1929 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . ^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1929.

Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Asplenium occidentale [2]	Sp nov	Jr synonym	Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA   Washington	A spleenwort species. A jr homonym of Asplenium occidentale Knowlton (1917) Moved to Osmunda occidentale (1940)	Osmunda occidentale
Woodsia bonseri [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA   Washington	A woodsia fern species.	Woodsia bonseri
Woodwardia praeradicans [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA   Washington	A chain fern species.	Woodwardia praeradicans

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pinus latahensis [2]	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington	A 5-needle pine species	Pinus latahensis
Pinus macrophylla [2]	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington	A 3-needle pine species. Jr homonym of Pinus macrophylla Lindley, 1839	Pinus macrophylla
Pinus monticolensis [2]	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington	A pine seed morphospecies	Pinus monticolensis
Pinus tetrafolia [2]	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington	A punitive 4-needle pine species Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species"	Pinus tetrafolia
Tsuga latahensis [2]	Sp nov	Valid?	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington	First described as a hemlock conescale. [3] Suggested to be a bud scale in 1937. [4] Treated as an incertae sedis plant by Chaney & Axelrod (1959). [5]	Tsuga latahensis

Angiosperms

Monocots

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Potamogeton heterophylloides [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A pondweed species Moved to Keteleeria heterophylloides (1935) [6]	Keteleeria heterophylloides

Magnoliids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Liriodendron hesperia [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Liriodendron species	Liriodendron hesperia
Sassafras hesperia [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington		A Sassafras species	Sassafras hesperia
Umbellularia dayana [2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA   Oregon		An Umbellularia species Moved from Salix dayana (1902) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952) [7]	Umbellularia saliciformis
Umbellularia lanceolata [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		An Umbellularia species later moved to Persea lanceolata (1946) [8]	Persea lanceolata

Superasterids - basal

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Arctostaphylos knowltoni [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a bearberry species Species synonymized into Vaccinium sophoroides (1937) [4]	Vaccinium sophoroides
Arctostaphylos spatulata [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A bearberry species	Arctostaphylos spatulata
Cornus acuminata [2]	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington		A Schoepfia species jr homonym of ''Cornus acuminata'' (Weber) Renamed Cornus republicensis in 1944 Moved to Schoepfia republicensis in 1987 [9]	Schoepfia republicensis
Gordonia pteraformis [10]	Comb nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		Suggested as a possible Gordonia species Moved from Carpolithes pteraformis 1929 Moved to Cedrela pteraformis (1935) [7]	Cedrela pteraformis
Nyssa knowltoni [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Nyssa species Species synonymized into Ptelea miocenica (1931) [7]	Ptelea miocenica
Nyssa magnifica [2]	Comb nov	valid	(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Nyssa species Moved from Carpites magnifica (1926) [11]	Nyssa magnifica
Ternstroemites idahoensis [2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Payette Formation	USA   Idaho		A theaceous species Moved from Myrica? idahoensis (1919) Moved to Gordonia idahoensis 1929
Vaccinium americanum [2]	Comb et Syn nov	valid?	(Lesquereux) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA   Oregon	Salix pseudoargentea (1902) Vaccinium salicoides (1926) [11]	A Vaccinium species Moved from Santalum americanum (1883) Two species synonymized Vaccinium salicoides resurrected as incertae sedis (1959) [5]	Vaccinium salicoides
Vaccinium bonseri [2]	Sp et "var" nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Vaccinium species One variety named V. bonseri serrulatum	Vaccinium bonseri
Vaccinium spokanense [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Vaccinium species	Salix spokanensis

Superasterids - euasterids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Apocynophyllum latahense [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A apocynaceous species Moved to Magnolia latahensis [4]	Magnolia latahensis
Porana microcalyx [2]	Comb nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Porana species Moved from Diospyros? microcalyx (1926) [11]	Porana microcalyx
Umbelliferospermum [2]	Gen et Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		An apiaceous fruit genus The type species is U. latahense	Umbelliferospermum latahense
Viburnum fernquisti [2]	Sp nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Viburnum seed morphospecies	Viburnum fernquisti
Viburnum lantanafolium [2]	Sp nov	valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Viburnum leaf morphospecies	Viburnum lantanafolium

