Pucciniomycetes

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Pucciniomycetes
Puccinia sessilis 0521.jpg
Aecia of Puccinia sessilis on Arum maculatum leaf
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Subdivision: Pucciniomycotina
Class: Pucciniomycetes
R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. (2006) [1]
Orders

Helicobasidiales
Pachnocybales
Platygloeales
Pucciniales
Septobasidiales

Contents

Synonyms [2]

Pucciniomycetes D.Hawksw., B.Sutton & Ainsw. (1983)

Pucciniomycetes (formerly known as Urediniomycetidae) is a diverse class of fungi in the subphylum Pucciniomycotina of phylum Basidiomycota. [3] The class contains 5 orders, 21 families, 190 genera, and approximately 8,016 species. [4] It has been estimated that this class contains about one third of all teleomorphic basidiomycetes. Pucciniomycetes contains many economically important plant pathogenic fungal rusts; the order Pucciniales (formerly Uredinales) is the largest clade in this class, representing approximately 7,000 species. [5]

Pucciniomycetes are cosmopolitan and can be found in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, although aquatic species are poorly understood. [5]

Characteristics

Species in the class Pucciniomycetes develop no basidiocarp, karyogamy occurs in a thick-walled resting spore (teliospore), and meiosis occurs upon germination of the teliospore. They have simple septal pores without membrane caps, and disc-like spindle pole bodies. Except for a few species, the basidia, when present, are transversely septate. Mannose is the major cell-wall carbohydrate; glucose, fucose, and rhamnose are the less prevalent neutral sugars; and xylose is not present.

Taxonomy

The class Pucciniomycetes was first defined as a monophyletic group in 1995. Pucciniomycetes contains rust fungi, the order Septobasidiales, teliospore-forming yeasts, and various species that were once classified as smut or jelly fungi. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginomycotina</span> Subdivision of fungi

The Ustilaginomycotina is a subdivision within the division Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi. It consists of the classes Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and in 2014 the subdivision was reclassified and the two additional classes Malasseziomycetes and Monilielliomycetes added. The name was first published by Doweld in 2001; Bauer and colleagues later published it in 2006 as an isonym. Ustilagomycotina and Agaricomycotina are considered to be sister groups, and they are in turn sister groups to the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pucciniomycotina</span> Subdivision of fungi

Pucciniomycotina is a subdivision of fungus within the division Basidiomycota. The subdivision contains 10 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families. Over 8400 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described - more than 8% of all described fungi. The subdivision is considered a sister group to Ustilaginomycotina and Agaricomycotina, which may share the basal lineage of Basidiomycota, although this is uncertain due to low support for placement between the three groups. The group was known as Urediniomycetes until 2006, when it was elevated from a class to a subdivision and named after the largest order in the group, Pucciniales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entorrhizomycetes</span> Class of fungi

Entorrhizomycetes is the sole class in the phylum Entorrhizomycota within the Fungi subkingdom Dikarya along with Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. It contains three genera and is a small group of teliosporic root parasites that form galls on plants in the Juncaceae (rush) and Cyperaceae (sedge) families. Prior to 2015 this phylum was placed under the subdivision Ustilaginomycotina. A 2015 study did a "comprehensive five-gene analyses" of Entorrhiza and concluded that the former class Entorrhizomycetes is possibly either a close sister group to the rest of Dikarya or Basidiomycota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agaricostilbomycetes</span> Class of fungi

The Agaricostilbomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, six families, and 15 genera. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Where known, basidiocarps (fruitbodies) are typically small and stilboid (pin-shaped).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atractiellomycetes</span> Order of fungi

The Atractiellomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Atractiellales, which contains 3 families, 10 genera, and 58 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Classiculomycetes</span> Class of fungi

The Classiculomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Classiculales, which in turn contains the single family Classiculaceae. The family contains two monotypic genera.

The Cryptomycocolacomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Cryptomycocolacales, which in turn contains the single family Cryptomycocolacaceae. The family has two monotypic genera.

The Cystobasidiomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. Most species are known from their yeast states; hyphal states, when present, produce auricularioid basidia and are frequently parasites of other fungi. The class contains five orders as well as two families and one genus (Queiroziella) of uncertain disposition. An additional order, Cyphobasidiales, has been proposed to accommodate several lichenicolous species, but its separation from the Erythrobasidiales has not been demonstrated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microbotryomycetes</span> Class of fungi

The Microbotryomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class currently contains eight orders, plus three additional, unassigned families, plus seven additional, unassigned genera. Many species are known only from their yeast states. Species with hyphal states typically produce auricularioid basidia and are often parasitic on other fungi or plants. Several species in the genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces are opportunistic human pathogens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mixiomycetes</span> Class of fungi

The Mixiomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Mixiales, which in turn contains a single family, the Mixiaceae that circumscribes the monotypic genus Mixia. Only one species has been described to date, Mixia osmundae; this species was originally named Taphrina osmundae by Japanese mycologist Toji Nishida in 1911. It is characterized by having multinucleate hyphae, and by producing multiple spores on sporogenous cells.

<i>Tuberculina</i> Genus of fungi


Tuberculina is a genus of fungi in the order Helicobasidiales. The genus is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but currently species have not yet been assigned to the latter genus. Tuberculina species are conidia-bearing parasites of rust fungi, forming felt-like, purple patches on their hosts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicobasidiales</span> Order of fungi

The Helicobasidiales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order is currently monotypic, containing the single family Helicobasidiaceae which itself is monotypic, containing the single genus Helicobasidium. The anamorphic genus Tuberculina is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but species are not currently integrated in the latter genus.

<i>Eocronartium</i> Genus of fungi


Eocronartium muscicola is a species of fungus belonging to the order Platygloeales. It is currently the only species in the monotypic genus Eocronartium. In the UK its recommended English name is moss rust. The species forms clavarioid basidiocarps on mosses, on which it is parasitic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platygloeales</span> Order of fungi

The Platygloeales are an order of fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. Species in the order have auricularioid basidia and are typically plant parasites on mosses, ferns, and angiosperms, though Platygloea species appear to be saprotrophic.

The Spiculogloeomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Spiculogloeales, together with an additional, unassigned genus, Meniscomyces. Many species are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.

The Spiculogloeales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The order is currently monotypic, consisting of a single family, the Spiculogloeaceae. Species in the genus Phyllozyma are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.


The Platygloeaceae are a family of fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. Species in the family have auricularioid basidia and are typically plant parasites on angiosperms, though Platygloea species appear to be saprotrophic.

The Cystobasidiales are an order of fungi in the class Cystobasidiomycetes. The order currently consists of a single family (Cystobasidiaceae) and two genera as yet unassigned to a family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eocronartiaceae</span> Family of fungi


The Eocronartiaceae are a family of fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. Species in the family have auricularioid basidia and are typically plant parasites on ferns and mosses.

Platygloea is a genus of fungi belonging to the class Pucciniomycetes. Basidiocarps of the type species are disc-shaped, gelatinous, and occur on dead wood, probably as a saprotroph. Microscopically, all species of Platygloea sensu lato have auricularioid basidia. Currently the genus contains a heterogeneous mix of auricularioid fungi not yet accommodated in other genera.

References

  1. ↑ Bauer R, Begerow D, Sampaio JP, Weiss M, Oberwinkler F (2006). "The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis". Mycological Progress. 5 (1): 41–66. doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0502-0. S2CID   26613287.
  2. ↑ "Pucciniomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2006". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
  3. ↑ Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M.; Lücking, Robert; Thorsten Lumbsch, H.; Lutzoni, François; Matheny, P. Brandon; McLaughlin, David J.; Powell, Martha J. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi" (PDF). Mycological Research. 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. ISSN   0953-7562. PMID   17572334. S2CID   4686378.
  4. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. pp. 580–81. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. 1 2 3 McLaughlin, David J. (2001). Systematics and Evolution. Esther G. McLaughlin, Paul A. Lemke. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN   978-3-662-10189-6. OCLC   851389244.
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