1931 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1931.

Contents

Vertebrates

Conodonts

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Idiognathodus [2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Gunnell

Gzhelian

Fort Scott Limestone

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri

The type species is I. simulator

Jawless fish

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Cardipeltis [3]

Gen est sp nov

Valid

Branson & Mehl

Devonian

Jefferson Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah

A heterostracan agnathan
The type species is C. wallacii.

Cardipeltis wallacii Cardipeltis wallacii.jpg
Cardipeltis wallacii

Crocodylomorphs

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Brasileosaurus [4] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Huene Turonian Adamantina Formation Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Named as a coelurosaurbut reclassified as a notosuchid [5]

Dinosaurs

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Carcharodontosaurus [6] Gen. et comb. nov.Valid Stromer Cenomanian Bahariya Formation Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt A new genus for Megalosaurus saharicus Carcharodontosaurus saharicus skeletal.jpg
Cionodon kysylkumense [7] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Riabinin Cenomanian Dzharakuduk Formation Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan A species of Cionodon
Embasaurus minax [8] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Riabinin Berriasian Neocomian sands Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan A theropod of uncertain placement
Orthogoniosaurus matleyi [9] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Das-Gupta Maastrichtian Lameta Formation Flag of India.svg  India An indeterminate theropod tooth-taxon
Parasaurolophus tubicen [10] Sp. nov.Valid Wiman Campanian Kirtland Formation Flag of the United States.svg  USA A species of Parasaurolophus
Tetragonosaurus praeceps [11] Gen. et sp. nov. Jr. synonym Parks Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada A juvenile of Lambeosaurus
Tetragonosaurus erectofrons [11] Sp. nov. Jr. synonym Parks Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada A juvenile of Corythosaurus

Synapsids

New taxa

NameStatusAuthorsAgeLocationNotesImages

Cerataelurus

Junior synonym of Pristerodon.

Ericiolacerta

Valid

Watson250 Millions of years ago.Despite the meaning of his name, it was not related to lizards.
Ericiolacerta Ericiolacerta BW.jpg
Ericiolacerta

Euchambersia

Valid

Broom

Ictidostoma

Valid

Broom261 Millions of years ago.

Ictidosuchoides

Valid

Broom257 Millions of years ago.
Ictidosuchoides Ictidosuchoides.jpg
Ictidosuchoides

Keratocephalus

Valid

Huene261 Millions of years ago.A protomammal with strange bumps on its head.
Keratocephalus KeratocephalusDB.jpg
Keratocephalus

Lycideops

Valid

Broom257 Millions of years ago.

Megacyclops

Junior synonym of Neomegacyclops . [ dubious discuss ]

Neomegacyclops

Valid

Boonstra

Arthropods

Insects

Blattoidea

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Stylotermes washingtonensis [12]

sp. nov

Jr synonym

Snyder

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A Stylotermitid termite.
Moved to Parastylotermes washingtonensis (1949) [13]

Coleoptera

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Pterostichus fernquisti [14]

sp. nov

Wickham

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A carabid ground beetle

Dytiscus latahensis [14]

sp. nov

Wickham

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A predaceous diving beetle

Diptera

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Elephantomyia baltica [15]

Sp. nov

valid

Alexander

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

Flag of Russia.svg  Russia

A Limoniid cranefly

Hymenoptera

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Bombus proavus [16]

Sp. nov

Cockerell

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A bumble bee

Hemiptera

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Latahcoris [16]

Gen et sp. nov

Cockerell

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A tessaratomid giant stink bug
The type species is L. spectatus

Miocordulia [17]

Gen et sp. nov

Kennedy

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A corduliid dragonfly
The type species is M. latipennis

Miopsyche [18]

Gen et 2 sp. nov

Carpenter

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A northern caddisfly genus
The type species is M. alexanderi
Also includes M. martynovi

Phryganea spokanensis [18]

Sp. nov

Carpenter

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A giant caddisfly species

Plants

Angiosperms

Monocots

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Lysichiton washingtonense [19]

Sp nov

Valid?

