1923 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1923.

Contents

Plants

Conifers

Araucariaceae

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Araucarioxylon texense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Glen Rose Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

An araucarian wood morphospecies

Araucarioxylon texense Araucarioxylon texense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate15 fig61.png
Araucarioxylon texense

†Cheirolepidiaceae

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Brachyoxylon comanchense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Glen Rose Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

Brachyoxylon comanchense Brachyoxylon comanchense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate13 fig44.png
Brachyoxylon comanchense

Brachyoxylon raritanense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

Brachyoxylon raritanense Brachyoxylon raritanense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate13 fig47.png
Brachyoxylon raritanense

Brachyoxylon woodworthianum [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

Brachyoxylon woodworthianum Brachyoxylon woodworthianum holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate12 fig37.png
Brachyoxylon woodworthianum

Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"

Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate14 fig52.png
Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides

Telephragmoxylon comanchense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"

Telephragmoxylon comanchense Telephragmoxylon comanchense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate15 fig57.png
Telephragmoxylon comanchense

Voltzioxylon [2]

Gen et sp nov

jr synonym

Torrey

Triassic
Late Triassic

Dockum group

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphogenus
Considered a jr synonym of Protocupressinoxylon (1949)
The type species is V. dockumense

Protocupressinoxylon dockumense Protocupressinoxylon dockumense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate8 fig1.png
Protocupressinoxylon dockumense

Cupressaceae

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Metacupressinoxylon [2]

Gen et comb nov

Torrey

Jurassic

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  UK
Flag of England.svg  England

A cupressaceous wood morphogenus
The type species is Paracupressinoxylon cedroides (1913)

Paracupressinoxylon trinitense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Trinity Group

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A cupressaceous wood morphospecies
location given as "near Weatherford, Texas"

Paracupressinoxylon trinitense Paracupressinoxylon trinitense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate14 fig51.png
Paracupressinoxylon trinitense

Sequoioxylon [2]

Gen, sp, et comb nov

Torrey

Cretaceous
Maastrichtian

Laramie Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Montana.svg  Montana

A redwood wood morphogenus
The type species is S. montanense
Includes the new species S. dakotense, S. laramense
Also includes Sequoia burgessii (1903)

Sequoioxylon montanense Sequoioxylon montanense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate10 fig19.png
Sequoioxylon montanense

Pinaceae

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Abies longirostris [3] [4]

Sp nov

jr Synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A possible bristlecone fir species
A jr synonym of Abies rigida (1990)

Abies rigida [3] [4]

Sp nov

valid

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A possible bristlecone fir species

Abies rigida Abies rigida UCMP-3772 NPS img1.jpg
Abies rigida

Pinus coloradensis [3] [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A bristle cone pine species
A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)

Pinus crossii [3] [4]

Sp nov

Valid

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A bristle cone pine species

Pinus similis [3] [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A bristle cone pine species
A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)

Pityoxylon scituatensiforme [2]

Comb nov

(Bailey) Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey

A pinaceous wood morphospecies
Moved from Pinus scituatensiforme (1911)

Pityoxylon scituatensiforme Pityoxylon scituatensiforme transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate8 fig3.png
Pityoxylon scituatensiforme

Pseudotsuga annulata [2]

Comb nov

(Platen) Torrey

Pliocene

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of California.svg  California

A Douglas fir wood morphospecies
Moved from Pityoxylon annulatum (1907)

Pseudotsuga annulata Pseudotsuga annulata transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate8 fig4.png
Pseudotsuga annulata

Podocarpaceae

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Podocarpoxylon dakotense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Cretaceous

Laramie group

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of North Dakota.svg  North Dakota

A "podocarpaceous" wood morphospecies
Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

Podocarpoxylon texense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Eocene

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas

A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "lignite mine at Rockdale station, Texas"

Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

Podocarpoxylon texense Podocarpoxylon texense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate8 fig7.png
Podocarpoxylon texense

Podocarpoxylon washingtonense [2]

Sp nov

Torrey

Miocene

Wilkes Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington

A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Salmon Creek"
Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

Podocarpoxylon washingtonense Podocarpoxylon washingtonense holotype transverse section Torrey 1923 Plate9 fig12.png
Podocarpoxylon washingtonense

Angiosperms

Basal eudicots

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Odostemon hakeaefolia [3] [4]

Comb nov

Jr synonym

(Lesquereux) Knowlton

Eocene
Priabonian

Florissant Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A Mahonia species
Moved from Lomatia hakeaefolia (1883)
Moved to Mahonia hakeaefolia (1936)
Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Odostemon(?) marginata [3] [4]

Comb nov

Jr synonym

(Lesquereux) Knowlton

Eocene
Priabonian

Florissant Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A Mahonia species
Moved from Hedera marginata (1883)
Moved to Mahonia marginata (1936)
Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Superroids

Fagales
NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Alnus? larseni [3] [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

