List of therapsids

Last updated

This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ( nomina dubia ), or were not formally published ( nomina nuda ), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered therapsids.

Contents

The list currently contains 510 generic names.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

The list

GenusAuthorsYearStatusAgeLocationNotes

Admetophoneus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Aelurognathus

Haughton

1924

Valid.

Aelurosauroides

Broom

1940

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Aelurosaurus [2]

Aelurosauropsis

Broom

1940

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Aelurosaurus [2]

Aelurosaurus

Owen

1881

Valid.

Agnosaurus

Boonstra

1952

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Moschops [2]

Akidnognathus

Haughton

1918

Valid.

Alopecodon

Broom

1908

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Alopecognathus

Broom

1915

Valid.

Alopecopsis

Broom

1920

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Alopecorhinus

Broom

1912

Valid.

Aloposauroides

Brink
Kitching

1953

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Aloposaurus [2]

Aloposaurus

Broom

1910

Valid.

Andescynodon

Bonaparte

1969

Valid.

Aneugomphius

Broom
Robinson

1949

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Angonisaurus

Cox

1983

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [5]

Tanzania [5]

May be synonym of Shansiodon [5]

Annatherapsidus

Kuhn

1961

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Anningia

Broom

1927

Nomen vanum

Permian [7]

South Africa [7]

Declared to be a nomen vanum after a restudy of the type specimen. [7]

Anomocephalus

Modesto
Rubidge
Welman

1999

Valid.

Upper Permian [8]

South Africa [8]

Anomodon

Keyser

1975

Valid.

Anoplosuchus

Tchudinov

1968

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Antecosuchus

Tatarinov

1973

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Anteosaurus

Watson

1921

Valid.

Upper Permian

South Africa

Archaeosuchus

Broom

1905

Valid.

Archaeosyodon

Tchudinov

1960

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Arctognathoides

Boonstra

1934

Valid.

Arctognathus

Broom

1911

Valid.

Arctops

Watson

1914

Valid.

Arctosuchus

Broom

1911

Valid.

Arctotraversodon

Sues
Hopson
Shubin

1992

Valid.

Arnognathus

Broom

1907

Valid.

Aulacocephalodon

Seeley

1898

Valid.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Aulacephalodon [2]

Aulacephalodon

Seeley

1898

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Australosyodon

Rubidge

1994

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [9]

South Africa [9]

Avenantia

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Barysoma

Cox

1965

Valid.

Bauria

Broom

1909

Valid.

Early to Mid-Triassic

Baurioides

Broom

1925

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Bauria [2]

Bayloria

Oldon

1941

Syn.

Lower Permian [10]

United States of America [10]

Immature specimen of the captorhinid reptile Captorhinus aguti [10]

Beishanodon [11]

Gao
Fox
Zhou
Li

2010

Valid.

Lower Triassic [11]

China [11]

Belesodon

von Huene

1936

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon [12]

Biarmosaurus

Tchudinov

1960

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Biarmosuchus [2]

Biarmosuchoides

Tverdokhlebova
Ivakhnenko

1994

Valid.

Upper Permian [13]

Russia [13]

Biarmosuchus

Tchudinov

1960

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Bienotherium

Young

1940

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Bienotheroides

Young

1982

Valid.

Middle-Late Jurassic [14]

China and Mongolia [14]

Biseridens

Li
Cheng

1997

Valid.

Upper Permian [15]

China [15]

Bolotridon

Coad

1977

Valid.

Mid-Triassic

Boreogomphodon

Sues
Olsen

1990

Valid.

Late Triassic [16]

United States of America [16]

Brachyprosopus

Olson

1937

Valid.

Mid-Permian

Brachyuraniscus

Broili
Schroeder

1935

Valid.

Middle Permian [17]

South Africa [17]

Brasilitherium

Bonaparte
Martinelli
Schultz
Rubert

2003

Valid.

Late Triassic [18]

Brazil [18]

Brasilodon

Bonaparte
Martinelli
Schultz
Rupert

2003

Valid.

Late Triassic [18]

Brazil [18]

Brithopus

Kutorga

1838

Valid.

Middle Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Broilius

Toerien

1953

Valid.

Broomicephalus

Brink
Kitching

1953

Valid.

Broomisaurus

Joleaud

1920

Valid.

Permian

Broomosuchus

Camp
Taylor
Welles

1942

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Anteosaurus [2]

Bullacephalus

Rubidge
Kitching

2003

Valid.

Late Permian

Burnetia

Broom

1923

Valid.

Upper Permian [19]

South Africa [19]

Calleonasus

Kalandadze

1985

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Cephalicustroidus

Parrington

1974

Valid.

Cerataelurus

Broom

1931

Valid.

Cerdodon

Broom

1915

Valid.

Cerdorhinus

Broom

1936

Valid.

Chalepotherium

Simpson

1928

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Oligokyptus [2]

Chaliminia

Bonaparte

1980

Valid.

Upper Triassic [12]

Brazil [12]

Chanaria

Cox

1968

Valid.

Charassognathus

Botha
Abdala
Smith

2007

Valid.

Charruodon

Abdala
Ribeiro

2000

Valid.

Late Triassic [20]

Brazil [20]

Chelydontops

Cluver

1975

Valid.

Chiniquodon

von Huene

1936

Valid.

Middle-Upper Triassic [12]

Argentina and Brazil [12]

Chiwetasaurus

Haughton

1926

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Gorgonops [2]

Chthomaloporus

Tchudinov

1964

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Chthonosaurus

Vjuschkov

1955

Valid.