Superrosids - Basal

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Menziesia knowltoni [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Menziesia species	Rhododendron knowltoni
Ribes fernquisti [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a gooseberry species Renamed and moved to Viburnum ribesiforme (1944) [7]	Viburnum ribesiforme

Superrosids - Fabids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Alnus elliptica [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA   Washington		An alder species Synonymized into Alnus parvifolia (1987) [9]	Alnus parvifolia
Alnus prerhombifolia [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		An alder species Synonymized into Alnus carpinoides (1937) [4] Synonymized into Alnus hollandiana (1959) [5]	Alnus hollandiana
Amygdalus alexanderi [12]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as an Amygdalus species Synonymized into Fagus washoensis (1937) [4]
Cassia sophoroides [2]	Comb nov	jr synonym	(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		Recombined as a Cassia species Moved from Phyllites sophoroides (1926) Moved to Vaccinium sophoroides (1937) [4]	Vaccinium sophoroides
Cassia spokanensis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a Cassia species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935)	Cedrela pteraformis
Celastrus spokanensis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a staff vine species Synonymized into Gordonia idahoensis (1959) [5]	Gordonia idahoensis
Cercocarpus praeledifolius [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A mountain mahogany species	Cercocarpus praeledifolius
Comptonia hesperia [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A sweet fern species	Comptonia hesperia
Cucurbita glandulosa [7]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation	United States (  Colorado)		First identified as a gourd seed morphotype Moved to Punctaphyllum glandulosum in 2023 [13]
Euonymus knowltoni [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Euonymus species	Hydrangea knowltoni
Hibiscus? occidentalis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a possible Hibiscus seed species Moved to Mentzelia occidentalis (1935)	Mentzelia occidentalis
Leguminosites alexanderi [2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A fabaceous fruit species of uncertain affinity	Leguminosites alexanderi
Leguminosites bonseri [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a fabaceous species of uncertain affinity Synonymized into Umbellularia dayana (1937) Synonymized into Umbellularia saliciformis (1952) [7]	Umbellularia saliciformis
Meibomites knowltoni [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a fabaceous species Synonymized into Exbucklandia oregonensis (1946) [8]	Exbucklandia oregonensis
Menispermites latahensis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a menispermaceous species Synonymized into Vitis washingtonensis (1937) [4]	Vitis washingtonensis
Quercus treleasii [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as an oak species Synonymized into Sophora spokanensis (1937) [4]	Sophora spokanensis
Rhamnus spokanensis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a buckthorn species Moved to Salix spokanensis (1937) [4]	Salix spokanensis

Superrosids - Malvids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aesculus hesperia [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a horse chestnut species Synonymized into Viburnum lantanafolium (1937) [4]	Viburnum lantanafolium
Sapindus armstrongi [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1937) [4]	Cedrela pteraformis
Sapindus spokanensis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a soap berry species Synonymized into Cedrela pteraformis (1935)
Tilia hesperia [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		A Tilia species Synonymized into Tilia aspera (1935)	Tilia aspera

incertae sedis

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Carpolithus pteraformis [2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA   Washington		First named as a seed of uncertain affinity Moved to Gordonia pteraformis later in 1929 [10] Moved to Cedrela pteraformis (1935)	Cedrela pteraformis

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cycloprosopon [ citation needed ]			Lorenthey & Beurlen

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Permotipula [14]		Valid	Tillyard	Permian Changhsingian - Wuchiapingian	Newcastle Coal Measures	Australia   New South Wales	A protodipteran scorpionfly

Archosauromorphs

• Barosaurus gastroliths documented. ^[15]

