1998 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . ^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Flora

Lycophytes

Lycophyte research

• Wehr (1998) reports, without description, Selaginella species spikemoss fossils occurring in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation. ^[2]

Fungi

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Cryptodidymosphaerites [3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Currah, Stockey, & LePage	Eocene Ypresian	Allenby Formation Princeton Chert	Canada   British Columbia	A hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus of uncertain family affinity. The type species is C. princetonensis Its hosted by the phyllachoralean fungus Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis
Palaeoserenomyces [3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Currah, Stockey, & LePage	Eocene Ypresian	Allenby Formation Princeton Chert	Canada   British Columbia	A parasitic phyllachoralean fungus of uncertain family affinity. The type species is P. allenbyensis Its hosted by the fan palm Uhlia allenbyensis . Its hyperparasitized by Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis

Fungal research

• Currah, Stockey, & LePage (1998) describe the a phyllachoralean "tar spot" parasitizing Uhlia palm leaves, and host for a hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus. They note them to be one of the first occurrences of hyperparasitic relationships in the fossil record. ^[3]

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ursquilla [4]	Gen nov	Valid	Hof	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Mishash Formation Amman Silicified Limestone Formation	Israel   Jordan	A mantis shrimp, type species is U. yehoachi (originally named as Eryon yehoachi in 1955).
Tyrannophontes acanthocercus [5]	Sp nov	Jr synonym	Jenner, Hof & Schram	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	USA	A mantis shrimp, moved to the genus Daidal (2007) [6]

Newly named insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthostichus hispaniolicus [7]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Dorylinae ant	Acanthostichus hispaniolicus
Aquarius lunpolaensis [8]	Comb nov.	valid	(Lin) Andersen	Miocene	Lunpola Basin	China	A water strider Moved from Gerris lunpolaensis
Carabus neli [9]	Sp nov.	valid	Deuve	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	A ground beetle	Carabus neli
Cylindromyrmex antillanus [10]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Dorylinae ant	Cylindromyrmex antillanus
Daniavelia [8]	Gen et sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	MØclay Fur Formation	Denmark	A macroveliid water strider The type species is D. morsensis
Electrovelia [8]	Gen et sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Lutetian	Baltic Amber	Denmark	A riffle bug The type species is P. baltica
Eocenometra longicomis [8]	Sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	MØclay 0lst/Fur Formations	Denmark	A marsh treader
Ledouxnebria [9]	Gen et sp nov.	valid	Deuve	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	A ground beetle	Ledouxnebria brisaci
Limnoporus wilsoni [8]	Sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Driftwood shales	Canada   British Columbia	A water strider
Palaeogerris [8]	Gen et 3 sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	MØ clay 0lst/Fur Formations	Denmark	A water strider The type species is P. furensis Also includes P. grandis & P. mikkelseni
Palaeometra [8]	Gen et sp nov.	valid	Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	Fur Formation	Denmark	A limnobatodine water strider The type species is P. madseni
Telmatrechus defunctus [8]	Comb nov.	valid	(Handlirsch) Andersen	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Quilchena site	Canada   British Columbia	A water strider Moved from Gerris defuncta (1910)

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pojetaia sarhroensis [11]	sp nov	Valid	Geyer & Streng	Early Cambrian	Anti-Atlas mountains	Morocco	Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve

Amphibians

newly named anurans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Rhadinosteus [12]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Henrici	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	USA	A possible Rhinophrynidae frog

Archosauromorpha

Dinosaurs

• A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex .
• Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented. ^[13]
• Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented. ^[14]
• Caudipteryx gastroliths documented. ^[15]
• Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member. ^[16]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. ^[17]

