Hail! Bright Cecilia | |
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Sacred choral composition by Henry Purcell | |
Catalogue | Z.328 |
Text | by Nicholas Brady |
Composed | 1692 |
Scoring | SSATB choir |
Premiere | |
Date | 22 September 1692 |
Location | Stationers' Hall, London |
Hail! Bright Cecilia (Z.328), also known as Ode to St. Cecilia, was composed by Henry Purcell to a text by the Irishman Nicholas Brady in 1692 in honour of the feast day of Saint Cecilia, patron saint of musicians.
Annual celebrations of this saint's feast day (22 November) began in 1683, organised by the Musical Society of London, a group of musicians and music lovers. Welcome to all the pleasures (Z.339) was written by Purcell in 1683 and he went on to write other Cecilian pieces of which Hail! Bright Cecilia remains the best known. The first performance on 22 September 1692 at Stationers' Hall was a great success, and received an encore. [1]
Brady's poem was derived from John Dryden's "A Song for St Cecilia's Day" of 1687. Following Dryden, Brady extols the birth and personality of musical instruments, including the idea that Cecilia invented the organ (see note 1 ). Purcell responds to the text by giving emphasis to the colours and dramatic possibilities of the baroque orchestra.
With a text full of references to musical instruments, the work is scored for a variety of vocal soloists and obbligato instruments, along with strings and basso continuo. [2] For example, "Hark, each Tree" is a duet between, vocally, soprano and bass, and instrumentally, between recorders and violins. These instruments are called for in the text ("box and fir" being the woods from which they are made). However, Purcell did not always follow Brady's cues exactly. He scored the warlike music for two brass trumpets and copper kettle drums instead of the fife mentioned by Brady.
It has been suggested that Purcell himself was the countertenor soloist at the first performance. However, although he was a trained singer, the idea that he sang at this premiere appears to be a misunderstanding of a contemporary review. [2]
The airs employ a variety of dance forms. [3] "Hark, each tree" is a sarabande. [2] "Thou tun'st this world" is set as a minuet.
The compositional techniques used by Purcell include counterpoint and the ground bass ("Hark, each Tree" is a duet on a ground bass, "In vain the am'rous flute" is set to a passacaglia bass). [2]
The work consists of 13 movements.
2. Hail! Bright Cecilia, Hail! fill ev'ry Heart | 8. Wondrous Machine! |
The work was edited for publication by Edward Francis Rimbault.
"With that sublime celestial lay" and "Wond'rous machine" are numbers in praise of the organ. [4]
The organ would count as a member of the speaking forest to which Brady refers. It should be remembered that English organs of the period typically had wooden pipes.
Henry Purcell was an English composer of Baroque music.
A countertenor (also contra tenor) is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range is equivalent to that of the female contralto or mezzo-soprano voice types, generally extending from around G3 to D5 or E5, although a sopranist (a specific kind of countertenor) may match the soprano's range of around C4 to C6. Countertenors often have tenor or baritone chest voices, but sing in falsetto or head voice much more often than they do in their chest voice.
Saint Cecilia, also spelled Cecelia, was a Roman Christian virgin martyr, who is venerated in Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, such as the Church of Sweden. She became the patroness of music and musicians, it being written that, as the musicians played at her wedding, Cecilia "sang in her heart to the Lord". Musical compositions are dedicated to her, and her feast, on 22 November, is the occasion of concerts and musical festivals. She is also known as Cecilia of Rome.
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