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

First described as a skunk cabbage fruit species
Treated as placement incertae sedis by Chaney & Axelrod (1959) [20]

Lysichiton washingtonense Lysichiton washingtonense USNM P38621 Plate11 Fig2.jpg
Lysichiton washingtonense

Superasterids

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Nyssa hesperia [19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A tuplo seed species. [21]

Superrosids

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Vitis bonseri [19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A grape seed species.

Hicoria washingtoniana [19]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

First described as a hickory species.
Synonymized into Magnolia dayana

Magnolia dayana Magnolia dayana as Hicoria washingtoniana USNM specimen Plate11 Fig4.jpg
Magnolia dayana

Quercus mccanni [19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

An oak species.

Quercus mccanni Quercus mccanni USNM specimen Plate11 Fig6.jpg
Quercus mccanni

Ptelea miocenica [19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

An hoptree species.

Ptelea miocenica Ptelea miocenica USNM specimen Plate12 Fig7.jpg
Ptelea miocenica

Incertae sedis

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationSynonymized taxaNotesImages

Phyllites couleeannus [19]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

First described as a leaf morphospecies of uncertain affinity.
Moved to Amelanchier couleeana (1946) [22]

Amelanchier couleeana Amelanchier couleeana as Phyllites couleeanus USNM specimen Plate13 Fig12.jpg
Amelanchier couleeana

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. Gunnell, F. (1931). "Conodonts from the Fort Scott Limestone of Missouri". Journal of Paleontology. 5 (3): 244–252. JSTOR   1297961.
  3. Branson, E.B.; Mehl, M.G. (1931). "Fishes of the Jefferson Formation of Utah". The Journal of Geology. 39 (6): 509–531. Bibcode:1931JG.....39..509B. doi:10.1086/623876. JSTOR   30080820.
  4. Huene, F. 1931. Die fossilien Faehrten in Rhaet von Ischigualasto in Nordwest Argentinien. Paleob. 4 (2) Viena.
  5. Simpson (1937). "An ancient eusuchian crocodile from Patagonia". American Museum Novitates (965): 1–20.
  6. Stromer, E. 1931. Vertebrate animal remainders of the Baharije stage (lowest Cenoman). 10. A skeleton remainder of Carcharodontosaurus Nov. towards. Abh. Bavarian Akad. Wissensch. Math. natutwiss. Abbott. 9: pp. 1 23.
  7. Riabinin, A.N. (1930). "К вопросу о фауне и возрасте динозавровых слоев на р. Амур" [On the dinosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the lower parts of the Amu-Daria River]. Записки Российского минералогического общества. 60 (1): 114–118.
  8. Riabinin, A.N. 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. Zapiski Russkogo Min. Obshchestva (ser. 2) 60: pp. 110-113.
  9. Dasgupta, H.C. 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (Orthogoniosaurus matleyi, n. gen. et. n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 26: pp. 367-369.
  10. Wiman, C. (1931). "Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp. aus der Kreide in New Mexico". Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, Series IV. 7 (5): 3–11.
  11. 1 2 Parks, W.A. (1931). "A new genus and two new species of trachodont dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta". University of Toronto. Geological Studies. 31: 1–11.
  12. Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington IV. Isoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317.
  13. Emerson, A.E. (1971). "Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 146 (3): 243–304. hdl:2246/1093.
  14. 1 2 Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington V. Coleoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317–318.
  15. Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117434 . PMC   4338262 . PMID   25706127.
  16. 1 2 Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 309–312. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.309.
  17. Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 313–316.
  18. 1 2 Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 319–322. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.319.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Berry, E.W. (1932). "A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931 (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 31–42. doi: 10.3133/pp170C . 170-C.
  20. Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226. Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library
  21. Eyde, R.H. (1997). "Fossil record and ecology of Nyssa (Cornaceae)". The Botanical Review. 63 (2): 97–123. Bibcode:1997BotRv..63...97E. doi:10.1007/BF02935928.
  22. Brown, R.W. (1946). "Alterations in some fossil and living floras". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 36 (10): 344–355.