Upper Permian [13]

Russia [13]

Cistecephaloides

Cluver

1974

Valid.

Cistecephalus

Owen

1876

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [3]

South Africa, Zambia and India [3]

Clelandina

Broom

1948

Valid.

Colobodectes

Modesto
Rubidge
Visser
Welman

2003

Valid.

Compsodon

van Hoepen

1934

Valid.

Crapartinella

Mendrez

1975

Valid.

Cragievanus

Brink

1965

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Diademodon [2]

Criocephalosaurus

Kammerer
Sidor

2002

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

Zimbabwe [3]

Cristonasus

Surkov

1999

Valid.

Middle Triassic [21]

Russia [21]

Cromptodon

Bonaparte

1972

Valid.

Cryptocynodon

Seeley

1895

Valid.

Cteniosaurus

Broom

1935

Valid.

Cynochampsa

Owen

1859

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Diademodon [2]

Cynognathus

Seeley

1895

Valid.

Lower-Middle Triassic [22]

South Africa and Argentina [22]

Cyonosaurus

Olsen

1937

Valid.

Upper Permian [17]

South Africa [17]

Cynosaurus

Schmidt

1927

Valid.

Dadadon

Flynn
Parrish
Rakotosamimanana
Ranivoharimanana
Wyss

2000

Valid.

Middle-Late Triassic [23]

Madagascar [23]

Daptocephalus

van Hoepen

1934

Valid

Late Permian

South Africa

Daqingshanodon

Zhu

1989

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Dicynodon [5]

Deccanodon

Nath
Yadagiri

2007

Valid.

Upper Triassic [24]

India [24]

Delphaciognathus

Broom

1932

Valid.

Delphinognathus

Seeley

1892

Valid.

Deuterosaurus

Eichwald

1860

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Diademodon

Seeley

1895

Valid.

Lower-Middle Triassic [12]

South Africa [12]

Diaelurodon

Broom

1911

Valid.

Dianzhongia

Cui

1981

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Dicynodon

Owen

1845

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Gondwana and Lausaria [1]

Dicynodontoides

Broom

1940

Valid.

Upper Permian [25]

South Africa [25]

Digalodon

Broom
Robinson

1948

Valid.

Upper Permian [25]

South Africa [25]

Probably valid taxon; needs further investigation [25]

Diictodon

Broom

1913

Valid.

Upper Permian [5]

China [5] and South Africa [3]

Dinanomodon

Broom

1938

Valid

Late Permian

South Africa

Dinodontosaurus

Romer

1943

Valid.

Middle Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Dinogorgon

Broom

1936

Valid.

Dinophoneus

Broom

1923

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Jonkeria [2]

Dinosaurus

Fischer

1847

Valid.

Dinosuchus

Broom

1936

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Anteosaurus [2]

Dixeya

Haughton

1926

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Aelurognathus [2]

Dolichuranus

Keyser

1973

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [5]

Zambia [5]

May be synonym of Shansiodon [5]

Doliosauriscus

Kuhn

1961

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Replacement name for Doliosaurus Orlov, 1958

Doliosaurus

Orlov

1958

Preocc.

N/A

N/A

Preoccupied by lizard Doliosaurus Girard, 1858 (Sauria: Iguania)

Dongusaurus

Vjuschkov

1964

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Dragocephalus

Brink
Kitching

1953

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Clelandina [2]

Driveria

Olson

1962

Valid.

Lower Permian [3]

United States of America [3]

Dvinia

Amalitskii

1922

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Ecteninion

Martinez
May
Forster

1996

Valid.

Upper Triassic [12]

Argentina [12]

Edaxosaurus

Kalandadze

1985

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Elatosaurus

Kalandadze

1985

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Elephantosaurus

Vjuschkov

1969

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Elliotherium

Sidor
Hancox

2006

Valid.

Upper Triassic [27]

South Africa [27]

Emydochampsa

Broom

1912

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Endothiodon [28]

Emydops

Broom

1912

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa and India [3]

Emydopsoides

van Hoepen

1934

Valid.

Emydorhynchus

Broom

1935

Valid.

Emydorhinus

Broom

1935

Valid.

Emyduranus

Broom

1921

Valid.

Endogomphodon

Broom

1932

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Endothiodon [28]

Endothiodon

Owen

1876

Valid.

Upper Permian [28]

South Africa, Tanzania, [28] Malawi and India [3]

Eoarctops

Haughton

1929

Valid.

Eocyclops

Broom

1913

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Eodicynodon

Barry

1974

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [29]

South Africa [29]

Eosimops

Broom

1922

Valid.

Eosyodon

Olson

1962

Valid.

Upper Permian [17]

United States of America [17]

Eotitanosuchus

Tchudinov

1960

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Ericiolacerta

Watson

1931

Valid.

Early Triassic [30]

South Africa [30]

Eriphostoma

Broom

1911

Valid.

Esoterodon

Seeley

1895

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Endothiodon [28]

Estemmenosuchus

Tchudinov

1960

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Euchambersia

Broom

1931

Valid.

Eumantellia

Broom

1935

Valid.

Eurosaurus

Eichwald

1860

Valid.

Eurychororhinus

Broili
Schroeder

1935

Valid.

Exaeretodon

Cabrera

1943

Valid.

Upper Triassic [31]

Brazil and Argentina [31]

Galechirus

Broom

1907

Valid.

Upper Permian [8]

South Africa [8]

Galeops

Broom

1912

Valid.

Upper Permian [8]

South Africa [8]

Galepus

Broom

1910

Valid.

