Girsh Blumberg

Last updated
Girsh Blumberg
Born (1959-02-06) February 6, 1959 (age 65)
Viljandi, Estonia
NationalityFlag of Estonia.svg  Estonia/Flag of the United States.svg  US
Alma mater Tartu University
Known for Raman spectroscopy
Superconductivity
Quantum magnetism
AwardsElected Fellow of the AAAS and APS
Scientific career
Fields Condensed matter experiment
Institutions Rutgers University
Doctoral advisor Ljubov A. Rebane

Girsh Blumberg is an Estonian-American physicist working in the experimental physics fields of condensed matter physics, spectroscopy, nano-optics, and plasmonics. Blumberg is an elected fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), [1] an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (FAAAS) , [2] and a Distinguished Professor of Physics at Rutgers University.

Girsh Blumberg is best known for his contribution to electronic Raman scattering studies in strongly correlated electron systems, superconductors and quantum spin systems. He has co-authored over 100 publications and is inventor on over 30 patents in the fields of electronic and optical devices, spectroscopy and nano-plasmonics. He and his collaborators made the first observation of the Leggett mode in multiband superconductors, [3] have observed Wigner crystallization in strongly interacting quantum spin ladder systems, [4] [5] have explained long-standing puzzle of the “Hidden Order” in URu2Si2 heavy fermion compound, [6] [7] have made a discovery of the chiral spin waves on the surface of topological insulators, [8] to name a few.

Biography

Girsh Blumberg was raised in Viljandi, Estonia of educator parents, along with his two sisters Riina and Liia. [9] Blumberg graduated from secondary school in 1976 with gold medal and then, in 1981, with M.Sc. cum laude from University of Tartu. He completed his Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics from Physics Institute of the Estonian Academy of Sciences in 1987. [10] Starting from 1981 he was first a research, and later a senior research scientist at the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics in Tallinn, Estonia. Between 1992 and 1998 Blumberg was Visiting Research Assistant Professor of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Superconductivity (NSF-STCS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 1998 he joined Bell Labs before joining the faculty at Rutgers University in 2008. [11]

Related Research Articles

Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which is not explained by the usual BCS theory or its extension, the Eliashberg theory. The pairing in unconventional superconductors may originate from some other mechanism than the electron–phonon interaction. Alternatively, a superconductor is called unconventional if the superconducting order parameter transforms according to a non-trivial irreducible representation of the point group or space group of the system.

Metallic hydrogen is a phase of hydrogen in which it behaves like an electrical conductor. This phase was predicted in 1935 on theoretical grounds by Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Topological order</span> Type of order at absolute zero

In physics, topological order is a kind of order in the zero-temperature phase of matter. Macroscopically, topological order is defined and described by robust ground state degeneracy and quantized non-abelian geometric phases of degenerate ground states. Microscopically, topological orders correspond to patterns of long-range quantum entanglement. States with different topological orders cannot change into each other without a phase transition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Majorana fermion</span> Fermion that is its own antiparticle

A Majorana fermion, also referred to as a Majorana particle, is a fermion that is its own antiparticle. They were hypothesised by Ettore Majorana in 1937. The term is sometimes used in opposition to a Dirac fermion, which describes fermions that are not their own antiparticles.

The quantum spin Hall state is a state of matter proposed to exist in special, two-dimensional semiconductors that have a quantized spin-Hall conductance and a vanishing charge-Hall conductance. The quantum spin Hall state of matter is the cousin of the integer quantum Hall state, and that does not require the application of a large magnetic field. The quantum spin Hall state does not break charge conservation symmetry and spin- conservation symmetry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iron-based superconductor</span>

Iron-based superconductors (FeSC) are iron-containing chemical compounds whose superconducting properties were discovered in 2006. In 2008, led by recently discovered iron pnictide compounds, they were in the first stages of experimentation and implementation..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">122 iron arsenide</span>

The 122 iron arsenide unconventional superconductors are part of a new class of iron-based superconductors. They form in the tetragonal I4/mmm, ThCr2Si2 type, crystal structure. The shorthand name "122" comes from their stoichiometry; the 122s have the chemical formula AEFe2Pn2, where AE stands for alkaline earth metal (Ca, Ba Sr or Eu) and Pn is pnictide (As, P, etc.). These materials become superconducting under pressure and also upon doping. The maximum superconducting transition temperature found to date is 38 K in the Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2. The microscopic description of superconductivity in the 122s is yet unclear.