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. ^[16]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anodontosaurus [17]		Valid	Sternberg	Cretaceous Edmontonian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada   Alberta	An ankylosaurid.	Anodontosaurus lambei
Antarctosaurus [18]	Gen et 2 sp nov	Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous early Campanian	Anacleto Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. The type species is A. wichmannianus Also included is A. giganteus	Antarctosaurus wichmannianus
Campylodon [18]	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	von Huene	Cretaceous Cenomanian	Bajo Barreal Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. Preoccupied by Campylodon Dumeril, 1852. Moved to Campylodoniscus in 1961
Helopus [19]	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	Wiman	Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian	Mengyin Formation	China	A Euhelopodid titanosaur. The type species is H.zdanskyi Genus name preoccupied by Helopus Wagler Renamed and moved to Euhelopus in 1956	Euhelopus zdanskyi
Laplatasaurus [18]		Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur related to members of Lognkosauria. The type species is L. araukanicus	Laplatasaurus araukanicus
Loricosaurus [18]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. The type species is L. scutatus Possibly a jr synonym of Neuquensaurus
Paranthodon [20]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Nopcsa	Cretaceous Berriasian	Kirkwood Formation	South Africa	A stegosaur. The type species is Palaeoscincus africanus (1912)	Paranthodon africanus
Rhodanosaurus [20]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	Nopcsa	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Gres a Reptiles	France	A dubious nodosaurid. The type species is R. ludguensis
Tanius [19]		Valid	Wiman	Cretaceous Campanian	Jingangkou Formation	China	A hadrosauroid. The type species is T. sinensis	Tanius
Teinurosaurus	Gen nov	Nomen dubium .	Nopcsa	Jurassic Kimmeridgian	Mont-Lambert Formation	France	A neotheropod.	Teinurosaurus

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eoarctops	Gen et sp nov	jr synonym	Haughton	Permian Capitanian		South Africa	A gorgonopsid therapsid. The type species is E. vanderbyli A jr synonym of Eriphostoma microdon	Eriphostoma microdon
Hipposaurus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian	Beaufort Group Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A biarmosuchian therapsid. The type species is H. boonstrai	Hipposaurus boonstrai
Scullya	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Broom				A titanosuchid dinocephalian
Styracocephalus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian		South Africa	A tapinocephalian therapsid	Styracocephalus

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
2. Berry, E.W. (1929). "A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation". USGS Professional Paper Series (PDF). Vol. PP 154-H. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154H.
3. Berry, E.W. (1932). "A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931 (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 31–42. doi: 10.3133/pp170C . 170-C.
4. Brown, R. W. (1937). Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States (PDF) (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 186. United States Geological Survey. pp. 163–206. doi:10.3133/pp186J.
5. Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226. Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library
6. Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.
7. LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.
8. Brown, R.W. (1946). "Alterations in some fossil and living floras". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 36 (10): 344–355.
9. Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi: 10.3133/b1597 .
10. Berry, E.W. (1929). "Gordonia from the Miocene of Idaho and Washington". American Journal of Science. 18 (107): 430. Bibcode:1929AmJS...18..429B. doi:10.2475/ajs.s5-18.107.429.
11. Knowlton, F.H. (1926). "Flora of the Latah Formation of Spokane, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1925 (PDF) (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 140. United States Geological Survey. pp. 17–55, plates VIII-XXXI. doi:10.3133/pp140A.
12. Berry, E.W. (1929). "The genus Amygdalus in North America". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 19 (2): 41–43. JSTOR   24523498.
13. Correa Narvaez, J. E.; Allen, S. E.; Huegele, I. B.; Manchester, S. R. (2023). "Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) [sic] from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 184 (3): 177–200. doi:10.1086/724018.
14. Willmann, R. (1989). "Rediscovered: Permotipula patricia, the oldest known fly". Naturwissenschaften. 76 (8): 375–377. Bibcode:1989NW.....76..375W. doi:10.1007/BF00366210.
15. Janensch, W. (1929). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
16. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
17. Sternberg, C.H. 1929. A toothless armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bull. Natl. Mus. Can. 54: pp. 28-33.
18. von Huene, F. (1929). "Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo Argentino". Anales del Museo de la Plata (in Spanish). 3 (3): 1–196.
19. Wiman, C. 1929. Die Kreide-dinosaurier aus Shantung. Pal. Sin. C 1: pp. 1-67.
20. Nopcsa, F. 1929. Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenburgen. V. Geol. Hungarica Set. Paleontol. 4: pp. 1-76.

• Janensch, W. (1929). Magensteine bei Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica (Suppl. 7) 2:135-144.
• Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.