Hakea epiglottis | |
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Hakea epiglottis, Cape Raoul, Tasman Peninsula, Tasmania | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Hakea |
Species: | H. epiglottis |
Binomial name | |
Hakea epiglottis | |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Hakea epiglottis is a shrub commonly known as beaked hakea or needlebush hakea [2] and is endemic to Tasmania where populations consist of functional unisexual plants. In a 1989 publication by John Wrigley & Murray Fagg states specimens at Wakehurst Place, an annexe of Kew Gardens London are specimens believed to be 60-70 years old measuring 3 m (9.8 ft) high and wide.
Hakea epiglottis grows to 3 m (10 ft) tall. The inflorescence on male plants have 2-8 flowers whereas female plants 1-3 flowers. The bracts are 3–4 mm (0.3–0.4 cm) long on a stem about 1 mm (0.04 in) long. The flower stems are 3.5–5 mm (0.4–0.5 cm) long with flat white silky hairs extending on to sepals that are 2.5–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and pale yellow inside. The pistil is recurved 5.5–6.5 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. The style has a small pollen disc which is concave in male flowers but with a conical protuberance in female flowers. Fruit are shaped like the letter 'S' and 1.4–2.6 cm (0.6–1 in) long. Needle-like leaves are 1.5–11 cm (0.6–4 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide. The young leaves are covered in rust-coloured hairs, which distinguishes this species from the similar Hakea megadenia . Unisexual populations have male plants which do not produce fruit but flowers that produce pollen. Female populations have fruit with no pollen. There are recorded populations of bisexual plants where the fruit occur together with flowers producing pollen. [3] Clusters of white through to bright yellow flowers appear in leaf axils in spring. [4]
The species was first formally described by Jacques Labillardière in Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen in 1805. [5] The specific epithet (epiglottis) is derived from the Ancient Greek words epi meaning "upon" or "on" [6] : 304 and glottis meaning "mouth of the windpipe" perhaps a reference to "a perceived resemblance of the fruit to the upper respiratory system". [4] [6] : 538
There are two recognised subspecies:
Hakea epiglottis is a common species found in all but the north-east coast of Tasmania growing in peaty heath. [7]
Hakea salicifolia commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, is species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers.
Hakea petiolaris, commonly known as the sea-urchin hakea, is a shrub or small tree with cream-coloured and pink or purple flowers and woody fruit. It is endemic to the south west of Australia, occurring at the coastal plain, jarrah forest and wheatbelt regions, often at the ancient granite outcrops of Western Australia.
Hakea cygna, commonly known as the swan hakea, is usually a dense shrub endemic to Western Australia with creamy-white upright flowers appearing from July to August.
Olearia phlogopappa commonly known as the dusty daisy-bush or alpine daisy-bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is commonly found in eastern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. It is a small shrub with greyish-green foliage, daisy-like flowers in white, pink or mauve that can be seen from spring to late summer.
Hakea decurrens, commonly known as bushy needlewood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae.
Hakea laevipes is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. A widespread species found growing on coastal and tableland locations mainly in eastern New South Wales, with scattered populations in south-eastern Queensland.
Hakea pandanicarpa is a shrub species in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to south-west Western Australia.
Hakea microcarpa , commonly known as small-fruit hakea is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub, often growing in woodlands, heathlands and near swamps in montane areas of eastern Australia.
Hakea lissosperma, commonly known as needle bush and mountain needlewood, is a species of Hakea native to parts of south eastern Australia.
Hakea actites, commonly known as the mulloway needle bush or wallum hakea is a shrub or tree of the Proteacea family native to areas in north eastern New South Wales and south eastern Queensland. White nectar rich flowers appear in abundance from late autumn to early spring.
Hakea ednieana, commonly known as Flinders Range hakea or yandena, is a shrub of the Proteacea family native to arid parts of central Australia.
Hakea falcata, commonly known as sickle hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteacea and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It has narrow egg-shaped leaves, cream flowers and blooms in spring.
Hakea varia, commonly known as the variable-leaved hakea, is a shrub of the family Proteacea and endemic to Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It is a dense prickly shrub with creamy-white or yellow flowers and variably shaped leaves.
Hakea recurva, commonly known as jarnockmert, is a flowering shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to an area in the Mid West, northern Wheatbelt and the Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It has creams-white to yellow flowers and thick, prickly, curved leaves.
Hakea megadenia is a shrub or tree of the family Proteacea endemic to an area along the east coast of Tasmania and the Furneaux Island group off the coast of Tasmania.
Hakea stenophylla is a shrub or tree in the family Proteacea, with sweetly scented creamy-white flowers. It is endemic to Western Australia.
Hakea pedunculata is a shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae comprising approximately 150 species restricted to Australia. This species is found in the Far North region of Queensland and adjacent islands. It has flat, broadly egg-shaped leaves and white, cream or greenish flowers.
Boronia citriodora, commonly known as lemon-scented boronia, lemon plant or lemon thyme, is a woody shrub that is endemic to Tasmania. It has pinnate leaves and white to pink flowers that are arranged singly or in groups of up to seven, in the leaf axils or on the ends of the branches.
Hakea leucoptera subsp. sericipes is a small tree with cylinder-shaped leaves and clusters of up to forty-five white fragrant flowers. It is found in northwestern New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia.
Pimelea axiflora, commonly known as bootlace bush, is a small shrub in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a small shrub with whitish flowers on mostly smooth stems.