Upper Permian [8]

South Africa [8]

Galerhynchus

Broom

1936

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Cerdorhinus [2]

Galesaurus

Owen

1859

Valid.

Galesuchus

Haughton

1915

Valid.

Geikia

Newton

1892

Valid.

Glanosuchus

Broom

1904

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Glochinodontoides

Haughton

1924

Valid.

Gomphodontosuchus

von Huene

1928

Valid.

Middle Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Gomphognathus

Seeley

1895

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Diademodon [2]

Gorgodon

Olson

1962

Valid.

Lower Permian [3]

United States of America [3]

Gordonia

Newton

1893

Valid.

Gorgonocephalus

author
author

19xx

Preocc.

Preoccupied by echinoderm Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815

Gorgonops

Owen

1876

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Habayia

Godefroit

1999

Valid.

Upper Triassic [32]

Belgium [32]

Haughtoniana

Boonstra

1938

Valid.

Hazhenia

Sun
Hou

1981

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

China [5]

Herpetoskylax

Sidor
Rubidge

2006

Valid.

Heuneus

Toerien

1953

Valid.

Hexacynodon

Tatarinov

1976

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Hipposauroides

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Hipposaurus

Haughton

1929

Valid.

Middle Permian [12]

South Africa [12]

Hofmeyria

Broom

1935

Valid.

Homodontosaurus

Broom

1949

Valid.

Hyenosaurus

Broom

1935

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Ianthodon

Kissel
Reisz

2004

Valid.

Ictidognathus

Broom

1911

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Ictidostoma [2]

Ictidopsis

Broom

1912

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Thrinaxodon [33]

Ictidorhinus

Broom

1913

Valid.

Upper Permian [12]

South Africa [12]

Ictidostoma

Broom

1931

Valid.

Ictidosuchoides

Broom

1931

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [34]

South Africa [34]

Ictidosuchops

Broom

1938

Valid.

Ictidosuchus

Broom

1910

Valid.

Idelesaurus

Kurkin

2006

Valid.

Upper Permian [35]

Russia [35]

Inostrancevia

Amalitskii

1922

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Irajatherium

Martinelli
Bonaparte
Schultz
Rubert

2005

Valid.

Upper Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Ischignathus

Bonaparte

1963

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Junior synonym of Exaeretodon [36]

Ischigualastia

Cox

1962

Valid.

Upper Triassic [12]

Argentina [12]

Ivantosaurus

Tchudinov

1983

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Jachaleria

Bonaparte

1971

Valid.

Upper Triassic [26]

Argentina and Brazil [26]

Jimusaria

Sun

1963

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Dicynodon [5]

Jonkeria

van Hoepen

1916

Valid.

Kannemeyeria

Seeley

1908

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

China, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Argentina [5]

If Rechnisaurus and Uralokannemeyeria are considered synonyms, the range also include Russia and India

Kawingasaurus

Cox

1972

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

Tanzania [3]

Kayentatherium

Kermack

1982

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [12]

United States of America [12]

Keratocephalus

von Huene

1931

Valid.

Kingoria

Cox

1959

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides Broom, 1940 [25]

Kitchingia

Broom
George

1950

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Knoxosaurus

Olson

1962

Valid.

Lower Permian [3]

United States of America [3]

Kombuisia

Hotton

1974

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [12]

South Africa [12]

Koupia

Boonstra

1948

Valid.

Kunminia

Young

1947

Nomen dubium

Lower Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Possible synonym of Morganucodon [5]

Kunpania

Sun

1973

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Dicynodon [5]

Kwazulusaurus

Maisch

2002

Valid.

Upper Permian [34]

South Africa [34]

Lamiasaurus

Watson

1914

Valid.

Lanthanocephalus

Modesto
Rubidge
Welman

2002

Preocc.

N/A

N/A

Preoccupied by cnidarian Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000

Lanthanostegus

Modesto
Rubidge
Welman

2003

Valid.

Upper Permian [37]

South Africa [37]

Replacement name by Lanthanocephalus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 2002

Lemurosaurus

Broom

1949

Valid.

Upper Permian [38]

South Africa [38]

Leontocephalus

Broom

1940

Valid.

Leptotrachelus

Watson

1921

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Gorgonops [2]

Likhoelia

Ginsburg

1961

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Tritylodon [2]

Limnostygis

Carroll

1967

Valid.

Lobalopex

Sidor
Hopson
Keyser

2004

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [39]

South Africa [39]

Lophorhinus

Sidor
Smith

2007

Valid.

Middle Permian [40]

South Africa [40]

Luangwa

Brink

1963

Valid.

Middle Triassic [12]

Zambia [12] and Brazil [26]

Lufengia

Chow
Hu

1959

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Lumkuia

Hopson
Kitching

2001

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

South Africa [12]

Lycaenodon

Broom

1925

Valid.

Upper Permian [41]

South Africa [41]

Lycaenodontoides

Haughton

1929

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Arctognathus [2]

Lycaenoides

Broom

1925

Valid.

Lycaenops

Broom

1925

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Lycideops

Broom

1931

Valid.

Lycosuchus

Broom

1903

Valid.

Lystrosaurus

Cope

1870

Valid.

Upper Permian - Early Triassic [34]

South Africa, Zambia, India, China, Mongolia, Russia, Antarctica, Australia and Laos [34]

Madysaurus

Tatarinov

2005

Valid.

Massetognathus

Romer

1967

Valid.

Middle Triassic [42]

Brazil and Argentina [42]

Mastersonia

Olson

1962

Valid.