Heavy fermion superconductors are a type of unconventional superconductor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hughes–Drever experiment</span>

Hughes–Drever experiments are spectroscopic tests of the isotropy of mass and space. Although originally conceived of as a test of Mach's principle, they are now understood to be an important test of Lorentz invariance. As in Michelson–Morley experiments, the existence of a preferred frame of reference or other deviations from Lorentz invariance can be tested, which also affects the validity of the equivalence principle. Thus these experiments concern fundamental aspects of both special and general relativity. Unlike Michelson–Morley type experiments, Hughes–Drever experiments test the isotropy of the interactions of matter itself, that is, of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The accuracy achieved makes this kind of experiment one of the most accurate confirmations of relativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Distrontium ruthenate</span> Chemical compound

Distrontium ruthenate, also known as strontium ruthenate, is an oxide of strontium and ruthenium with the chemical formula Sr2RuO4. It was the first reported perovskite superconductor that did not contain copper. Strontium ruthenate is structurally very similar to the high-temperature cuprate superconductors, and in particular, is almost identical to the lanthanum doped superconductor (La, Sr)2CuO4. However, the transition temperature for the superconducting phase transition is 0.93 K (about 1.5 K for the best sample), which is much lower than the corresponding value for cuprates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Time crystal</span> Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter

In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. Time crystals were first proposed theoretically by Frank Wilczek in 2012 as a time-based analogue to common crystals – whereas the atoms in crystals are arranged periodically in space, the atoms in a time crystal are arranged periodically in both space and time. Several different groups have demonstrated matter with stable periodic evolution in systems that are periodically driven. In terms of practical use, time crystals may one day be used as quantum computer memory.

CeCoIn5 ("Cerium-Cobalt-Indium 5") is a heavy-fermion superconductor with a layered crystal structure, with somewhat two-dimensional electronic transport properties. The critical temperature of 2.3 K is the highest among all of the Ce-based heavy-fermion superconductors.

Dimitri Roditchev is a French physicist of Russian-Ukrainian origin, specializing in electronic properties of nano-materials, superconductors, electron transport, and quantum tunneling phenomena. He is a professor at ESPCI ParisTech and a research director at CNRS.

Uranium ruthenium silicide (URu2Si2) is a heavy fermion alloy composed of uranium, ruthenium, and silicon. URu2Si2 has the same '122' tetragonal crystal structure as many other compounds of present condensed matter research. URu2Si2 is a superconductor with a hastatic order (HO) phase below a temperature of 17.5 K. Below this temperature, it is magnetic, and below about 1.5 K it superconducts. However, the nature of the ordered phase below 17.5K is still under debate despite a wide variety of scenarios that have been proposed to explain this phase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dirac cone</span> Quantum effect in some non-metals

In physics, Dirac cones are features that occur in some electronic band structures that describe unusual electron transport properties of materials like graphene and topological insulators. In these materials, at energies near the Fermi level, the valence band and conduction band take the shape of the upper and lower halves of a conical surface, meeting at what are called Dirac points.

Eva Yocheved Andrei is an American condensed matter physicist, a Distinguished Professor, and a Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University. Her research focuses on emergent properties of matter arising from the collective behavior of many particles, especially low-dimensional phenomena under low temperatures and high magnetic fields.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopfion</span> Topological soliton

A hopfion is a topological soliton. It is a stable three-dimensional localised configuration of a three-component field with a knotted topological structure. They are the three-dimensional counterparts of 2D skyrmions, which exhibit similar topological properties in 2D. Hopfions are widely studied in many physical systems over the last half century, as summarized here http://hopfion.com

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Golubov</span> Russian physicist

Alexander Avraamovitch Golubov is a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor at the University of Twente (Netherlands). He specializes in condensed matter physics with the focus on theory of electronic transport in superconducting devices. He made key contributions to theory of Josephson effect in novel superconducting materials and hybrid structures, and to theory of multiband superconductivity.

