Graphium angolanus

Graphium angolanus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Graphium
Species:	G. angolanus
Binomial name
Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779). [1]
Subspecies
See text
Synonyms
Papilio angolanusGoeze, 1779 Graphium pylades Papilio corinneusBertoloni, 1850 Papilio anthemenesWallengren, 1857 Papilio pylades lapydesSuffert, 1904 Papilio pylades angolanus ab. kitunguluaStrand, 1911 Papilio pylades-angolanus ab. hypochroaBoullet & Le Cerf, 1912 Papilio angolanus ab. spoliatusSchultze, 1913 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. dawantiDufrane, 1946 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. wansoniDufrane, 1946 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. jottrandiDufrane, 1946 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. deficiensDufrane, 1946 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. blariauxiDufrane, 1946 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. addendaDufrane, 1946 Graphium angolanus howelliTurlin & Lequeux, 1992 Graphium angolanus howelli f. jozaniTurlin & Lequeux, 1992 Papilio corineus Papilio pylades baronisUngemach, 1932 Papilio pyladesFabricius, 1793 Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades pylades ab. houzeauiDufrane, 1946 Graphium calabarHancock, 1985

Graphium angolanus, the Angola white lady, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa. ^[2]

Description

The wingspan is 65–70 mm in males and 70–75 mm in females.Hindwing tailless, angled at the extremities of the veins. Frons with a white or red dot or streak at each side. Palpi white. Wings above white and black, beneath at the base red or red-brown. The underside of the wings has the same white ground-pattern in all the species [of this group]. On the forewing this consists of 8 submarginal spots placed close to the margin; 9 discal spots (in 1 a—8), of which those of cellules 5, 6 and 8 are almost always small and double, and four transverse spots or bands in the cell. The hindwing has beneath a broad white transverse band, which at the costal margin extends at least to vein 2, covers almost the whole of the cell and is separated from the white inner marginal area lb by a dark longitudinal streak in cellule 1 c. In the broad, dark submarginal band the hindwing has 6 submarginal spots, of which those of cellules 1—4 are sometimes divided, and 3—4 subdiscal spots in cellules 2— 5; these may also be double and arranged in two rows. The hairs of the inner marginal fold of the hindwing of the 3 are long and yellowish white. Diagnostic- Apex of the cell of the forewing with two white spots, one in the upper and one in the lower angle. Hindwing beneath without red spots in the marginal band; both wings above with white spots in the marginal band.The discal spot in cellule 3 is entirely absent or is small and quite free, not reaching the base of the cellule; cell of the forewing without white hindmarginal spot or with only a very small one. Abdomen with a broad yellow lateral stripe at each side.From the Congo region southwards to Natal and eastwards to British East Africa, ab. lapydes Suff. only differs from angolanus in that the cell of the forewing has a hindmarginal spot, which however only reaches vein 3; German East Africa: Kilossa. The full- grown larva has not only on the first and the penultimate segment, but also on the second and third two widely separated spines. The long hump on the mesothorax of the pupa is obliquely inclined forwards and extends almost as far as the tip of the head. ^[3] External images from Royal Museum of Central Africa.

Biology

The fight period is year-round, peaking in November and February. ^[4]

The caterpillars feed on Annona senegalensis , Sphedamnocarpus pruriens , Uvaria species, Landolphia buchannani , and Landolphia ugandensis . ^{[2] [4]}

Subspecies

• Graphium angolanus angolanus (Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, coast of Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, northern Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Comoros)
• Graphium angolanus baronisUngemach, 1932 ^[5] (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, western Kenya, Tanzania)

Taxonomy

Graphium angolanus belongs to a clade with six members. All have similar genitalia. The pattern is black with white marks above and with brick-red areas beneath. In G. endochus the white areas above are extensive and cover most of the wings and in G. ridleyanus the marks are usually bright red not white. The clade members are:

• Graphium angolanus(Goeze, 1779)
• Graphium endochus (Boisduval, 1836)
• Graphium morania (Angas, 1849)
• Graphium taboranus (Oberthür, 1886)
• Graphium schaffgotschi (Niepelt, 1927)
• Graphium ridleyanus (White, 1843)

Realm

Afrotropical realm

See also

• Guinean Forests of West Africa
• Congolian forests

References

1. Goeze, J.A.E. [1779]. Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems 3 (1): xl, 1-390. Leipzig.
2. Graphium angolanus, funet.fi
3. Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
4. Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN   978-1-86872-724-7.
5. Ungemach, H. 1932. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres d’Abyssinie. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 1-122.

• Carcasson, R.H. (1960) The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society pdf (as pylades) Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society).

• Media related to Graphium angolanus at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Graphium angolanus at Wikispecies