HMAS Nestor (G02)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Nestor.

Port bow view of HMAS Nestor in 1941
History
Australia
Namesake	Greek mythological rule Nestor
Builder	Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited
Laid down	1939
Launched	9 July 1940
Commissioned	3 February 1941
Honours and awards	Battle honours: Bismarck 1941 Atlantic 1941 Malta Convoys 1941–42 Indian Ocean 1942
Fate	Scuttled on 16 June 1942, following damage from bombing
General characteristics (as built)
Class and type	N-class destroyer
Displacement	1,773 long tons (1,801 t) (standard) 2,384 long tons (2,422 t) (deep load)
Length	356 ft 6 in (108.7 m) (o/a)
Beam	35 ft 9 in (10.9 m)
Draught	12 ft 6 in (3.8 m)
Installed power	40,000  shp (30,000 kW) 2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed	36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Range	5,500 nmi (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement	183
Sensors and processing systems	ASDIC Type 285 gunnery radar Type 286 surface-search radar
Armament	3 × twin QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mk XII guns 1 × single QF 4-inch Mk V (102 mm) AA gun 4 × single 20 mm (0.8 in) Oerlikon AA guns 2 × twin QF 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) Mk III machineguns 1 × quintuple 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes 45 × depth charges, 1 × rack, 2 × throwers

HMAS Nestor (G02) was an N-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built in Scotland, Nestor was commissioned in February 1941; although manned by Australians and commissioned as an Australian warship, she remained the property of the Royal Navy.

Entering service in 1941, Nestor spent most of her career as a patrol and escort vessel in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, and the Far East. In December 1941, the destroyer located and sank the German submarine U-127. In June 1942, Nestor sailed as part of the Operation Vigorous escort force, protecting a supply convoy to Malta. On the evening of 15 June, the ship was heavily damaged by air attack. Despite attempts to tow the ship to base, Nestor was abandoned and scuttled off Crete the next morning. Nestor is the only ship of the RAN that never operated in Australian waters. ^[1]

Design and construction

The N-class destroyer had a displacement of 1,773 tons at standard load, and 2,550 tons at full load. ^[2] Nestor was 356 feet 6 inches (108.66 m) long overall and 229 feet 6 inches (69.95 m) long between perpendiculars, had a beam of 35 feet 8 inches (10.87 m), and a maximum draught of 16 feet 4 inches (4.98 m). ^[2] Propulsion was provided by Admiralty 3-drum boilers connected to Parsons geared steam turbines, which provided 40,000 shaft horsepower (30,000 kW) to the ship's two propellers. ^[3] Nestor was capable of reaching 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). ^[2] The ship's company consisted of 249 officers and sailors at the time she was sunk. ^[3]

The ship's armament consisted of six 4.7-inch QF Mark XII guns in three twin mounts, a single 4-inch QF Mark V gun, a 2-pounder 4-barrel "pom pom", four 0.5-inch machine guns, four 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns, four .303 Lewis machine guns, two Pentad torpedo launcher tube sets (with 10 torpedoes carried), two depth-charge throwers and one depth-charge chute (with 45 charges carried). ^[2] The 4-inch gun was removed later in Nestor's career. ^[2]

Nestor was laid down by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited, at Govan, Scotland in 1939. ^[3] She was launched on 9 July 1940 by the daughter of one of the shipyard directors. ^[3] Nestor was commissioned into the RAN on 3 February 1941; although manned and commissioned as an Australian warship, the destroyer remained the property of the Royal Navy. ^[3] The destroyer's name came from the mythological ruler. ^[2] The ship cost 398,960 pounds to build. ^[3]

Operational history

During sea trials, Nestor was called on to make several deployments north of the British Isles, in poor conditions. ^[4] On 14 May, the sailors aboard mutinied in response to the heavy drinking sessions of the ship's captain and two other senior officers: they locked themselves in their accommodations and refused to man the ship until the officers were removed. ^[4] The ship's doctor visited the admiral at Scapa Flow (where the ship was based); the admiral sent marines to arrest the three officers, and appointed a new commander to Nestor. ^[4]

