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Graham E. Fuller | |
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Born | November 28, 1937 |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | Harvard University |
Occupation(s) | Political analyst, author |
Children | Melissa Fuller, Samantha Fuller, Luke Fuller |
Family | Mercedes Fuller, Reeve Haefele, Cian Haefele (grandchildren) |
Website | grahamefuller |
Graham E. Fuller (born November 28, 1937) is an American author and political analyst, specializing in Islamist extremism. [1] Formerly vice-chair of the National Intelligence Council, [2] he also served as Station Chief in Kabul for the CIA. A "think piece" that Fuller wrote for the CIA was identified as instrumental in leading to the Iran–Contra affair. [3] [4]
After a career in the United States State Department and CIA lasting 27 years, [5] he joined Rand Corporation as senior political scientist specializing in the Middle East. [3] [6] [7] As of 2006, he was affiliated with the Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia, as an adjunct professor of history. [8] He is the author of a number of books, including The Future of Political Islam. [9]
Fuller attended Harvard University, where he earned first a BA and then a MA degree in Russian and Middle Eastern Studies. [10]
Fuller joined the State Department of the United States, entering the Foreign Service for assignments in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. [7]
He served 20 years as an operations officer in the CIA. Assignments include postings in: Germany, Turkey, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, North Yemen, Afghanistan, and Hong Kong. [8] [11] Fuller was Kabul CIA Station Chief until 1978, when he was brought to CIA headquarters in Washington, where he was appointed National Intelligence Officer for Near East and South Asia in 1982. [12] In 1986, the CIA appointed him vice-chairman of the National Intelligence Council. [13] [14]
In 1987, Fuller was identified as the author of a 1985 study that according to the New York Times was "instrumental" in the decision of the Reagan Administration to secretly contact leaders in Iran and "eventually led to the covert sale of United States weapons to Tehran in what became the Iran–Contra affair." [3] [4] The document suggested that the Soviet Union was in position to influence Iran and that the United States might gain influence by selling arms to the country. [15] According to Fuller, he had revised his opinion as the situation developed, but though he had told Government officials, a written report on the change was not circulated. [15] Fuller denied that the original "think piece" he had prepared with Howard Teicher was "tailored ... to support Administration policy." [15]
Fuller left the CIA in 1988 for the RAND Corporation, remaining as a senior political scientist until 2000. [8] [10] At the RAND Corporation he wrote, among many publications, on political Islam in various countries, and on the geopolitics of the Muslim world.
Fuller was an adjunct history professor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver and at Quest University in Squamish BC. and. [11] He speaks Turkish, Arabic, some Farsi as well as Russian and Chinese. He also speaks French, German and Spanish.
After the Boston Marathon bombing, it was revealed that Fuller's daughter Samantha Ankara Fuller (married name Tsarnaev) was married in the 1990s to Ruslan Tsarni (born Tsarnaev), the uncle of the perpetrators Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev. [16] They divorced on April 26, 1999, in Orange County, North Carolina. [17] Ruslan Tsarni worked for companies connected to Halliburton. He was also a consultant for a company contracted by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in the former Soviet Republic of Kyrgyzstan. [18]
In 2012 Fuller established Bozorg Press, his indie experiment in self-publishing. (Bozorg means "large" or "great" in Persian) [19]
On December 1, 2017, the Istanbul chief public prosecutor’s office issued an arrest warrant for Fuller based on his alleged involvement in the planning of the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt [20] [21] and a wealthy Turkish national offered a reward of 3-million Turkish lira (almost $800,000) for help in delivering Fuller and Michael Rubin to Turkey to answer the Turkish allegations. The Turkish arrest warrant alleges Fuller met with other individuals-of-interest-to-prosecutors on the island of Büyükada, near Istanbul, on the night of July 15, 2016, simultaneous to the attempted coup.
Fuller responded December 2017: "On the night of the coup attempt in Turkey last year I happened to have been addressing a group of 100 people or so right here in the town in western Canada where I have been living for the past 15 years." "I have not set foot in Turkey in the last five years." [22]
In 2002 Full emigrated to Canada where he is now a Canadian citizen.
A 2014 interview with Fuller quoted him as saying, "I think the United States is one of the key creators of [ISIS]. The United States did not plan the formation of ISIS, but its destructive interventions in the Middle East and the war in Iraq were the basic causes of the birth of ISIS. [23]
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)The Middle East is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage as a replacement of the term Near East beginning in the early 20th century. The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions, and being seen as too Eurocentric. The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of West Asia, but without the South Caucasus, and additionally includes all of Egypt and all of Turkey.
SAVAK was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in the Empire of Iran during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. SAVAK operated from 1957 until prime minister Shapour Bakhtiar ordered its dissolution during the climax of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
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Sayyed Abol-Ghasem Mostafavi-Kashani was an Iranian politician and Shia Marja. He played an important role in the 1953 coup in Iran and the overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.
The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution also led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic government of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy.
The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état, was the U.S.- and British-instigated, Iranian army-led overthrow of the elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the monarchical rule of the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 19 August 1953. It was aided by the United States and the United Kingdom.
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Hossein Fatemi was an Iranian scholar. A close associate of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, he proposed nationalization of Iranian oil and gas assets. Initially a journalist, he served as minister of foreign affairs from 1951 to 1953. After the 1953 coup d'état toppled the government of Mosaddegh, Fatemi was arrested, tortured, and convicted by a military court of "treason against the Shah", and executed by a firing squad.
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