Lower Permian [3]

United States of America [3]

Maubeugia

Godefroit
Battail

1997

Valid.

Megacyclops

Broom

1931

Preocc.

N/A

N/A

Preoccupied by crustacean Megacyclops Kiefer, 1927. Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Megagomphodon

Romer

1972

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Massetognathus [2]

Megawhaitsia

Ivakhnenko

2008

Valid.

Upper Permian [4]

Russia [4]

Melinodon

Broom

1905

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Bauria [2]

Menadon

Flynn
Parrish
Rakotosamimanana
Ranivoharimanana
Wyss

2000

Valid.

Middle-Late Triassic [23]

Madagascar [23]

Micranteosaurus

Boonstra

1954

Valid.

Micrictodon

Broom

1937

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Thrinaxodon [33]

Microgomphodon

Seeley

1895

Valid

Early Triassic

South Africa

Microscalenodon

Hahn
Lepage
Wouters

1988

Valid.

Microsyodon

Ivakhnenko

1995

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Microurania

Ivakhnenko

1996

Valid.

Upper Permian [13]

Russia [13]

Mnemeiosaurus

Nopsca

1928

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonymy of Deuterosaurus [1]

Molybdopygus

Tchudinov

1964

Valid.

Mormosaurus

Watson

1914

Valid.

Moschognathus

Broom

1914

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Moschops [2]

Moschoides

Byrne

1937

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Moschops [2]

Moschops

Broom

1911

Valid.

Upper Permian [30]

South Africa [30]

Moschorhinus

Broom

1920

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [34]

South Africa [34]

Moschosaurus

Haughton

1915

Valid.

Moschowhaitsia

Tatarinov

1963

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Mucrotherium

von Huene

1933

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Oligokyptus [2]

Myctosuchus

Efremov

1937

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Venyukovia [2]

Myosauroides

Broom

1949

Valid.

Myosaurus

Haughton

1917

Valid.

Lower Triassic [43]

South Africa and Antarctica [43]

Nanictocephalus

Broom

1940

Valid.

Nanictops

Carroll

1988

Valid.

Nanictosaurus

Broom

1936

Valid.

Nanocynodon

Tatarinov

1968

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Nanogomphodon

Hopson
Sues

2006

Valid.

Middle Triassic [44]

Germany [44]

Nasoplanites

Surkov

1999

Valid.

Middle Triassic [21]

Russia [21]

Nearctylodon

Lewis

1986

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Kayentatherium [2]

Neomegacyclops

Broom

1931

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Newtonella

Broom

1937

Valid.

Niaftasuchus

Ivakhnenko

1990

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Nikkasaurus

Ivakhnenko

2000

Valid.

Nitosaurus

Romer

1937

Valid.

Lower Permian [45]

United States of America [45]

Niuksenitia

Tatarinov

1977

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Notaelurops

Broom

1936

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Notosollasia

Broom

1925

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Notosyodon

Tchudinov

1968

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Kazakhstan [1]

Nothogomphodon

Tatarinov

1976

Valid.

Middle Triassic [21]

Russia [21]

Odontocyclops

Keyser
Cruickshank

1979

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Oligokyphus

Henning

1922

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [5]

China, England, Germany and United States of America [5]

Ordosia

Hou

1979

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Ordosiodon [5]

Ordosiodon

Young

1961

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

China [5]

Orthopus

Kutorga

1838

Valid.

Otsheria

Tchudinov

1960

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Oudenodon

Owen

1860

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [46]

South Africa, Zambia, Madagascar, [46] Malawi and India [3]

Pachydectes

Rubidge
Sidor
Modesto

2006

Valid.

Middle Permian [47]

South Africa [47]

Pachyrhinos

Broili
Schroeder

1934

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Gorgonops [2]

Pachytegos

Haughton

1932

Valid.

Upper Permian [28]

Tanzania [28]

Palemydops

Broom

1921

Valid.

Parabradysaurus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Paraburnetia

Smith
Rubidge
Sidor

2006

Valid.

Upper Permian [48]

South Africa [48]

Paragalerhinus

Sigogneau-Russell

1970

Valid.

Parakennemeyeria

Sun

1960

Valid.

Lower-Middle Triassic [5]

China [5]

Paranteosaurus

Boonstra

1954

Valid.

Parascapanodon

Boonstra

1955

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Parascapanodon [2]

Parathrinaxodon

Parrington

1936

Valid.

Pardocephalus

Broom

1948

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Arctops [2]

Parringtoniella

Toerien

1953

Valid.

Parvobestiola

Surkov

1999

Valid.

Middle Triassic [21]

Russia [21]

Pascualgnathus

Bonaparte

1966

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

Argentina [12]

Patranomodon

Rubidge
Hopson

1990

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [8]

South Africa [8]

Pedaeosaurus

Colbert
Kitching

1979

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [43]

South Africa and Antarctica [43]

Pelanomodon

Broom

1938

Valid.

Upper Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Pelorocyclops

van Hoepen

1934

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Permocynodon

Sushkin

1927

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Dvinia [1]

Phocosaurus

Seeley

1888

Valid.

Phoneosuchus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Phreatosaurus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Middle Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Phreatosuchus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Middle Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Phthinosaurus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Phthinosuchus

Efremov

1954

Valid.

Placerias

Lucas

1904

Valid.

Platycraniellus

van Hoepen

1916

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

South Africa [12]

Platycyclops

Broom

1932

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Rhachiocephalus [2]

Plintogomphodon

Sues
Olsen
Carter

1999

Valid.

Late Triassic [49]

United States of America [49]

Pnigalion

Watson

1914

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Moschops [2]

Poecilospondylus

Case

1910

Syn.

