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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1991.
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et comb nov | valid | A walnut relative. | ||||||
Gen et sp nov | Valid | Erwin & Stockey | A lilialean genus of uncertain placement | |||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov | Valid | MacKay | A ponerin ant | |||||
Sp nov | Valid | Nel | A sieblosiid damselfly | ![]() |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov | Valid | Isakar | ||||||
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. [8]
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid taxon | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | An alvarezsaurid. | ![]() | ||||
Valid taxon | Salgado and Jose Bonaparte | Early Cretaceous (Barremian) | A dicraeosaurid. with Spines on its Neck | ![]() | |||
Valid taxon | Bolotsky & Kurzanov | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | |||||
Valid taxon | Calvo and Bonaparte | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | An alvarezsaurid. | ||||
Junior synonym | George Olshevsky. | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | A junior objective synonym of Altispinax ; new genus for "Acrocanthosaurus" altispinax Paul (1988). | ||||
Valid taxon | Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | A troodontid. | ||||
Janenschia [15] | Valid taxon | Wild | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) | A non-titanosauriform macronarian; new genus for "Gigantosaurus" robustus E. Fraas (1908). | |||
Valid taxon | George Olshevsky | Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) | A sauropod of uncertain affinities. | ||||
Junior synonym | Hunt & S.G. Lucas | A junior synonym of Coelophysis . | |||||
Gillette | |||||||
Valid taxon | Le Loeuff and Buffetaut | ||||||
Valid taxon | Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell | Late Cretaceous | An ornithischian of unknown affinities. | ||||
Tochisaurus [19] | Valid taxon | Kurzanov and Osmolska | Cretaceous | ||||
Junior synonym | George Olshevsky | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) | Junior synonym of Supersaurus ; replacement name for Ultrasaurus Jensen 1985 (preoccupied). | ||||
Valid taxon | George Olshevsky | Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian) | An ornithomimosaur; new genus for "Megalosaurus" oweni Lydekker (1889). | ||||
Valid taxon | A Noasaur. | ![]() | |||||
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, | A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. | |||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Anatidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | An Accipitridae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Corvidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Corvidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | An Acanthisittidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Strigidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Strigidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Strigidae, the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Strigidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, transferred to the genus Akialoa Olson et James, 1995 by Olson et James, 1995. [24] | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | An Accipitriformes, Horusornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1991, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Plioperdix Kretzoi, 1955 as Plioperdix hungarica Comb. nov. by Nikita V. Zelenkov & Andrey V. Panteleyev. [27] | ||||||
Valid | Subsp. nov. | A member of the family Phasianidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Pavo aesculapi; Zelenkov (2016) transferred it to the genus Syrmaticus and raised it to the rank of a separate species Syrmaticus phasianoides. [28] | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Late Early Miocene | ||||||
Valid | Subsp. nov. | A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Porzana estramosi; Zelenkov (2017) transferred it to the genus Zapornia and raised it to the rank of a separate species Zapornia veterior. [31] | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Rallidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Rallidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Rallidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Rallidae. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Rallidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, the type and only species of the genus, no longer considered a bird. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Pseudodontornithidae Lambrecht, 1933. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Furnariidae, Philydorinae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species of Rallicrex ; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Rallus . [31] | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Tytonidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | |||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, the type species of the new genus. | ||||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Willis & Molnar | Late Oligocene - Early Miocene | A mekosuchine crocodilian described from a multitude of skeletons. | ![]() | |||
| ||||||||||||||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Lower Permian | Formerly assigned as an eosuchian diapsid, was restudied and classified as a varanopid synapsid. [37] | ![]() | |||
Valid |
| Upper Permian | A sphenacodontid synapsid. | ![]() | |||
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