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Gliese 876 is a red dwarf star 15.2 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. It is one of the closest known stars to the Sun confirmed to possess a planetary system with more than two planets, after GJ 1061, YZ Ceti, Tau Ceti, and Wolf 1061; as of 2018, four extrasolar planets have been found to orbit the star. The planetary system is also notable for the orbital properties of its planets. It is the only known system of orbital companions to exhibit a near-triple conjunction in the rare phenomenon of Laplace resonance. It is also the first extrasolar system around a normal star with measured coplanarity. While planets b and c are located in the system's habitable zone, they are giant planets believed to be analogous to Jupiter.
HD 28185 b is an extrasolar planet 128 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. The planet was discovered orbiting the Sun-like star HD 28185 in April 2001 as a part of the CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets, and its existence was independently confirmed by the Magellan Planet Search Survey in 2008. HD 28185 b orbits its sun in a circular orbit that is at the inner edge of its star's habitable zone.
Gliese 581b or Gl 581b is an exoplanet orbiting within the Gliese 581 system. It is the first planet discovered of three confirmed in the system so far, and the second in order from the star.
Gliese 876 d is an exoplanet 15.2 light-years away in the constellation of Aquarius. The planet was the third planet discovered orbiting the red dwarf Gliese 876, and is the innermost planet in the system. It was the lowest-mass known exoplanet apart from the pulsar planets orbiting PSR B1257+12 at the time of its discovery. Due to its low mass, it can be categorized as a super-Earth.
Gliese 876 c is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf Gliese 876, taking about 30 days to complete an orbit. The planet was discovered in April 2001 and is the second planet in order of increasing distance from its star.
Gliese 876 b is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf Gliese 876. It completes one orbit in approximately 61 days. Discovered in June 1998, Gliese 876 b was the first planet to be discovered orbiting a red dwarf.
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
Gliese 849, or GJ 849, is a small, solitary star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It has a reddish hue and is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 10.41. The distance to this star is 28.8 light-years based on parallax, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −15.3 km/s. It has a pair of confirmed gas giant companions.
Gliese 86 is a K-type main-sequence star approximately 35 light-years away in the constellation of Eridanus. It has been confirmed that a white dwarf orbits the primary star. In 1998 the European Southern Observatory announced that an extrasolar planet was orbiting the star.
HIP 14810 c is an extrasolar planet approximately 165 light-years away in the constellation of Aries. This planet has mass at least 1.28 times that of Jupiter and orbits at 0.545 AU in an eccentric orbit. The planet was discovered by the N2K Consortium in 2006 and announced in a paper published in 2007. With the discovery of a third planet in the system which was announced in 2009, the parameters of this planet were revised.
HD 109749 b is an extrasolar planet that takes only 5.24 days to orbit the star HD 109749 at a distance of 0.063 AU. It was discovered on August 22, 2005, the same day as Gliese 581 b.
Gliese 849 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 29 light years away in the constellation of Aquarius. It is the first long-period Jupiter-like planet discovered around a red dwarf, announced in August 2006 by the California and Carnegie Planet Search team using the radial velocity technique. The previously longest-period Jupiter-like planet around a red dwarf was Gliese 876 b. There are, however, two disproven longer period Jupiter-like planets around Lalande 21185. There are indications of a possible second companion. The planet's mass is less than that of Jupiter, though only the minimum mass is known. The distance of the planet is 2.35 AU and it takes 5.17 years to revolve in a circular orbit.
HD 73534 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type subgiant star HD 73534, located approximately 272 light years away in the constellation Cancer. It is at least 15% more massive than Jupiter and orbits at an average distance of 3.15 AU and takes 4.9 years to complete the orbit in a nearly circular path with an eccentricity similar to Jupiter. This planet was detected by radial velocity method on August 12, 2009.
HD 34445 is a star in the equatorial constellation of Orion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 7.31, it is a 7th magnitude star that is too dim to be readily visible to the naked eye. The system is located at a distance of 150.5 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a high radial velocity of −79 km/s. It is expected to draw as close as 57.5 light-years in ~492,000 years.
HD 34445 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type star HD 34445, located approximately 150.5 light years away in the constellation Orion. This planet was discovered in 2004 and finally confirmed in 2009. This planet has a minimum mass two-thirds that of Jupiter and orbits about 2 AU from the parent star. However this planet orbits in a very eccentric path. The planet's distance from the star ranges from 0.86 to 3.16 AU however it spends its full orbit within the star's habitable zone.
HD 126614 is a trinary star system in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. The primary member, designated component A, is host to an exoplanetary companion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.81, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. The system is located at a distance of 239 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −33 km/s.
HD 126614 Ab, or simply HD 126614 b, is an extrasolar planet which orbits the primary K-type star HD 126614 A, located approximately 240 light years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered on November 13, 2009. However, this planet has a highly eccentric orbit around its parent star. The planetary distance ranges from 0.94 AU to 3.61 AU. HD 126614 A also has the highest metallicity of any star hosting any exoplanets, at +0.56 dex.
HD 13931 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type star HD 13931, located approximately 155 light years away in the constellation Andromeda. This planet takes 11.55 years to orbit the star at the average distance of 5.15 AU or 770 Gm. The planet's eccentricity (0.02) is about the same as Earth. The orbital distance for this planet ranges from 5.05 to 5.25 AU. This planet was discovered by using radial velocity method from spectrograph taken at Keck Observatory on November 13, 2009.
Gliese 179 is a small red dwarf star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is much too faint to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 11.94. The system is located at a distance of 40.5 light-years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of –9 km/s. It is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.370″·yr−1.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 April 2024, there are 5,653 confirmed exoplanets in 4,161 planetary systems, with 896 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
References
- 1 2 Howard, Andrew W.; et al. (2010). "The California Planet Survey. I. Four New Giant Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2): 1467–1481. arXiv: 1003.3488 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1467H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1467. S2CID 14147776.
- 1 2 3 Xiao, Guang-Yao; Liu, Yu-Juan; et al. (March 2023). "The Masses of a Sample of Radial-Velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics . arXiv: 2303.12409 .
- Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet Gl 179 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
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