Polistodon

He
Cai

1984

Valid.

Middle Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Porosteognathus

Vjuschkov

1955

Valid.

Upper Permian [13]

Russia [13]

Pravoslavleria

Vjuschkov

1953

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Pristerodon

Huxley

1868

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa and India [3]

Pristerognathus

Seeley

1895

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Probelesodon

Romer

1969

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon [12]

Proburnetia

Tatarinov

1968

Valid.

Upper Permian [19]

Russia [19]

Procynosuchus

Broom

1937

Valid.

Upper Permian [30]

South Africa [30]

Prodicynodon

Broom

1904

Valid.

Proexaerotodon

Bonaparte

1963

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Exaerotodon [2]

Progalesaurus

Sidor
Smith

2004

Valid.

Lower Triassic [50]

South Africa [50]

Prolystrosaurus

Haughton

1917

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Lystrosaurus [2]

Promoschorhynchus

Brink

1954

Valid.

Propelanomodon

Toerien

1955

Valid.

Prorubidgea

Broom

1940

Valid.

Protacmon

Watson

1920

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Diademodon [2]

Protheriodon

Bonaparte
Soares
Schultz

2006

Valid.

Middle Triassic [51]

Brazil [51]

Protuberum

Reichel
Schultz
Soares

2009

Valid.

Middle Triassic [52]

Brazil [52]

Prozostrodon

Bonaparte
Barberena

2001

Valid.

Middle Triassic [26]

Brazil

Pseudanteosaurus

Boonstra

1954

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Anteosaurus [2]

Pseudhipposaurus

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Rabidosaurus

Kalandadze

1970

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Raranimus

Liu
Rubidge
Li

2009

Valid.

Middle Permian [53]

China [53]

Rechnisaurus

Roychodhury

1970

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [54]

India [54]

Considered synonym of Kannemeyeria [5]

Regisaurus

Mendrez

1972

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

South Africa [5]

Reiszia

Ivakhnenko

2000

Valid.

Rewaconodon

Datta
Das
Luo

2004

Valid.

Late Triassic [24]

India [24]

Rhachiocephalus

Seeley

1898

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Rhadiodromus

Efremov

1951

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Rhigosaurus

Colbert
Kitching

1979

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [43]

South Africa and Antarctica [43]

Rhinocerocephalus

Vjuschkov

1969

Valid.

Rhinodicynodon

Kalandadze

1970

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

May be synonym of Shansiodon [5]

Rhopalodon

Fischer

1841

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Rhopalorhinus

Keyser

1973

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [5]

Namibia [5]

May be synonym of Shansiodon [5]

Riebeeckosaurus

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Riograndia

Bonaparte
Ferigolo
Ribeiro

2001

Valid.

Late Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Robertia

Boonstra

1948

Valid.

Middle-Upper Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Rosieria

Godefroit
Battail

1997

Valid.

Rubidgea

Broom

1938

Valid.

Rubidgina

Broom

1942

Valid.

Rusconodon

Bonaparte

1970

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

Argentina [12]

Junior synonym of Andescynodon

Sangusaurus

Cox

1969

Valid.

Santacruzodon

Abdala
Ribeiro

2003

Valid.

Middle Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Sauroctonus

Bystrov

1955

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Scalenodon

Crompton

1955

valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Tanzania and Russia [1]

Scalenodontoides

Crompton
Ellenberger

1957

Valid.

Scalopognathus

Tatarinov

1974

Valid.

Early Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Scalopolacerta

Mendrez
Carroll

1979

Valid.

Scaloposaurus

Owen

1876

Valid.

Scapanodon

Broom

1904

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Titanosuchus [2]

Scylacops

Broom

1913

Valid.

Scoliomus

Williston
Case

1915

Syn.

Lower Permian [55]

United States of America [55]

Junior synonym of Sphenacodon [55]

Scullya

Broom

1929

Valid.

Scylacorhinus

Broom

1915

Valid.

Scylacosaurus

Broom

1903

Valid.

Scylacosuchus

Tatarinov

1968

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Scymnognathus

Broom

1915

Valid.

Scymnorhinus

Bonaparte

1846

Valid.

Scymnosaurus

Broom

1903

Valid.

Sesamodon

Broom

1905

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Bauria [2]

Sesamondon

author
author

19xx

Valid.

Shaanbeikannemeyeria

Cheng

1980

Valid

Early Triassic

China

Shansiodon

Yeh

1959

Valid.

Middle Triassic [5]

China [5]

Silphedosuchus

Tatarinov

1977

Valid.

Silphoictidoides

von Huene

1950

Valid.

Simorhinella

Broom

1915

Valid.

Sinognathus

Young

1959

Valid.

Middle Triassic [5]

China [5]

Sinokannemeyeria

Young

1937

Valid.

Middle Triassic [5]

China [5]

Sinophonus

Cheng
Li

1996

Valid.

Upper Permian [15]

China [15]

Smilesaurus

Broom

1948

Valid.

Late Permian

South Africa

Stahleckeria

von Huene

1935

Valid.

Lower-Upper Triassic [12]

Brazil [12]

Stenocybus

Cheng
Li

1997

Valid.

Upper Permian [15]

China [15]

Steppesaurus

Olson
Beerbower

1953

Valid.

Lower Permian [3]

United States of America [3]

Striodon

Sun

1973

Nomen dubium

N/A

N/A

Striodon magnus is regarded as a nomen dubium, and its type specimen is identified as Dicynodon sp. [5]

Struthiocephaloides

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Struthiocephalus

Haughton

1915

Valid.

