Harvard Tercentenary celebration

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Harvard Tercentenary celebration
Harvard University Tercentenary Harvard on View Poster.jpg
Poster for an exhibit in honor of Harvard's 300th anniversary
DateNovember 7, 1935 – September 18, 1936 (1935-11-07 – 1936-09-18)
Duration10 months and 10 days
Venue Harvard University
Location Cambridge, Massachusetts
Organized by Jerome Davis Greene
Footage Guest speaker addresses gathering during 300th anniversary ceremonies at Harvard on YouTube

Harvard University celebrated the 300th anniversary of its founding in 1936 with elaborate festivities, hosting tens of thousands of alumni, dignitaries (including United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a Harvard graduate), and representatives of institutions of learning and scholarship from around the world. [1]

Contents

Preparations

On 15 December 1934, Harvard Trustee and director for the tercentennial celebrations, Jerome Davis Greene (AB 1897), made public the preliminary plans, commencing with the "opening of a special session of the Summer schools in July, 1936 and to reach its climax in ceremonies Sept. 16, 17 and 18". [2]

In 1935, as was the planned introduction for the celebrations, Harvard held what was up until then the largest of its Summer Schools, consisting of "thirty visiting professors from twenty-eight institutions and eighty-two members of the regular Harvard faculty." [3] The following October Learned Hand (AB 1893, LLB 1896) was elected the president of the Harvard Alumni Association, while former-Harvard president A. Lawrence Lowell (AB 1877, LLB 1880) and Charles Francis Adams III (AB 1888, LLB 1892) were selected chairman and Chief marshall of the tercentenary meeting, respectively. [4] On 12 November then-president Franklin D. Roosevelt (AB 1903) accepted Greene's invitation to attend the 18 September celebrations. [5] On 17 December, the Class of 1908 announced that 770 feet of iron fence would be built to replace wooden fencing in Harvard yard, as well as build "a large memorial gate in honor of the late President Eliot...in time for the university's tercentenary celebration". [6] On 25 December, then-Harvard president James B. Conant (AB 1913, PhD 1916) announced that Thomas W. Lamont (AB 1892) had donated $500,000 to endow the first of the University Professorships, as part of Conant's Three-hundredth Anniversary Fund plan, which "had no intensive campaign and [did not seek any] definite sum"; however, all the money raised would be destined "for professorships and scholarships and none of it for buildings". Conant had sent a letter to 65,000 alumni detailing the purpose of the fund as well as the cost of establishing a scholarship ($25,000) and a professorship ($500,000). The first of the former was endowed by Henry Osborn Taylor (AB 1878, LLB) and his wife. [7] Harvard's endowment at the time was reported to total $26 million, well below Yale's $45 million. [8]

On 13 January 1936, The Boston Herald reported that Stephen Leacock "[was] being considered for appointment as the first of the inter-departmental professors". [9] That same month, Conant, in his annual report to the Board of Overseers stated:

It is perhaps particularly important, in these days when the academic institutions of more than one country have been crippled by persecution, that our anniversary be utilized to demonstrate to the nation at large the significance of all our colleges and universities...We hope that the events of this three hundredth year of Harvard's existence may awaken in many minds a consciousness of the necessity of preserving that great scholarship tradition of education and free inquiry which first came to these shore three centuries ago. [10]

For the celebration, the Harvard Stamp Club proposed "[a] special postage stamp to commemorate the 300th anniversary...to the Federal postal authorities". The president and secretary of the club wrote to Conant, explaining that the proposal "[did] not in any way imply that [they had] the official support of the university". [11] Then-Massachusetts Senator Marcus A. Coolidge introduced legislation to produce a 3 cent stamp, and was not expected to be declined by the Postmaster General. [12] However, it first had to be approved by the United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, where opposition was not expected either. [13] Nevertheless, the stamp did not come to be since Franklin D. Roosevelt, a noted philatelist, "blocked a move to issue a Harvard stamp out of fear he might be accused of favoring his alma mater". A Harvard stamp was eventually minted in 1986, as part of the Great Americans series and in commemoration of Harvard's 350th anniversary, portraying the bust of the statue of John Harvard on a 56 cent stamp. [14]

Responding to the prospect of being nominated to receive an honorary degree as part of the celebration, George Bernard Shaw wrote:

Dear Sir, I have to thank you for your proposal to present me as a candidate for an honorary degree of D.L.[ clarification needed ] of Harvard University at its tri-centenary celebration. But I cannot pretend that it would be fair for me to accept university degrees when every public reference of mine to our educational system, and especially to the influence of the universities on it, is fiercely hostile. If Harvard would celebrate its three hundredth anniversary by burning itself to the ground and sowing its site with salt, the ceremony would give me the greatest satisfaction as an example to all the other famous old corrupters of youth, including Yale, Oxford, Cambridge, the Sorbonne, etc. Under these circumstances I should let you down very heavily if you undertook to sponsor me.

A handwritten postscript read: "I appreciate the friendliness of your attitude."  [15]

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References

  1. ↑ "The Harvard Tercentenary Conference on Arts and Sciences". Science. New Series. 83 (2153): 311. 3 April 1936.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ↑ "Harvard Prepares for Tercentenary". The New York Times . 16 December 1934. p. 79. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  3. ↑ "Harvard Expands Summer School". The New York Times . 17 March 1935. p. 83. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Heads Harvard Alumni". The New York Times . 15 October 1935. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  5. ↑ "Roosevelt Accepts Harvard Bid". The New York Times . 13 November 1935. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  6. ↑ "Harvard Class of '08 To Finish Yard Fence". The New York Times . 18 December 1935. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  7. ↑ "T.W. Lamont Gives Harvard $500,000". The New York Times . 26 December 1935. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  8. ↑ "College Heads Bar Athletics Survey". The New York Times . 18 January 1936. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  9. ↑ "Leacock Talked for Post". The New York Times . 14 January 1936. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  10. ↑ Conant, James B. (24 January 1936). "Conant for 'Plan in Terms of Men;' Sees Wide Change in Education". The New York Times . Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  11. ↑ "Tercentenary Stamp Proposed for Harvard". The New York Times . 26 January 1936. p. 102. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  12. ↑ "Senator Coolidge Asks Stamp for Tercentenary". The Harvard Crimson . 18 April 1936. ISSN   1932-4219. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  13. ↑ "Tercentenary Stamp Fate Held by Senate Committee". The Harvard Crimson . 7 May 1936. ISSN   1932-4219 . Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  14. ↑ Goss, Kristin A. (4 September 1986). "Post Office Issues Stamp To Commemorate 350th". The Harvard Crimson . ISSN   1932-4219. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  15. ↑ Bethell, John T. (1998). Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century . Harvard University Press. p.  127. ISBN   9780674377332.

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