| Hanseniaspora guilliermondii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Saccharomycetes |
| Order: | Saccharomycetales |
| Family: | Saccharomycodaceae |
| Genus: | Hanseniaspora |
| Species: | H. guilliermondii |
| Binomial name | |
| Hanseniaspora guilliermondii Pijper (1928) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. In its anamorph form, it is called Kloeckera apis.
The initial sample of the species was isolated by South African pathologist Adrianus Pijper from an infected nail from a patient and assigned the name H. guilliermondii. [2] [1] In 1952, the species was placed in synonymy with Hanseniaspora valbyensis . In 1968, N. J. W. Kerger-Van Rij and Donald G. Ahearn, observed physiological and morphological differences between H. valbyensis and H. guilliermondii and proposed a resumed separation of the two species. [2] [3] Their study identified that a third strain, originally described as H. melligeri by J. Lodder in 1932 that had been isolated from dates and later synonymized with H. valbyensis, was synonymous with H. guilliermondii. [3] [4] Further testing by Meyer, Brown, and Smith in 1977 confirmed the findings of the 1968 study using DNA testing. [2] Further DNA examination in 1978 demonstrated that yeast samples originally collected from grape juice and identified as the unique species H. apuliensis by Castelli in 1948, later synonymized with H. valbyensis in 1958, was actually synonymous with H. guilliermondii. [4] Yeast samples that had been obtained from a bee by P. Lavie in 1954 and later designated as Kloeckera apis was found to be the anamorph form of H. guilliermondii and placed in synonymy. [5] [4]
Microscopic examination of the yeast cells in YM liquid medium after 48 hours at 25°C reveals cells that are 2.2 to 5.8 μm by 4.5 to 10.2 μm in size or occasionally longer, apiculate, ovoid to elongate, appearing singly or in pairs. Reproduction is by budding, which occurs at both poles of the cell. In broth culture, sediment is present, and after one month a very thin ring is formed. [1]
Colonies that are grown on malt agar for one month at 25°C appear white to cream-colored, glossy, and smooth. Growth is slightly raised at the center. The yeast forms poorly-developed pseudohyphae on potato agar, or are absent. The yeast has been observed to form one to four, mostly four, hat-shaped ascospores when grown for at least one week on 5% Difco malt extract agar or on potato dextrose agar. When released, the ascospores tend to clump together. [1]
The yeast can ferment glucose, but not galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose or trehalose. It has a positive growth rate at 37°C, but no growth at 40°C. It can grow on agar media containing 0.1% cycloheximide and utilize 2-keto-d-gluconate as a sole source of carbon. [1]
Although the original sample of the species was obtained in a clinical medical setting, the yeast is primarily associated with fruits, plants, fermenting musts, and insects. [1] Strains of this species produce acetoin, a chemical found in many food products and fragrances. [6]
Eremascus is the sole genus in the fungal family Eremascaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Eduard Eidam in 1883, while the family was circumscribed by Adolf Engler and E. Gilg in 1924. Eremascus is thought to be a basal fungus, from which ascomycetous yeasts formed. Taxa have a widespread distribution, and grow saprobically, especially on substrates with low water content.
Hanseniaspora is a genus of yeasts. The name Kloeckera is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation.
Keratinophyton durum is a keratinophilic fungus, that grows on keratin found in decomposing or shed animal hair and bird feathers. Various studies conducted in Canada, Japan, India, Spain, Poland, Ivory Coast and Iraq have isolated this fungus from decomposing animal hair and bird feathers using SDA and hair-bait technique. Presence of fungus in soil sediments and their ability to decompose hairs make them a potential human pathogen.
Aspergillus nomius is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Flavi section. The species was first described in 1987. It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, nominine, paspaline, pseurotin, and tenuazonic acid. A. nomius has been identified as the cause of human infections.
Aspergillus pseudodeflectus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Usti section. The species was first described in 1975. It has been reported to produce drimans, ophiobolins G and H, and austins.
Aspergillus turcosus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. The species was first described in 2008. It has been reported to produce kotanins.
Aspergillus asperescens is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1954. It has been isolated from soil from a cave in England.
Aspergillus purpureus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1975. It has been isolated from soil in Egypt. It has been reported to produce emindol SA, emindol SB, emindol SC, epurpurin A-C, sterigmatocystin, variecolactone, variecolin, and variecolol.
Capronia mansonii is a mesophilic black yeast that is a part of the Herpotrichiellaceae. The species is uncommon in nature but is saprotrophic in nature and been discovered on decaying plant matter, particularly wood. This fungus is naturally found in the Netherlands and has successfully been cultured in lab. It is a teleomorph of the ascomycota division and possesses brown spores.
Blastobotrys elegans is a species of fungus.
Mrakia aquatica is a species of fungus in the family Mrakiaceae. It is only known from its yeast state, originally isolated from lake water in England.
Hanseniaspora clermontiae is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It was first isolated from stem rot occurring in a lobelioid plant in Hawaii, and may be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
Hanseniaspora lachancei is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It is associated with fermenting agave juice and a tequila production facility in Mexico.
Hanseniaspora opuntiae is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It has been isolated from locations worldwide, on grape berries and on prickly pear cacti.
Hanseniaspora meyeri is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. Samples of the species have been obtained worldwide from flowers, fruit flies, stem rot, and spoiled grape punch.
Hanseniaspora occidentalis is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. In its anamorph form, it was called Kloeckera javanica. It has been isolated in the wild from soil samples and vineyards. Samples of a variant have been isolated from orange juice and rotten oranges. It has demonstrated potential as an organism to reduce malic acid in wine production.
Hanseniaspora gamundiae is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycodaceae. It has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cyttaria hariotii mushrooms in Patagonia and is likely responsible for the early stages of fermentation of an alcoholic chicha produced from the mushrooms.
Hanseniaspora osmophila is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It is found in soil and among the bark, leaves, and fruits of plants, as well as fermented foods and beverages made from fruit.
Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. Originally isolated from orange juice concentrate, it has been found on fruit and fruit juices in locations around the world. It has also been observed forming hybrids with Hanseniaspora opuntiae.
Vanderwaltozyma polyspora is a species of multi-spored yeast fungus in the family Saccharomycetaceae found in soil, first described by Johannes P. van der Walt, and moved to a new genus by Cletus P. Kurtzman in 2003.