Middle Permian [17]

South Africa [17]

Struthionops

Boonstra

1952

Valid.

Storthyggnathus

Janesch

1952

Valid.

Styracocephalus

Haughton

1929

Valid.

Suminia

Ivakhnenko

1994

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Sycosaurus

von Huene

1950

Valid.

Synostocephalus

Broili
Schroeder

1935

Valid.

Syodon

Kutorga

1838

Valid.

Sysphinctostoma

Broili
Schroeser

1936

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Diademodon [2]

Tangagorgon

Boonstra

1953

Valid.

Taognathus

Broom

1911

Valid.

Tapinocaninus

Rubidge

1991

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Tapinocephalus

Owen

1876

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Taurocephalus

Broom

1928

Valid.

Taurops

Broom

1912

Valid.

Tetraceratops

Matthew

1908

Valid.

Lower Permian [56]

United States of America [56]

Placement within Therapsida questioned [57]

Tetracynodon

Broom
Robinson

1948

Valid.

Upper Permian - Lower Triassic [34]

South Africa [34]

Tetragonias

Cruickshank

1967

Valid.?

Middle Triassic [5]

South Africa [5]

May be synonym of Shansiodon [5]

Theriognathus

Owen

1876

Valid.

Upper Permian [4]

South Africa [4]

Theropsis

Cabrera

1943

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Exaerotodon [2]

Theropsodon

von Huene

1950

Valid.

Thrinaxodon

Seeley

1894

Valid.

Lower Triassic [33]

South Africa and Antarctica [33]

Tigrisaurus

Broom
George

1950

Valid.

Titanognathus

Broili
Schroeder

1935

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Anteosaurus [2]

Titanophoneus

Efremov

1938

Valid.

Upper Permian [13]

Russia [13]

Titanosuchus

Owen

1876

Valid.

Upper Permian [30]

South Africa [30]

Traversodon

von Huene

1936

Valid.

Middle Triassic [26]

Brazil [26]

Traversodontoides

Young

1974

Valid.

Middle Triassic [5]

China [5]

Triachodontoides

Broom

1932

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Trirachodon [2]

Triglyphus

Fraas

1866

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Tritylodon [2]

Trirachodon

Seeley

1895

Valid.

Tritheledon

Broom

1912

Valid.

Tritylodon

Owen

1884

Valid.

Tritylodontoides

Fourie

1962

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Tritylodon [2]

Trochosuchus

Broom

1908

Valid.

Trochosaurus

Haughton

1915

Valid.

Tropidostoma

Broom

1915

Valid.

Middle Permian [3]

South Africa [3]

Trucidocynodon

Oliveira
Soares
Schultz

2010

Valid.

Upper Triassic [58]

Brazil [58]

Turfanodon

Sun

1973

Valid

Late Permian

China

Ulemica

Ivakhnenko

1996

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Ulemosaurus

Ryabinin

1938

Valid.?

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Considered synonym of Moschops [2]

Uniserium

von Huene

1933

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Oligokyptus [2]

Uralocynodon

Tatarinov

1987

Valid.

Upper Permian [1]

Russia [1]

Uralokannemeyeria

Danilov

1971

Valid.

Middle Triassic [1]

Russia [1]

Uraniscosaurus

Nopsca

1928

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Deuterosaurus [1]

Urumchia

Young

1952

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

China [5]

Venyukovia

Amaltskii

1922

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Viatkosuchus

Tatarinov

1995

Valid.

Vinceria

Bonaparte

1969

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

Argentina [12]

Wadiasaurus

Roychodhury

1970

Valid.

Middle Triassic [54]

India [54]

Wangwusaurus

Young

1979

Valid.

Watsoniella

Broili
Schroder

1935

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Bauria [2]

Whaitsia

Haughton

1918

Syn.

N/A

N/A

Synonym of Theriognathus [4]

Xiyukannemeyeria

Liu
Li

2003

Valid.

Xyrospondylus

Reisz
Heaton
Pynn

1982

Valid.

Yikezhaogia

Li

1984

Valid.

Lower Triassic [5]

China [5]

Yunnania

Cui

1976

Preocc.

N/A

N/A

Preoccupied by gastropod Yunnania Mansuy, 1912

Yunnanodon

Cui

1986

Valid.

Lower Jurassic [5]

China [5]

Replacement name by Yunnania Cui, 1976 [5]

Zambiasaurus

Cox

1969

Valid.

Lower Triassic [12]

Zambia [12]

Zopherosuchus

Tchudinov

1983

Valid.

Upper Permian [6]

Russia [6]

Zorillodontops

Cluver

1969

Valid.