First identified as a possible Alder species
Moved to Populus larsenii (1990)

Rubus? inquirendus [3] [4]

Sp nov

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

A possible bramble species flower

Malvales
NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Sterculia aceroides [3] [4]

Sp nov

Jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

First identified as a Sterculia species
Moved to Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Incertae sedis

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Phyllites potentilloides [3] [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Huerto Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

First identified as a leaf of uncertain affiliation
Moved to Sorbus potentilloldes (1987)

Arthropoda

Insects

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Archimyrmex [5]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Cockerell

Eocene
Lutetian

Green River Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  USA

A myrmeciine ant
The type species is A. rostratus

Archimyrmex rostratus Archimyrmex rostratus UCM15174 profile.jpg
Archimyrmex rostratus

Archosauromorpha

Dinosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Altispinax [6] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Huene Valanginian Wadhurst Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England A possible carcharodontosaurid
Corythosaurus excavatus [7] Sp. nov. Jr. synonym Gilmore Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Flag of Alberta.svg  Alberta Junior synonym of Corythosaurus intermedius
Corythosaurus intermedius [8] Sp. nov.Valid Parks Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Flag of Alberta.svg  Alberta A species of Corythosaurus
Lambeosaurus [8] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Parks Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Flag of Alberta.svg  Alberta A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid Lambeosaurus UDL.png
Lametasaurus [9] Gen. et sp. nov Nomen dubium Matley Maastrichtian Lameta Formation Flag of India.svg  India A composite of abelisaurid and titanosaur remains
Pentaceratops [10] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Osborn Campanian Kirtland Formation Flag of New Mexico.svg  New Mexico A chasmosaurine ceratopsid Pentaceratops BW.jpg
Protiguanodon [11] Gen. et sp. nov. Junior synonym Osborn Barremian Öösh Formation Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia A junior synonym of Psittacosaurus .
Protoceratops [12] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Granger & Gregory Campanian Djadochta Formation Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia A protoceratopsid ceratopsian Protoceratops reconstruction.png
"Protrachodon" [13] Nomen nudum Nopcsa Maastrichtian Haţeg Basin Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Mentioned in passing during discussion of Orthomerus
Psittacosaurus [11] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Osborn Barremian Öösh Formation Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia A psittacosaurid ceratopsian. Psittacosaurus model.jpg
Thecocoelurus [6] Gen. nov. Nomen dubium Huene Barremian Wessex Formation Flag of England.svg  England New genus for "Thecospondylus" daviesi Seeley, 1888

Pterosaurs

New taxa

NameStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Anurognathus

Valid

Döderlein

Tithonian

Solnhofen Limestone

Flag of Germany.svg  Germany

An anurognathid. a Pterosaur with a Bat-like lifestyle.

Anurognathus AnurognathusDB white background.jpg
Anurognathus

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

NameStatusAuthorsAgeLocationNotesImages

Burnetia

Valid

Robert Broom

255 million years ago

A biarmosuchian, a member of Burnetiidae. with weird-looking knobs on its head.

Burnetia Burnetia mirabilisDB.jpg
Burnetia

Dinophoneus

Junior synonym

Robert Broom

A titanosuchid. Junior synonym of Jonkeria .

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Torrey, R. E. (1923). "The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3: Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods". Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 3. Vol. 6 (no. 2). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 38–103.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Knowlton, F.H. (1923). Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of South-Сentral Colorado (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 131-G. United States Geological Survey. pp. 183–197. doi: 10.3133/pp131G .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Wolfe, J.A.; Schorn, H.E. (1990). Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, southern Colorado (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1923. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–40. doi: 10.3133/b1923 .
  5. Dlussky, G.M. (2012). "New Fossil Ants of the Subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany". Paleontological Journal. 46 (3): 288–292. doi:10.1134/s0031030111050054.
  6. 1 2 Huene, F. von. 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 34: pp. 449-458.
  7. Gilmore, C.W. (1923). "A new species of Corythosaurus with notes on other Belly River Dinosauria". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 37: 46–52.
  8. 1 2 Parks, W.A. (1923). "Corythosaurus intermedius, a new species of trachodont dinosaur". University of Toronto. Geological Studies. 15: 5–57.
  9. Matley, C.A. 1923. Note on an armoured dinosaur from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Rec. Geol. Survey India 55 (2): pp. 105-109.
  10. Osborn, H.F. 1923. A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops stennbergi. Amer. Mus. Novitates 93: pp. 1-3.
  11. 1 2 Osborn, H.F. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mongolia. Amer. Mus. Novitates 95: pp. 1-10.
  12. Granger, W. and W.K. Gregory. 1923. Protoceratops andrewsi, a preceratopian dinosaur from Mongolia. Amer. Museum Novitates 42: pp. 1-9.
  13. B. F. Nopcsa. 1923. On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian fauna in the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new tortoise (Kallokibotion). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 74:100-116