David Leslie Andrews,, is a British scientist appointed as Professor of Chemical Physics at the University of East Anglia, where he was the Head of Chemical Sciences and Physics, from 1996 to 1999.

Christopher John Pethick is a British theoretical physicist, specializing in many-body theory, ultra-cold atomic gases, and the physics of neutron stars and stellar collapse.

References

  1. "APS Fellow Archive. Citation: For his seminal contributions to elucidating the physics of spin, charge and superconducting correlations in 1D and 2D complex oxide compounds using Raman scattering techniques". American Physical Society . Retrieved March 1, 2006.
  2. "Elected AAAS Fellow in 2018. Citation: For distinguished contributions to the field of spectroscopy of electron systems with strong correlations, particularly for Raman spectroscopy of superconductors and quantum magnets". American Association for the Advancement of Science . Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  3. Blumberg, G.; Mialitsin, A.; Dennis, B.S.; Klein, M.V.; Zhigaldo, N.D.; Karpinski, J. (2007). "Observation of Leggett's Collective Mode in a Multiband MgB2 Superconductor". Physical Review Letters. 99 (22): 227002. arXiv: 0710.2803 . Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99v7002B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227002. PMID   18233316. S2CID   15208599.
  4. Blumberg, G.; Littlewood, P.; Gozar, A.; Dennis, B.S.; Motoyama, N.; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S. (2002). "Sliding Density-Wave in Sr14Cu24O41 Ladder Compounds". Science . 297 (5581): 547–587. arXiv: cond-mat/0207666 . Bibcode:2002Sci...297..584B. doi:10.1126/science.1070481. PMID   12142532. S2CID   5747865.
  5. Abbamonte, P.; Blumberg, G.; Rusydi, A.; Gozar, A.; Evans, P.G.; Siegrist, T.; Venema, L.; Eisaki, H.; Isaacs, E.D.; Sawatzky, G.A. (2004). "Crystallization of charge holes in the spin ladder of Sr14Cu24O41". Nature . 431 (7012): 1078–1081. arXiv: cond-mat/0501087 . Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1078A. doi:10.1038/nature02925. PMID   15510143. S2CID   4415692.
  6. Kung, H.-H.; Baumbach, R.E.; Bauer, E.D.; Thorsmølle, V.K.; Zhang, W.-L.; Haule, K.; Mydosh, J.A.; Blumberg, G. (2015). "Chirality density wave of the "hidden order" phase in URu2 Si2". Science . 347 (6228): 1339–1342. arXiv: 1410.6398 . Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1339K. doi:10.1126/science.1259729. PMID   25678557. S2CID   30976070.
  7. Kung, H.-H.; Ran, S.; Kanchanavatee, N.; Krapvin, V.; Lee, A.; Mydosh, J.A.; Haule, K.; Maple, M.B.; Blumberg, G. (2016). "Analogy Between the "Hidden Order" and the Orbital Antiferromagnetism in URu2-xFexSi2". Physical Review Letters. 117 (22): 227601. arXiv: 1608.01748 . Bibcode:2016PhRvL.117v7601K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.227601. PMID   27925725. S2CID   29468146.
  8. Kung, H.-H.; Maiti, S.; Wang, X.; Cheong, S.-W.; Maslov, D.L.; Blumberg, G. (2017). "Chiral Spin Mode on the Surface of a Topological Insulator". Physical Review Letters. 119 (13): 136802. arXiv: 1706.05776 . Bibcode:2017PhRvL.119m6802K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.136802. PMID   29341673. S2CID   35024953.
  9. Sarv, Tiina (December 18, 2004). "Tartu haridusega USA tipplaboris". Sakala (in Estonian). Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  10. "Girsh Blumberg". Etis.ee. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  11. "Girsh Blumberg". Rutgers University . Retrieved January 4, 2020.