| Reiszia Temporal range: middle Permian | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida |
| Suborder: | † Biarmosuchia |
| Family: | † Nikkasauridae |
| Genus: | † Reiszia |
| Species | |
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Reiszia is an extinct genus of therapsids from European Russia belonging to the family Nikkasauridae.
Two species are known, Reiszia gubini and R. tippula, both found in middle Permian sediments in the Mezen River Basin of European Russia. R. gubini is known from a partial skull and mandible, while R. tippula is known only from a mandible. [1] [2]
Dinosaurus is an extinct genus of therapsid of controversial affinities. Its type and only species is Dinosaurus murchisonii. It is only known from a partial snout from the Permian of Russia. Its taxonomic history is intertwined with several other poorly-known Russian therapsids, particularly Rhopalodon, Brithopus, and Phthinosuchus.
Eotitanosuchus is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids whose fossils were found in the town of Ochyor in Perm Krai, Russia. It lived about 267 million years ago. The only species is Eotitanosuchus olsoni.
Biarmosuchia is an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. Biarmosuchians are the most basal group of the therapsids. They were moderately-sized, lightly-built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont "pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation.
Nikkasaurus is an extinct genus of therapsids.
Megawhaitsia is an extinct genus of large therapsids, potentially a therocephalian. It lived in the Late Permian in East Russia, and is known only by a maxilla, with a skull estimated to be 40–50 cm.
Nikkasauridae is a family of biarmosuchian therapsids. It contains two genera Nikkasaurus and Reiszia.
Eurosaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids. Its taxonomic history is intertwined with that of the therapsids Brithopus and Orthopus and the temnospondyl Melosaurus.
Mesenosaurus is an extinct genus of amniote. It belongs to the family Varanopidae. This genus includes two species: the type species Mesenosaurus romeri from the middle Permian Mezen River Basin of northern Russia, and Mesenosaurus efremovi from the early Permian (Artinskian) Richards Spur locality. M. romeri’s stratigraphic range is the middle to late Guadalupian while M. efremovi’s stratigraphic range is the Cisuralian.
Niaftasuchus is an extinct genus of therapsids. Its type and only named species is Niaftasuchus zekkeli.
Ulemica is an extinct genus of venjukoviid therapsids. It was a basal member of the suborder Anomodontia that existed during the Middle Permian in Russia. The type species, U. invisa, was assigned to the genus Venjukovia prior to being placed within its own genus in 1996. This small anomonodont is only known from a partial skull found in the Amanakskaya Formation.
Raranimus is an extinct genus of therapsids of the Middle Permian. It was described in 2009 from a partial skull found in 1998 from the Dashankou locality of the Xidagou Formation, outcropping in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China. The genus is the most basal known member of the clade Therapsida, to which the later Mammalia belong.
Gorochovetzia is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia. Fossils have been found in the Gorokhovetsky District of Vladimir Oblast. Gorochovetzia is a member of the family Hofmeyriidae. Its type and only species is G. sennikovi, named in 2011. The skull is short and very robust. The canine teeth are large, while those behind them have enlarged crowns and serrated edges. The lower jaw is deep and curved upward.
Purlovia is an extinct genus of herbivorous therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia. Together with the closely related South African genus Nanictidops, it is a member of the family Nanictidopidae. Fossils have been found from the Tonshayevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The type species of Purlovia, P. maxima, was named in 2011.
Muchia is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia. Fossils have been found in the Kotelnichsky District of Kirov Oblast. The type species M. microdenta was named in 2011. Muchia is known only from a fragment of the lower jaw, making its classification among therocephalians uncertain. It is thought to be within the subfamily Tetracynodontinae, part of the larger group Baurioidea. Other members of the group such as Tetracynodon and Malasaurus are known from more complete material, and have small elongated skulls. Muchia probably had a similar appearance to these therocephalians.
Lanthaniscus is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid ankyramorph parareptile known from the Guadalupian epoch of Eastern Europe, Russia. Lanthaniscus was first named by M. F. Ivakhnenko in 1980 and the type species is Lanthaniscus efremovi. L. efremovi was originally described on the basis of the holotype PIN 3706/9 from Peza-1 locality, Krasnoshchel' Formation, of Arkhangelsk. Various authors had assigned it to the family Lanthanosuchidae; however, Ivakhnenko, who described an additional specimen of L. efremovi in 2008, assigned Lanthaniscus to its own family, the Lanthaniscidae. The additional specimen PIN 4543/2, was collected from the same formation as the holotype, from the Nisogora locality, which is slightly younger in age.
Novocynodon is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. Fossils have been found in Alexandrovsky District, Orenburg Oblast. The type and only species is Novocynodon kutorgai. It was classified as a thrinaxodontid cynodont when first described in 2012, but this was disputed by Kammerer (2014), who argued that it might instead be a juvenile anomodont or dinocephalian.
Phthinosaurus is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. The type species Phthinosaurus borrisiaki was named by Soviet paleontologist Ivan Yefremov in 1940 on the basis of an isolated lower jaw. Because this jaw provides few distinguishing characteristics, the evolutionary relationships of Phthinosaurus are poorly known. Yefremov named the family Phthinosuchidae in 1954 to include Phthinosaurus and the newly named Phthinosuchus, which was described on the basis of a crushed partial skull. American paleontologist Everett C. Olson placed both of these therapsids in the larger infraorder Phthinosuchia in 1961. In 1974 Leonid Tatarinov named the family Phthinosauridae to include Phthinosaurus alone, retaining Phthinosuchus within Phthinosuchidae.
Venyukoviamorpha is an extinct superfamily of anomodont therapsids under the superorder Venyukovoidea. While the exact placement of many genera within the basal anomodonts is contentious, it is generally accepted that the Venyukoviamorpha represent a monophyletic clade.
Parasumina is an extinct genus of anomodont known from the late Capitanian age at the end of the middle Permian period of European Russia. The type and only species is Parasuminia ivakhnenkoi. It was closely related to Suminia, another Russian anomodont, and was named for its resemblance. Little is known about Parasuminia as the only fossils are of fragmentary pieces of the skull and jaw, but the known remains suggest that its head and jaws were deeper and more robust than those of Suminia, and with shorter, stouter teeth. However, despite these differences they appear to have been similar animals with a similarly complex method of processing vegetation.
Leogorgon is a extinct genus of dubious therapsid from the Late Permian of Russia. It was originally classified as a rubidgeine gorgonopsian, and would have been the first member of that clade from outside of Africa if that identification had been valid. However, it may instead be a combination of the tooth of a gorgonopsian and the braincase of a dicynodont, and may be a wastebin taxon.
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