Germar Rudolf

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Germar Rudolf
Born (1964-10-29) 29 October 1964 (age 60)
Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse, West Germany
EducationDegree in chemistry
Occupation(s) Author, Publisher
Known for Holocaust denial
Criminal chargesConvicted for inciting racial hatred

Germar Rudolf (born 29 October 1964), also known as Germar Scheerer, [1] [2] is a German chemist and a convicted Holocaust denier. [3]

Contents

Background

Rudolf was born in Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse. In 1983 he took his Abitur in Remscheid, then studied chemistry in Bonn, graduating in 1989 with a master's degree. [4] As a student, he joined the A.V. Tuisconia Königsberg zu Bonn and the K.D.St.V. Nordgau Prag zu Stuttgart, Catholic fraternities belonging to the Cartellverband. According to the website “Informationsdienst gegen Rechtsextremismus” (Information service against right-wing extremism), Rudolf was in 1985, a member of Schlesische Jugend (Silesian Youth), the youth section of the association The Landsmannschaft Schlesien - Nieder- und Oberschlesien e.V. ("Territorial Association of Silesia - Lower and Upper Silesia"). [5] Still according to the site Informationsdienst gegen Rechtsextremismus, Rudolf participated the year after, at the Reichsgründungskommers (Reich Foundation Parties) of the ultra-nationalist student association Verein deutscher Studenten (VDSt, German Student League). [5] In 1989, he also took on editorial responsibilities in the German newspaper of New Right Junge Freiheit , and was an author in the far-right journals: Staatsbriefe, Sleipnir, Deutschland in Geschichte und Gegenwart. [6] After supporting the CSU/CDU, he became a member of the Republicans. [1] After his military service with the German Air Force, in October 1990 he joined the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research at Stuttgart, where he prepared a PhD thesis. [7]

The "Rudolf Report"

In 1991, Rudolf began work on a paper entitled Report on the formation and verifiability of cyanide compounds in the Auschwitz "gas chambers" on behalf of the attorney of Otto Ernst Remer, a former Wehrmacht general charged with Volksverhetzung (inciting hatred). In 1993, this work was reported in the media. Rudolf was dismissed when his superiors discovered that he had used notepaper from the Max Planck institute to commission the Institute Fresenius to analyze his samples from Auschwitz. In 1994, this dismissal was converted into a termination by mutual agreement. [8] In 1996, the University of Stuttgart asked Rudolf to withdraw his application for a final PhD examination, or it would be denied, rendering his PhD thesis worthless. The legal basis for this is a German law which allows universities to deny or withdraw academic degrees where the candidate has used his academic credentials or knowledge to commit a crime. Rudolf has no Ph.D. [9]

Between 1991 and 1994, Hajo Herrmann and other lawyers used Rudolf's Auschwitz report to defend several Holocaust deniers. Rudolf knew his work would be associated with Holocaust denial, but insisted that they had a right to legal defense. Among other things, Rudolf's report claims that only insignificant traces of cyanide compounds can be found in the samples taken from Auschwitz. [10] [11] However, Richard Green and Jamie McCarthy from The Holocaust History Project, Robert Jan van Pelt from Holocaust Denial on Trial, and Till Bastian in his book "Auschwitz und die 'Auschwitz-Lüge'" have criticized the report, saying that, among other things, like Fred Leuchter in his report, Rudolf did not discriminate against the formation of iron-based cyanide compounds, which are not a reliable indicator of the presence of cyanide, so that his experiment was seriously flawed. [6] [12] [13] [14]

Criminal convictions

In 1995, Rudolf was sentenced to 14 months in prison by the district court of Stuttgart for "inciting racial hatred" via the "Rudolf Report", as Holocaust denial is a criminal offence in Germany. [15] Rudolf avoided prison by fleeing to Spain, England, and finally to the United States. [4] His first marriage was to a German national with whom he had two children, and they settled at Hastings in England, until he and his wife divorced and she returned to Germany with their children. [16]

On 11 September 2004, Rudolf married a US citizen and settled in Chicago; the couple later had a child. [17] He applied for political asylum, or at least for the right not to be expelled, but this was rejected in November 2004 on the basis that the application had no merits and was a case of frivolous litigation. Rudolf appealed against this ruling, and in early 2006 the US Federal Court in Atlanta found that his application was not "frivolous", but upheld the decision that it had no merit. [18] The Immigration Services said that Rudolf did not have a right to file an application to remain with his family. On 14 November 2005, Rudolf was deported to Germany where he was wanted for incitement of racial hatred ( Volksverhetzung ). [19] On arrival there, he was arrested by the police and transferred to a prison in Rottenburg, then to another in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg.[ citation needed ]

On 15 March 2007, the Mannheim District Court sentenced him to two years and six months in prison for inciting hatred, disparaging the dead, and libel. [15] Rudolf accepted the verdict, and copies of his "Lectures on the Holocaust" were confiscated. [20] He was released from prison on 5 July 2009 and now lives in the US with his wife and daughter. [21]

