| Saccharomycetes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae under DIC microscopy | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Saccharomycotina |
| Class: | Saccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997 [1] |
| Orders | |
Saccharomycetes belongs to the kingdom of Fungi and the division Ascomycota. It is the only class in the subdivision Saccharomycotina, the budding yeasts. Saccharomycetes contains a single order: Saccharomycetales.
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus", a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewer's yeast and baker's yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota.
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota), consisting of 28 orders, 90 families, 1344 genera. Sordariomycetes is from the Latin sordes (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class.
The Saccharomycetaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales that reproduce by budding. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are present in a wide variety of habitats, especially those with a plentiful supply of carbohydrate sources. The family contains the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, perhaps the most economically important fungus.
Saccharomycetales belongs to the kingdom of Fungi and the division Ascomycota. It is the only order in the class Saccharomycetes. There are currently 13 families recognized as belonging to Saccharomycetales.
Saccharomycotina is a subdivision (subphylum) of the division (phylum) Ascomycota in the Kingdom Fungi. It comprises most of the ascomycete yeasts. The members of Saccharomycotina reproduce by budding and they do not produce ascocarps.
The Taphrinomycotina are one of three subdivisions constituting the Ascomycota and is more or less synonymous with the slightly older invalid name Archiascomycetes. Recent molecular studies suggest that the group is monophyletic and basal to the rest of the Ascomycota.
Neolecta is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that have fruiting bodies in the shape of unbranched to lobed bright yellowish, orangish to pale yellow-green colored, club-shaped, smooth, fleshy columns up to about 7 cm tall. The species share the English designation "Earth tongues" along with some better-known fungi with a similar general form, but in fact they are only distantly related.
Schizosaccharomycetes is a class in the kingdom of fungi. It contains the order Schizosaccharomycetales, the fission yeasts. The genus Schizosaccharomycetes is a broad and ancient clade within the Ascomycete fungi including four known fission yeast: Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Schizosaccharomyces japonicius, Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, and Schizosaccharomyces crophilus.
Taphrina is a fungal genus within the Ascomycota that causes leaf and catkin curl diseases and witch's brooms of certain flowering plants. One of the more commonly observed species causes peach leaf curl. Taphrina typically grow as yeasts during one phase of their life cycles, then infect plant tissues in which typical hyphae are formed, and ultimately they form a naked layer of asci on the deformed, often brightly pigmented surfaces of their hosts. No discrete fruit body is formed outside of the gall-like or blister-like tissues of the hosts. The asci form a layer lacking paraphyses, and they lack croziers. The ascospores frequently bud into multiple yeast cells within the asci. Phylogenetically, Taphrina is a member of a basal group within the Ascomycota, and type genus for the subphylum Taphrinomycotina, the class Taphrinomycetes, and order Taphrinales.
Lichinomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. It includes the single order Lichinales. Most species are lichenized. The class was circumscribed in 2004.
The Ascoideaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. A monotypic taxon, it contains the single genus Ascoidea. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and typically grow in beetle galleries in dead wood.
The Cephaloascaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. A monotypic taxon, it contains the single genus Cephaloascus. Species in the family are distributed in Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom, where they grow on coniferous wood or other fungi, or are associated with insects.
The Endomycetaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the family contains three genera; however, the placement of the genus Phialoascus is uncertain. Species in this poorly understood family have cosmopolitan distributions, and typically grow in association with other fungi, perhaps parasitically.
The Eremotheciaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the family contains two genera, but the placement of the genus Coccidiascus is uncertain. Species in the family have widespread distributions, and are especially prevalent in tropical areas.
The Pichiaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the family contains four genera. The family was named by Zender in 1925.
The Saccharomycodaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the family contains four genera, although the placement of three of these is uncertain. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found in both temperate and tropical areas.
The Saccharomycopsidaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the family contains three genera, although the placement of the genus Ambrosiozyma is uncertain. Species in this poorly known family have a widespread distribution.
Symbiotaphrina is a genus including seven species of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, distantly related to other Pezizomycotina.
Nakazawaea is a genus of yeast in the order Saccharomycetales. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown, and it has not been placed with certainty into any family. Originally a monotypic genus containing the single species Nakazawaea holstii, N. siamensis was added in 2011.
Candida theae is a species of yeast in the genus Candida. The species name means "tea". It was first isolated from Indonesian tea drinks and in Quito from clay pots that contained chicha dating from 680 CE.
Saccharomycetes are known for being able to comprise a monophyletic lineage with a single order of about 1000 known species. These yeasts live as decomposers, feeding on dead and decaying wood, leaves, litter, and other organic matter. According to the article "Phylogenetics of Saccharomycetales,the ascomycete yeasts" the author states "yeasts are responsible for important industrial and biotechnological processes, including baking, brewing and synthesis of recombinant proteins"(Blackwell M). The author also considers saccharomycetes to be model organisms in research. Asia is likely to be the origin of the source.
Reference Blackwell, B(2006, NOV 6). Phylogenetics of Saccharomycetales, the ascomycete yeasts. http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=8&SID=6ALbRzMRklbXdk7UQbm&page=1&doc=6
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