Aelurognathus Aelur tigriceps1DB.jpg
Aelurognathus
Aloposaurus Aloposaurus gracilis.jpg
Aloposaurus
Anomocephalus AnomocephalusDB.jpg
Anomocephalus
Anteosaurus Anteosaurus magnificus.jpg
Anteosaurus
Aulacocephalodon Aulacocephalodon12DB.jpg
Aulacocephalodon
Bauria Bauria DB.jpg
Bauria
Biarmosuchus Biarmosuchus.jpg
Biarmosuchus
Charassognathus Charassognathus.jpg
Charassognathus
Cistecephalus Cistecephalus1DB.jpg
Cistecephalus
Clelandina Clelandina1DB.jpg
Clelandina
Cyonosaurus Cyonosaurus1DB.jpg
Cyonosaurus
Deuterosaurus Deuterosaurus2DB.jpg
Deuterosaurus
Dicynodon Dicynodon BW.jpg
Dicynodon
Diictodon Diictodon.jpg
Diictodon
Dinodontosaurus Dinodontosaurus skeleton UFRGS.jpg
Dinodontosaurus
Dinogorgon DinogorgonDB.jpg
Dinogorgon
Endothiodon Endothiodon.jpg
Endothiodon
Eodicynodon Eodicynodon BW.jpg
Eodicynodon
Eotitanosuchus Eotitanosuchus head.jpg
Eotitanosuchus
Ericiolacerta EriciolacertaDB.jpg
Ericiolacerta
Estemmenosuchus Estemmenosuchus mirabilis.jpg
Estemmenosuchus
Galepus Galepus skull.jpg
Galepus
Glanosuchus Pristeroognathus DB.jpg
Glanosuchus
Gorgonops Gorgonops torvus1DB.jpg
Gorgonops
Inostrancevia Inostrancevia.jpg
Inostrancevia
Ischigualastia Ischigualastia.jpg
Ischigualastia
Jonkeria Jonkeria ingens.jpg
Jonkeria
Kannemeyeria Kannemeyeria BW.jpg
Kannemeyeria
Keratocephalus KeratocephalusDB.jpg
Keratocephalus
Kingoria KingoriaDB.jpg
Kingoria
Lemurosaurus Lemurosaurus.jpg
Lemurosaurus
Lycaenops Lycaenops ornatus.jpg
Lycaenops
Lycosuchus Lycosuchus1.jpg
Lycosuchus
Lystrosaurus Lystrosaurus BW.jpg
Lystrosaurus
Microurania Microurania2DB.jpg
Microurania
Moschops Moschops.jpg
Moschops
Moschorhinus Moschorhinus kitch1DB.jpg
Moschorhinus
Nikkasaurus Nikkasaurus1DB.jpg
Nikkasaurus
Paraburnetia Paraburnetia DB.jpg
Paraburnetia
Placerias Placerias1DB.jpg
Placerias
Rabidosaurus Rabidosaurus12DB.jpg
Rabidosaurus
Raranimus Raranimus dashankouensis (2).jpg
Raranimus
Regisaurus Regisaurus1DB.jpg
Regisaurus
Robertia Robertia1DB.jpg
Robertia
Sesamodon Sesamodon1VI.jpg
Sesamodon
Sinokannemeyeria SinokannemeyeriaYingchiaoensis-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg
Sinokannemeyeria
Stahleckeria Stahleckeria1DB.jpg
Stahleckeria
Struthiocephalus Struthiocephalus DB.jpg
Struthiocephalus
Styracocephalus StyracocephalusDB.jpg
Styracocephalus
Suminia Suminia.jpg
Suminia
Tetraceratops Tetraceratopsinsignis1DB.jpg
Tetraceratops
Theriognathus Theriognathus.jpg
Theriognathus
Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon Lionhinus.jpg
Thrinaxodon
Titanosuchus Titanosuchus ferox.jpg
Titanosuchus
Ulemosaurus Ulemosaurus22DB.jpg
Ulemosaurus

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Therapsida</span> Clade of tetrapods including mammals

Therapsida is a clade comprising a major group of eupelycosaurian synapsids that includes mammals and their ancestors and close relatives. Many of the traits today seen as unique to mammals had their origin within early therapsids, including limbs that were oriented more underneath the body, resulting in a more "standing" quadrupedal posture, as opposed to the lower sprawling posture of many reptiles and amphibians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cynodontia</span> Clade of therapsids

Cynodontia is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian, and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives (Mammaliaformes), having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic.

<i>Diictodon</i> Extinct genus of dicynodonts

Diictodon is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont that lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 255 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Madumabisa Mudstone of the Luangwa Basin in Zambia and the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Abrahamskraal Formation, Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Middleton or Balfour Formation of South Africa and the Guodikeng Formation of China. Roughly half of all Permian vertebrate specimens found in South Africa are those of Diictodon. This small herbivorous animal was one of the most successful synapsids in the Permian period.

<i>Tapinocephalus</i> Assemblage Zone

The Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone which correlates to the middle Abrahamskraal Formation, Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a fossiliferous and geologically important geological Group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. The thickest outcrops, reaching approximately 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), occur from Merweville and Leeu-Gamka in its southernmost exposures, from Sutherland through to Beaufort West where outcrops start to only be found in the south-east, north of Oudshoorn and Willowmore, reaching up to areas south of Graaff-Reinet. Its northernmost exposures occur around the towns Fraserburg and Victoria West. The Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone is the second biozone of the Beaufort Group.

<i>Cistecephalus</i> Assemblage Zone

The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone found in the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a majorly fossiliferous and geologically important geological group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. This biozone has outcrops located in the Teekloof Formation north-west of Beaufort West in the Western Cape, in the upper Middleton and lower Balfour Formations respectively from Colesberg of the Northern Cape to east of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape. The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is one of eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be Late Permian in age.

<i>Daptocephalus</i> Assemblage Zone Biozone of fossils

The Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone found in the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a majorly fossiliferous and geologically important Group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. This biozone has outcrops located in the upper Teekloof Formation west of 24°E, the majority of the Balfour Formation east of 24°E, and the Normandien Formation in the north. It has numerous localities which are spread out from Colesberg in the Northern Cape, Graaff-Reniet to Mthatha in the Eastern Cape, and from Bloemfontein to Harrismith in the Free State. The Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone is one of eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group and is considered Late Permian (Lopingian) in age. Its contact with the overlying Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone marks the Permian-Triassic boundary.

