The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as a major party in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Madhesh Province is a Nepalese province in southeastern Nepal. It was formed after the adoption of the Constitution of Nepal. It borders Koshi Pradesh to the east, Bagmati Province to the north, and India’s Bihar state to the south. It has an area of 9,661 km2 (3,730 sq mi) covering about 6.5% of the country's total area. It has a population of 6,126,288 as per the 2021 Nepal census, making it Nepal's most densely populated province and smallest province by area.
The provinces of Nepal are governed by provincial governments which form the second level of governance in the country; after the federal government. The provincial governments are established, and their structure is defined by Part 13 of the Constitution of Nepal.
In the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, a governor is the constitutional head of each of the seven provinces. The governor is appointed by the president of Nepal recommended by federal cabinet for a term of five years, and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor is de jure head of the provincial government; all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name. However, the governor must act on the advice of the popularly elected council of ministers, headed by the chief minister, which thus holds de facto executive authority at the province-level. The Constitution of Nepal also empowers the governor to act upon his or her own discretion, such as the ability to appoint or dismiss a ministry, recommend president's rule for the president's assent.
The Government of Madhesh Province, known locally as the Province Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Nepalese province of Madhesh Province which consists of 8 districts.
The People's Socialist Party, Nepal, also known as Janata Samajbadi Party is the sixth-largest political party in Nepal. Since the 2022 local election, the party has been limited to stand only as the third largest party of Madhesh Province after the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) respectively. Recently the party faced multiple splits under Mahantha Thakur, Baburam Bhattarai, Mahendra Ray Yadav and Resham Lal Chaudhary.
Events in the year 2021 in Nepal.
In Nepal, the chief minister is the elected head of government of each of the seven provinces. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the provinces according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal.
The chief minister of Bagmati Province is the chief executive of the Nepal state of Bagmati Province. The position was created in 2018. As of January 2023, Bagmati has had three chief ministers.
The Chief Minister of Gandaki Province is the head of government of the Gandaki Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the provinces according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits, given that he has the confidence of the assembly.
The Chief Minister of Lumbini Province is the head of government of the Lumbini Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the provinces according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits, given that he has the confidence of the assembly.
The Chief Minister of the Sudupashchim Province is the head of government of the Sudurpashchim Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the provinces according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits, given that he has the confidence of the assembly.
Hari Shankar Mishra is the current Governor of Madhesh Province. He was appointed Governor, as per the Article 163 (2) of the Constitution of Nepal by the President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 17 August 2021. He is a former member of House of representatives.
At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal.
The Chief Minister of Madhesh Province is the head of government of the Madhesh Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the provinces according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits, given that he has the confidence of the assembly.
The deputy chief minister of Madhesh Province is the deputy head of the executive branch of the Government of Madhesh Province and the second highest ranking minister of the Council of Minister.
The first Madhesh Provincial Assembly was elected by the 2017 provincial elections. 107 members were elected to the assembly, 64 of whom were elected through direct elections and 43 of whom were elected through the party list proportional representation system. The term of the assembly started on 4 February 2018 and ended in September 2022. Lalbabu Raut from the People's Socialist Party served as the chief minister during the term of the assembly. Saroj Kumar Yadav served as the speaker of the assembly and Upama Kumari Dev served as the deputy speaker.
The first Lumbini Provincial Assembly was elected by the 2017 provincial elections. 87 members were elected to the assembly, 52 of whom were elected through direct elections and 35 of whom were elected through the party list proportional representation system. The term of the assembly started on 4 February 2018 and ended in September 2022. Shankar Pokharel from the CPN (UML) and Kul Prasad KC from the CPN served as chief ministers during the term of the assembly. Purna Bahadur Gharti served as the speaker of the assembly and Krishni Tharu served as the deputy speaker.
The Governor of Koshi Province is the nominal head of state of the Koshi Province of Nepal and a representative of the President of Nepal. The governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The governor's powers are mostly ceremonial and the executive powers of the governor are exercised by the chief minister of Koshi Province, who is the head of the executive of the state government of Koshi Province.
The Government of Koshi, known locally as the Provincial Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Koshi Province which consists of 14 districts.
