. This genus contains only three species, including the type species Nannarrup hoffmani. Also known as Hoffman's dwarf centipede, N. hoffmani was discovered in Central Park in New York City and was the first new species to be discovered in that park in more than a century. This genus includes the smallest species in the family Mecistocephalidae, with adults measuring about 10 mm in length. Centipedes in this genus have only 41 pairs of legs, the minimum number recorded in this family.

<i>Geophilus hadesi</i> Species of centipede

Geophilus hadesi is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is a troglobite, spending its entire life cycle in a cave environment. This species and Geophilus persephones are the only two troglobites known in the order Geophilomorpha. The species G. hadesi is named after Hades, god of the underworld in Greek mythology and the husband of Persephone, the namesake of the first troglobite discovered among the soil centipedes. The species G. hadesi has been observed in a cave as far as 1,100 meters below the surface, the deepest underground that any centipede has ever been recorded.

<i>Geophilus</i> Genus of centipedes

Geophilus is a large, heterogeneous genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae largely considered to be synonymous with Brachygeophilus. The generic name first appeared in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia in 1814 as Geophilus electricus. This genus has a Holarctic distribution.

Aphilodontinae is a monophyletic group of soil centipedes previously known as the family Aphilodontidae in the order Geophilomorpha. This clade is now considered a subfamily in the family Geophilidae and has been renamed accordingly. This subfamily now includes more than 30 described species distributed among four genera.

Geophilus arenarius is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is found in Algeria. As part of the carpophagus species-complex, this species is closely related to both G. carpophagus and G. easoni.

Geophilus richardi is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is found in France and Monaco in the Western Alps as well as in Italy and the Ionian islands. This species is notable as one of only two in the family Geophilidae to include centipedes with as few as 29 leg pairs. This centipede is also notable for its small size, reaching only 10 mm in length.

Geophilus oligopus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is found in several European countries, including Austria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovenia, and Romania. Although this centipede has been described as having an Alpine-Dinaric distribution, this species has also been found in the Carpathian mountains and may be more widespread than previously thought.

Dinogeophilus oligopodus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 mm in length, the smallest size recorded not only in the order Geophilomorpha but also in any epimorphic order of centipedes. This species is also notable as one of only six species in the order Geophilomorpha to feature only 29 pairs of legs and one of only two species to include females with only 29 pairs, the minimum number recorded for females in this order.

Mecophilus tupiniquim is a species of soil centipede in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This centipede is notable for its small size and modest number of legs. This species is found in Brazil.

Arctogeophilus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophildae. These centipedes are found in subarctic and temperate regions of Asia, North America, and western Europe. The taxon Arctogeophilus was first proposed in 1909 by the Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems as a subgenus within the genus Geophilus. The French zoologist Henri Ribaut elevated Arctogeophilus to the rank of genus in 1910.

Escaryus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Schendylidae. These centipedes are notable as schendylids adapted to colder temperatures and restricted to cool climates and high latitudes. With more than 30 species, this genus is easily the largest group of such centipedes in the family Schendylidae. Most schendylids are limited to tropical or subtropical regions.

Escaryus molodovae is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found on Sakhalin island in the Russian Far East. This species is notable for its small size, reaching only 14 mm in length.

Escaryus polygonatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Maritime territory of the Russian Far East. This species features 39 pair of legs in both sexes and can reach 28 mm in length.

Escaryus vitimicus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Republic of Buryatia in the Russian Far East. This species features 37 pairs of legs in each sex and can reach 27 mm in length.

Alloschizotaenia bipora is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae. This centipede is found in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species was first described in 1952 by the Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems.

Escaryus hirsutus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found on Sakhalin island in the Russian Far East. This species features 37 or 39 pairs of legs in both sexes and can reach 25 mm in length.

Escaryus dentatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Maritime territory of the Russian Far East. This species was first described in 1973 by the Russian myriapodologist Lidia P. Titova.

Escaryus kirgizicus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. As the species name suggests, this centipede is found in Kyrgyzstan. This species is known only from high mountains and is notable for being found at one of the highest altitudes recorded for any centipede in the order Geophilomorpha in Central Asia.

Mesoschendyla picturata is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in South Africa. This species is notable for featuring 63 pairs of legs and for reaching 40 mm in length, which are the maximum numbers for leg number and length recorded in the genus Mesoschendyla.

Mairata itatiaiensis is a species of soil centipede in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This centipede can reach 41 mm in length and can have either 61 or 63 pairs of legs. This species is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.

References

  1. ↑ Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P.; Zapparoli, M. (2016). "Geophilus sounkyoensis Takakuwa, 1937". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Retrieved 2025-01-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Dyachkov, Yurii V.; Bonato, Lucio (2024-04-23). "An updated synthesis of the Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) of Asian Russia". ZooKeys (1198): 17–54 [23, 25–27]. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1198...17D. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1198.119781 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   11061560 . PMID   38693975.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Takakuwa, Yosioki (1937). "The Geophilus-species of Japan". Zoological Magazine, Tokyo (in Japanese). 49 (8): 282–286. Retrieved 7 February 2022– via NDL Digital Collections.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Takakuwa, Yosioki (1937). "Geophilus-Arten aus Japan" (PDF). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society (in German). 15 (2): 76–81 – via Hokkaido University.
  5. 1 2 3 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory; Lewis, John; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis; Shelley, Rowland; Zapparoli, Marzio (2010-11-18). "A common terminology for the external anatomy of centipedes (Chilopoda)". ZooKeys (69): 17–51. Bibcode:2010ZooK...69...17B. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.69.737 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3088443 . PMID   21594038.
  6. ↑ Crabill, Ralph E. (1954). "A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 56: 172–188 [174]. Retrieved 24 October 2021– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. ↑ Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Zapparoli, Marzio (2011). "Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview". In Minelli, Alessandro (ed.). The Myriapoda. Volume 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 363–443 [414]. ISBN   978-90-04-18826-6. OCLC   812207443.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.