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes	Images
Altirhinus [18]	Valid taxon	David Norman		Mongolia		Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis Scipionyx Shuvuuia Suchomimus Tianzhenosaurus Variraptor Zuniceratops
''Augustia ''	Preoccupied	Bonaparte Zariquiey
Camposaurus [19]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, Heckert,	Sullivan, and Lockley
Caseosaurus [19]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, Heckert,	Sullivan, and Lockley	USA (  New Mexico and   Texas)
Caudipteryx [20]	Valid taxon	Ji Q., Phillip Currie,	Mark Norell and Ji S.	China
Cristatusaurus [21]	Valid taxon	Philippe Taquet	Dale A. Russell
Eobrontosaurus [22]	Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus	Robert Bakker
Eolambia [23]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland		USA (  Utah)
Gargoyleosaurus [24]	Valid taxon	Kenneth Carpenter Miles	Cloward	USA (  Wyoming)
Gastonia [25]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland		USA (  Utah)
Gongxianosaurus [26]	Valid taxon	He, Wang C., Liu S., Zhou F.,	Liu T., Cai and Dai	China
Histriasaurus [27]	Valid taxon	Dalla Vecchia		Croatia
Lourinhanosaurus [28]	Valid taxon	Mateus		Portugal
Lourinhasaurus [29]	Valid taxon	Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva,	Ortega, Dos Santos and Cachao	Portugal
Megaraptor [30]	Valid taxon	Novas		Argentina
Nedcolbertia [31]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland, Britt, Whittle,	S. K. Madsen and Burge	USA (  Utah)
Notohypsilophodon [32]	Valid taxon	Martínez		Argentina
Ozraptor [33]	Valid taxon	J. A. Long and	Ralph Molnar	Australia
Protohadros [34]	Valid taxon	Head		USA (  Texas)
'' Rahona '' [35]	Preoccupied	Forster Sampson	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause
Rahonavis [36]	Valid taxon	Forster, Sampson,	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause	Madagascar
Scipionyx [37]	Valid taxon	Dal Sasso and	Signore	Italy
Shanxia [38]	Valid taxon	Barrett, You,	Upchurch and Burton	China
Shuvuuia [39]	Valid taxon	Luis M. Chiappe, Mark Norell and	Clark	Mongolia
Sonorasaurus [40]	Valid taxon	Ratkevich, Sidor, Varricchio,	G. P. Wilson and Jeffrey A. Wilson.	USA (  Arizona)
Suchomimus	Valid taxon	An African spinosaurs	Sereno et al. 1998	Niger
Tianzhenosaurus [41]	Valid taxon	Pang and	Cheng Z.	China
Variraptor [42]	Valid taxon	Le Loeuff and	Buffetaut	France
Zuniceratops [43]	Valid taxon	Wolfe and	James Kirkland	USA (  New Mexico)

Newly named birds

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Abavornis bonapartei [44]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Actitis balcanica [45]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 17	Bulgaria	A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae.
Aizenogyps toomeyae [46]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Late Blancan	USA:   Florida	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Anhinga beckeri [46]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Early Pliocene	Late-Early Irvingtonian	USA:   Florida	An Anhingidae.
Basityto rummeli [47]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 2-3	Germany:   Bavaria	A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001, [48] this is the type species of the new genus.
Buteo sanya [49]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hou Lianhai	Late Pleistocene	Cave Deposits	China	An Accipitridae.
Buteo spassovi [50]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Miocene	MN 11-12	Bulgaria	An Accipitridae.
Catenoleimus anachoretus [44]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian	Uzbekistan	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Chloephaga robusta [51]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Claudia P. Tambussi	Middle-Late Pliocene	Irene Formation	Argentina	An Anatidae.
Coccothraustes balcanicus [52]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 18	Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
Coccothraustes simeonovi [52]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 17	Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
Diamantornis spaggiarii [53]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford	Early Middle Miocene	Karingarab	Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
Explorornis nessovi [44]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Gargantuavis philoinos [54]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Eric Buffetaut Jean Le Loeuff	Late Cretaceous	Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, Marnes de la Maurine Formation	France	An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus.
Gavia schultzi [55]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Middle Miocene	MN 7	Austria:   Burgenland	A Gaviidae.
Geronticus balcanicus [56]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene, MN 18	Slivnica	Bulgaria	A Threskiornithidae.
Glaucidium explorator [46]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Florida	USA:   Florida	A Strigidae.
Gracilitarsus mirabilis [57]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus.
Hassiavis laticauda [58]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus.
Incolornis silvae [44]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Intulula tinnipara [59]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jirí Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 2a	Czech Republic;   Germany:   Bavaria	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Masillacolius brevidactylus [60]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr Dieter S. Peters	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Messelirrisor halcyrostris [57]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979.
Messelirrisor parvus [57]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus.
Mioglaux debellatrix [59]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jirí Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Miopico benimellalensis [57]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Miocene	Beni Mellal	Morocco	A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus.
Palaelodus pledgei [61]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene	Etadunna Formation	Australia:   South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
Palaelodus wilsoni [61]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene	Etadunna Formation	Australia:   South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
? Primozygodactylus ballmanni [57]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus.
Primozygodactylus danielsi [57]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus.
Primozygodactylus major [57]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.
Pseudastur macrocephalus [62]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera. [63]
Psittacopes lepidus [64]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr ppMichael Daniels	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.
Quasisyndactylus longibrachis [65]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:   Hessen	An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Rostratula pulia [66]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jíří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 4b	Czech Republic	A Rostratulidae.
Scolopax hutchensi [46]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Florida	USA:   Florida	A Scolopacidae.
Struthio karingarabensis [53]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford	Early Miocene	Karingarab	Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
Tetrao rhodopensis [67]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Early Pliocene	MN 14	Bulgaria	A Phasianidae.
Xenopsitta fejfari [68]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes "Dendrorhynchus" Valid Ji S.-A. Ji Q. Normannognathus Valid Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G.

References

• Paleontology portal

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