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| Genus: | Haughtoniana |
Synapsids—not to be confused with therapsids, which are a subordinate group to synapsids—are a group of animals that includes mammals and every animal more closely related to mammals than to the other members of the amniotes clade, such as reptiles and birds. They are easily separated from other amniotes by having a temporal fenestra, an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye, leaving a bony arch beneath each; this accounts for their name. Primitive synapsids are usually called pelycosaurs or pelycosaur-grade synapsids. This informal term consists of all synapsids that are not therapsids, a monophyletic more advanced mammal-like group. The non-mammalian synapsids were described as mammal-like reptiles in classical systematics, but this misleading terminology is no longer in use. They are now more correctly referred to as stem mammals or proto-mammals. Synapsids evolved from basal amniotes and are one of the two major groups of amniotes, the other being the sauropsids, the group that includes reptiles and birds. The distinctive temporal fenestra developed in the ancestral synapsid about 312 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous period.
Cryptocynodon is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Eurychororhinus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Emyduranus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Koupia is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Lanthanostegus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Milosaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids native to Illinois in the latest Carboniferous.
Mesenosaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids. Genus includes two species: the type species Mesenosaurus romeri from the middle Permian Mezen River Basin of northern Russia, and Mesenosaurus efremovi from the early Permian of the Richards Spur locality.
Nitosaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Pachytegos is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Platycraniellus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid. It is a cynodont from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone.
Scalopolacerta is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Rhinodicynodon is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid of the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Donguz Formation of European Russia.
Trichasaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Traversodontoides is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Tetragonias is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid from the Anisian Manda Beds of Tanzania.
Synostocephalus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Storthyggnathus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
Xyrospondylus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids.
Uralokannemeyeria is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
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