After completing sea trials, Nestor was assigned to escort and patrol duties in the North Atlantic. ^[3] During May, she was involved in the pursuit of the German battleship Bismarck, but had diverted to Iceland for fuel when the Allied force encountered and sank the German ship. ^[5] Nestor was transferred to the Mediterranean in July, and was involved in the Malta Convoys, then performed escort duties in the South Atlantic before returning to England for refit in October. ^[3] The destroyer returned to service as a Malta Convoy escort in December. ^[3] On 15 December, Nestor encountered the German submarine U-127 off Cape St. Vincent; the destroyer successfully hunted down and destroyed the submarine with depth charges. ^[3]

In January 1942, Nestor was reassigned to the Far East. ^[3] During the voyage, Nestor and several sister ships escorted the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable during attempts to deliver aircraft to Malaya. ^[3] After this, Nestor joined the British Eastern Fleet, and was based at Colombo. ^[3] In March 1942, the town of Andover, Hampshire adopted Nestor after they raised £214,467 during a Warship Week. ^[6] In May 1942, the destroyer was assigned back to the Mediterranean. ^[3]

Loss

On 12 June 1942, Nestor sailed from Haifa as part of the large escort force for Operation Vigorous, a Malta Convoy consisting of 11 merchant ships carrying food, fuel, and supplies for the besieged island. ^{[3] [5]} Air harassment of the convoy began almost immediately after leaving port. ^[5] During the afternoon of 15 June, the convoy received word that a second convoy (Operation Harpoon) sailing from the west had successfully arrived, and based on the quantity of air attacks and intelligence that an Italian fleet was in the area, it was decided to return the Vigorous convoy to Alexandria. ^{[3] [5]}

Nestor sinking after being scuttled

According to one source, at around 18:00, while off Crete, an Italian bomber attacked Nestor, ^[3] killing four sailors and seriously damaging the destroyer's engine rooms. ^[5] Other sources assert the attack was carried out by Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers from Sturzkampfgeschwader 3. ^[7] HMS Javelin began to tow Nestor, but by 05:30 on 16 June, the quantity of water taken on by the Australian ship meant that recovery was no longer practical. ^{[3] [5]} The ship's company transferred to Javelin, and Nestor was scuttled with depth charges. ^{[3] [5]} Nestor was the only major RAN ship to never visit Australia. ^[1]

Nestor's wartime service was recognised with four battle honours: "Bismarck 1941", "Atlantic 1941", "Malta Convoys 1941–42", and "Indian Ocean 1942". ^{[8] [9]} The ship's bell was recovered, and is on display at the museum at HMAS Cerberus. ^[5]

Citations

1. Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 152
2. Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 61
3. Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 62
4. Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, p. 155
5. "HMAS Nestor". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
6. Andover Advertiser archives in the Hampshire Records Office, Winchester
7. Smith 2011, p. 277.
8. "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
9. "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

References

• Bastock, John (1975). Australia's Ships of War. Cremorne, NSW: Angus and Robertson. ISBN   0207129274. OCLC   2525523.
• Cassells, Vic (2000). The Destroyers: Their Battles and Their Badges. East Roseville, New South Wales: Simon & Schuster. ISBN   0-7318-0893-2. OCLC   46829686.
• Frame, Tom; Baker, Kevin (2000). Mutiny! Naval Insurrections in Australia and New Zealand. St. Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN   1-86508-351-8. OCLC   46882022.
• Smith, Peter (2011). The Junkers Ju 87 Stuka: A Complete History. London, UK: Crecy Publishing Limited. ISBN   978-0-85979-156-4.

Further reading

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-281-8.
• English, John (2001). Afridi to Nizam: British Fleet Destroyers 1937–43. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN   0-905617-64-9.
• Friedman, Norman (2006). British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-86176-137-6.
• Gillett, Ross; Graham, Colin (1977). Warships of Australia. Adelaide, South Australia: Rigby. ISBN   0-7270-0472-7.
• Hodges, Peter; Friedman, Norman (1979). Destroyer Weapons of World War 2. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   978-0-85177-137-3.
• Langtree, Charles (2002). The Kelly's: British J, K, and N Class Destroyers of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-55750-422-9.
• Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-55750-048-7.
• March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC   164893555.
• Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-59114-119-2.
• Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   0-87021-326-1.

External links

• Cardstock paper model plan for HMAS Nestor

33°36′N24°30′E / 33.600°N 24.500°E / 33.600; 24.500