<i>Lystrosaurus</i> Assemblage Zone

The Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone which correlates to the upper Adelaide and lower Tarkastad Subgroups of the Beaufort Group, a fossiliferous and geologically important geological Group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. This biozone has outcrops in the south central Eastern Cape and in the southern and northeastern Free State. The Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone is one of eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be Early Triassic in age.

<i>Cynognathus</i> Assemblage Zone Biozone which correlates to the Burgersdorp Formation of the Beaufort Group

The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod biozone utilized in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. It is equivalent to the Burgersdorp Formation, the youngest lithostratigraphic formation in the Beaufort Group, which is part of the fossiliferous and geologically important Karoo Supergroup. The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone is the youngest of the eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be late Early Triassic (Olenekian) to early Middle Triassic (Anisian) in age. The name of the biozone refers to Cynognathus crateronotus, a large and carnivorous cynodont therapsid which occurs throughout the entire biozone.

<i>Tropidostoma</i> Assemblage Zone

The Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone which correlates to the lower Teekloof Formation, Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a fossiliferous and geologically important geological Group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. The thickest outcrops, reaching approximately 240 metres (790 ft), occur from east of Sutherland through to Beaufort West and Victoria West, to areas south of Graaff-Reinet. Its northernmost exposures occur west/north-west of Colesberg. The Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone is the fourth biozone of the Beaufort Group.

The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It contains the oldest known fossils of tetrapods from Antarctica, including synapsids, reptiles and amphibians. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burnetiidae</span> Extinct family of therapsids

Burnetiidae is an extinct family of biarmosuchian therapsids that lived in the Permian period whose fossils are found in South Africa, Zambia and Russia. It contains Bondoceras, Bullacephalus, Burnetia, Mobaceras, Niuksenitia, Paraburnetia and Proburnetia.

<i>Eosimops</i> Extinct genus of dicynodonts

Eosimops is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodonts. They were small synapsids superficially resembling modern mammals. Eosimops is known from several skull specimens, as well as one complete skeleton. Eosimops lived during the Middle Permian of South Africa.

<i>Tetragonias</i> Extinct genus of dicynodonts

Tetragonias is an extinct genus of dicynodont from the Anisian Manda Beds of Tanzania. With tetra meaning “four,” and goni meaning “angle,” the name references the square shape of the Tetragonias skull when viewed dorsally. Not to be confused with the plant Tetragonia,Tetragonias were dicynodont anomodonts discovered in the late 1960s by paleontologist A. R. I. Cruickshank in the Manda Formation. Only the type species, T. njalilus, has been recognized.

<i>Langbergia</i> Extinct genus of cynodonts

Langbergia is an extinct genus of trirachodontid cynodont from the Early Triassic of South Africa. The type and only species L. modisei was named in 2006 after the farm where the holotype was found, Langberg 566. Langbergia was found in the Burgersdorp Formation in the Beaufort Group, a part of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone. The closely related trirachodontids Trirachodon and Cricodon were found in the same area.

Menadon is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts. The type and only species is Menadon besairiei.

Christian Alfred Sidor is an American vertebrate paleontologist. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Biology, University of Washington in Seattle, as well as Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology and Associate Director for Research and Collections at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. His research focuses on Permian and Triassic tetrapod evolution, especially on therapsids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abrahamskraal Formation</span> Geological formation of the Beaufort Group in South Africa

The Abrahamskraal Formation is a geological formation and is found in numerous localities in the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It is the lowermost formation of the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a major geological group that forms part of the greater Karoo Supergroup. It represents the first fully terrestrial geological deposits of the Karoo Basin. Outcrops of the Abrahamskraal Formation are found from the small town Middelpos in its westernmost localities, then around Sutherland, the Moordenaarskaroo north of Laingsburg, Williston, Fraserburg, Leeu-Gamka, Loxton, and Victoria West in the Western Cape and Northern Cape. In the Eastern Cape outcrops are known from Rietbron, north of Klipplaat and Grahamstown, and also southwest of East London.

Titanogomphodon is an extinct genus of diademodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic Omingonde Formation of Namibia. It is known from a single partial skull that was described in 1973 from the Omingonde Formation. The type and only species is Titanogomphodon crassus. At about 40 centimetres (16 in), the skull of Titanogomphodon was significantly larger than that of its closest relative, Diademodon. Its teeth are similar to those of another group of cynodonts called Traversodontidae, but the similarities are likely the result of convergent evolution. Aside from its larger size, Titanogomphodon differs from Diademodon in having a bony projection on the postorbital bar behind the eye socket.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anomocephaloidea</span> Extinct clade of therapsids

Anomocephaloidea is a clade of basal anomodont therapsids related to the dicynodonts known from what is now South Africa and Brazil during the Middle Permian. It includes only two species, Anomocephalus africanus from the Karoo Basin of South Africa and Tiarajudens eccentricus from the Paraná Basin of Brazil. Anomocephaloidea was named in 2011 with the discovery of Tiarajudens, although Anomocephalus itself has been known since 1999.

<i>Leucocephalus</i> Extinct genus of therapsids

Leucocephalus is a genus of biarmosuchian belonging to the family Burnetiidae dating to the Wuchiapingian. It was found in the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa. It is a monotypic taxon which contains one only species, Leucocephalus wewersi. The genus name Leucocephalus is derived from Greek. Leucos, meaning white; kephalos, meaning skull, as the Leucocephalus skull discovered was unusually pale. The species epithet wewersi comes from the farm employee who found the skull, Klaus ‘Klaasie’ Wewers.

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