In July 2019, Rudolf was arrested near his home in Red Lion, Pennsylvania for "open lewdness" after being found exercising at 4:06 a.m. in a public park "naked from the waist down." He was later found guilty of indecent exposure and open lewdness, for which he was sentenced to two years of probation. [21] [22]

Publications

After Rudolf was dismissed from the Max Planck Institute, he began to publish books promoting Holocaust denial. He founded Castle Hill Publishers [23] in 1997 [4] based in Hastings, England with Theses & Dissertations Press as its American outlet. In 2000, Rudolf initiated an English language Holocaust Handbooks Series, a series of Holocaust denial titles which, as of 2013, encompassed 25 titles. Furthermore, Rudolf is closely associated with the Belgian Holocaust denial organization Vrij Historisch Onderzoek (VHO). [2] He also runs the VHO's website which is interlinked with the website of Bradley Smith's Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust (CODOH). [7] Until his arrest in late 2005, he published the now defunct "Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung" (Quarterly journal for free historical research) [24] , described by the German Office for the Protection of the Constitution as "a right-wing extremist organ." [25]

Selected publications

References

  1. 1 2 Mentel, Christian (2009). Rudolf, Germar. In Benz, Wolfgang, ed. Handbuch Des Antisemitismus Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte Und Gegenwart. Band 2, Personen. De Gruyter Saur. pp. 701–702. ISBN   9783598441592.
  2. 1 2 Long, Anthony (2002). "Forgetting the Führer: the recent history of the Holocaust denial movement in Germany" . Australian Journal of Politics and History. 48 (1): 72–84. doi:10.1111/1467-8497.00253.
  3. ↑ "A German court sentenced Holocaust denier Germar Rudolf to two and a half years in prison for inciting racial hatred in publications and Web sites which "systematically" called into question the Nazi genocide." "German Holocaust Denier Imprisoned for Inciting Racial Hatred", Deutsche Welle , 16 February 2007.
  4. 1 2 3 Atkins, Stephen E. (2009). Holocaust Denial as an International Movement. Westport, CT & London: Praeger. pp. 112–114. ISBN   9780313345388.
  5. 1 2 IDGR - Informationsdienst gegen Rechtsextremismus. "Germar Rudolf - Biography".
  6. 1 2 Green, Richard J. "Chemistry is Not the Science: Rudolf, Rhetoric, and Reduction". Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2008.
  7. 1 2 Grumke,Thomas; Wagner,Bernd, eds. (2002). Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus. Opladen: Leske und Budrich. pp. 133, 312–314. ISBN   978-3-8100-3399-4.
  8. ↑ Abbot, Allison (1994). "Holocaust denial research disclaimed" (PDF). Nature. 368 (6471): 483. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..483A. doi:10.1038/368483a0.
  9. ↑ Pelt, Robert Jan (4 February 2002). The Case for Auschwitz: Evidence from the Irving Trial. Indiana University Press. p. 504. ISBN   978-0-253-34016-0 . Retrieved 29 October 2024. For the record: Rudolf does not hold a Ph.D.
  10. ↑ "The Chemistry of Auschwitz". Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
  11. ↑ "Leuchter, Rudolf, and the Iron Blues". Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  12. ↑ alsalin (3 May 2016). "Appeal: Outline submissions on behalf of the First Defendant by Richard Rampton". Holocaust Denial on Trial. Retrieved 25 July 2025.
  13. ↑ kmccar6 (1 September 2016). "The Van Pelt Report by Robert Jan van Pelt". Holocaust Denial on Trial. Retrieved 22 August 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ Bastian, Till (1997). Auschwitz und die "Auschwitz-Lüge": Massenmord und Geschichtsfälschung (in German). C.H.Beck. ISBN   978-3-406-43155-5.
  15. 1 2 Lewy, Guenter (2014). Outlawing Genocide Denial. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press. pp. 33–35. ISBN   9781607813743.
  16. ↑ A Rebel at germarrudolf.com, accessed 27 October 2015
  17. ↑ David Cole, Republican Party Animal: The "Bad Boy of Holocaust History" Blows the Lid (2014), p. 120
  18. ↑ US Court of Appeals, Eleventh District (15 January 2008). "Scheerer v. Chertoff DHS".
  19. ↑ "2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Germany," US Department of State (6 March 2007)
  20. ↑ N24 (15 March 2007). "Haft für Holocaust-Leugner". N24. Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. 1 2 Argento, Mike. "Red Lion man charged with open lewdness is an internationally known Holocaust denier". York Daily Record . Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  22. ↑ Segelbaum, Dylan. "Convicted Holocaust denier who was 'naked from the waist down' found guilty in York County". York Daily Record. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  23. ↑ Kamm, Oliver (11 December 2014). "'Respectable' revisionists". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  24. ↑ Mentel, Christian; Virchow, Fabian (2013). Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung (Belgien/ Großbritannien, 1997–2007). In Benz, Wolfgang, ed. Handbuch Des Antisemitismus Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte Und Gegenwart. Band 6, Publikationen. De Gruyter Saur. pp. 730–732. ISBN   978-3-11-030535-7.
  25. ↑ Annual Report of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution 2002 Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Right-Wing Extremist Activities, VII. Revisionism, “German revisionist uses foreign press for agitation,” Page 84.
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