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Deuterosaurus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids, one of the non-mammalian synapsids dominating the land during the late Paleozoic.
Gorgonops is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids, of which it is the type genus, having lived during the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), about 260–254 million years ago in what is now South Africa.
Ericiolacerta is an extinct genus of small therocephalian therapsids from the early Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica.
Tetraceratops insignis is an extinct synapsid from the Early Permian that was formerly considered the earliest known representative of Therapsida, a group that includes mammals and their close extinct relatives. It is known from a single 90-millimetre-long (3.5 in) skull, discovered in Texas in 1908. According to a 2020 study, it should be classified as a primitive non-therapsid sphenacodont rather than a genuine basal therapsid.
Phthinosuchus is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. Phthinosuchus is the sole member of the family Phthinosuchidae. Phthinosuchus may have been one of the most primitive therapsids, meaning that its ancestors may have branched off early from the main therapsid line.
Pristerognathus is an extinct genus of therocephalian, known from the late Middle Permian (Capitanian) of South Africa. It lends its name to the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group of South African geological strata. Pristerognathus was a medium-sized therocephalian with a 25 cm (9.8 in) skull and a total length up to 1.5 m.
Australosyodon is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids from the middle Permian of South Africa. The first fossil was discovered in the 1980s near the village of Prince Albert Road in the Karoo region of South Africa.
Nikkasaurus is an extinct genus of therapsids first named and described by Ivakhnenko.
Microurania is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian first named and described by Mikhaïl Ivakhnenko. It is known from a single partial skull found in the region of Orenburg, Russia. According to Kammerer, 2011, it likely represents the remains of a juvenile dinocephalian.
Kamagorgon is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. The type and only species is Kamagorgon ulanovi. It is only known from an incomplete skull. The snout is short and the canine teeth are very large. Kamagorgon was named in 1998 and originally classified in the biarmosuchian family Eotitanosuchidae along with the poorly known therapsid Eotitanosuchus. More recently, Kamagorgon has considered as a primitive gorgonopsian rather than a biarmosuchian due to the length of the front jawbone and rear side of the skull. These features are commonly shared by the brithopodid and biarmosuchid lineages.
Regisaurus is an extinct genus of small carnivorous therocephalian. It is known from a single described species, the type species Regisaurus jacobi, from the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa, although at least one undescribed species is also known.
Annatherapsidus is an extinct genus of therocephalians. It was a fairly small animal with a length of 91 cm and a 22 cm skull.
Biseridens is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsid, and one of the most basal anomodont genera known. Originally known from a partial skull misidentified as an eotitanosuchian in 1997, another well-preserved skull was found in the Xidagou Formation, an outcropping in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China, in 2009 that clarified its relationships to anomodonts, such as the dicynodonts.
Glanosuchus is a genus of scylacosaurid therocephalian from the Late Permian of South Africa. The type species G. macrops was named by Robert Broom in 1904. Glanosuchus had a middle ear structure that was intermediate between that of early therapsids and mammals. Ridges in the nasal cavity of Glanosuchus suggest it had an at least partially endothermic metabolism similar to modern mammals.
Venyukovia is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. Venyukovia is known from many partial skull remains and was a common animal from the Isheevo fauna in Russia. Venyukovia had a 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long skull.
Ulemica is an extinct genus of venjukoviid therapsids. It was a basal member of the suborder Anomodontia that existed during the Middle Permian in Russia. The type species, U. invisa, was assigned to the genus Venjukovia prior to being placed within its own genus in 1996. This small anomonodont is only known from a partial skull found in the Amanakskaya Formation.
Raranimus is an extinct genus of therapsids of the Middle Permian. It was described in 2009 from a partial skull found in 1998 from the Dashankou locality of the Xidagou Formation, outcropping in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China. The genus is the most basal known member of the clade Therapsida, to which the later Mammalia belong.
Aulacephalodon is an extinct genus of medium-sized dicynodonts, or non-mammalian synapsids, that lived during Permian period, about 299-252 million years ago. Individuals of Aulacephalodon are commonly found in the Lower Beaufort Group of the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa and Zambia. Rising to dominance during the Late Permian, Aulacephalodon were the dominant terrestrial vertebrate herbivores until they became extinct during the Triassic. No living relatives of Aulacephalodon exist today. Two species have been named, the type species, A. bainii, and a second species, A. peavoti. However, debate exists among paleontologists if A. peavoti is a true member of the genus Aulacephalodon. Therefore, a majority of the information known about Aulacephalodon is in reference to discoveries about A. bainii.
Gorgodon is an extinct genus of basal synapsids. The genus is monotypic, known only from the type species Gorgodon minutus from the Early Permian of the southwestern United States. The only known remains of Gorgodon are two fossils consisting of fragments of the skull. Gorgodon was described and named by paleontologist Everett C. Olson in 1962 from the San Angelo Formation in Knox County, Texas. Based on what is known of Gorgodon—the squamosal, quadrate, and pterygoid bones of the back of the skull, the maxilla and premaxilla bones that make up the front of the skull, and several teeth—Gorgodon had a relatively large temporal fenestra and a pair large, conical caniniform teeth at the front of the jaw. Other distinguishing features of Gorgodon include the fused connection between the quadrate and squamosal bones and a long transverse process of the pterygoid.
Abdalodon is an extinct genus of late Permian cynodonts, known by its only species A. diastematicus.Abdalodon together with the genus Charassognathus, form the clade Charassognathidae. This clade represents the earliest known cynodonts, and is the first known radiation of Permian cynodonts.
References
- The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
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