The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species count numbers at least 508. Their distribution includes much of the New World, but the genera are predominantly South American, such as brucies. They invaded South America from Central America as part of the Great American Interchange near the end of the Miocene, about 5 million years ago. Sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent. They inhabit many of the same ecological niches that the Murinae occupy in the Old World.
The gray leaf-eared mouse is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay; its habitat includes the Gran Chaco.
The friendly leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Peru.
Phyllotis is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. These mice are commonly confused with Auliscomys, Graomys and Loxodontomys.. In order to tell these genera apart, one must look at the tail. Species in the genus Phyllotis have a penicillate tip on their tail which is not present in the other two genera. Tails in the genus Phyllotis are also less than the length of its head and body combined whereas in Graomys, tails are longer than the head and body combined. Phyllotis xanthopygus was found at the summit of Volcán Llullaillaco, which is the highest altitude a mammal has yet been found in nature.
The Andean leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Argentina.
The capricorn leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
Darwin's leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
The definitive leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in west central Peru, in rocky and shrub-covered areas at elevations between 2600 and 3000 m.
Haggard's leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Ecuador.
The master leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Chile and Peru.
Osgood's leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in the Altiplano of northeastern Chile. The species is named after American zoologist Wilfred Hudson Osgood.
The bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Wolffsohn's leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Bolivia.
The yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse, otherwise known as the Patagonian leaf-eared mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae and order Rodentia. It is the most widespread member of the genus.
Geoxus annectens, also known as Pearson's long-clawed akodont or Pearson's long-clawed mouse, is a species of rodent in the tribe Abrotrichini of family Cricetidae. Molecular data suggests that its closest relative is Geoxus valdivianus. Formerly classified in its own genus, Pearsonomys, named after American zoologist Oliver Payne Pearson, it was moved to Geoxus in 2016 after a morphological and genetic reevaluation of the tribe Abrotrichini. This rodent is endemic to Chile, where it is found in Nothofagus forest of the Valdivian temperate rainforest ecoregion.
The Lima leaf-eared mouse or Lima pericote is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats on the western slopes of the Andes from northern Chile to west-central Peru at elevations from sea level to 4000 m.
Anita's leaf-eared mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It was discovered in Tucumán Province in northwestern Argentina in alder forest of the upper part of the Southern Andean Yungas ecoregion, on the eastern slopes of the Andes. The species is terrestrial and nocturnal, and was named after American zoologist Anita K. Pearson. It appears to be most closely related to the bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse.
The delicate salt flat mouse, Salinomys delicatus, is a sigmodontine rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America. It is the only species in the genus Salinomys. Its habitat is scrublands bordering salt flats in the Monte Desert area of central western Argentina at elevations around 400 m. The closest relatives of the species are the chaco mice (Andalgalomys).
Micronycteris giovanniae is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Ecuador.
