1998 in science

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The year 1998 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.

Contents

Astronomy and space exploration

Botany

Computer science

Geology

Mathematics

Paleontology

Physics

Physiology and medicine

Technology

Institutions

Publications

Awards

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Reines</span> American physicist (1918–1998)

Frederick Reines was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment. He may be the only scientist in history "so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the subsequent thorough investigation of its fundamental properties."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdus Salam</span> Pakistani theoretical physicist (1926–1996)

Mohammad Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for his contribution to the electroweak unification theory. He was the first Pakistani and the first scientist from an Islamic country to receive a Nobel Prize and the second from an Islamic country to receive any Nobel Prize, after Anwar Sadat of Egypt.

The year 1999 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 2003 was an exciting one for new scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs progress in many scientific fields. Some of the highlights of 2003, which will be further discussed below, include: the anthropologic discovery of 350,000-year-old footprints attesting to the presence of upright-walking humans; SpaceShipOne flight 11P making its first supersonic flight; the observation of a previously unknown element, moscovium was made; and the world's first digital camera with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display is released by Kodak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</span> American physicist; co-inventor of the laser (1921–1999)

Arthur Leonard Schawlow was an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science. His central insight was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths. He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work using lasers to determine atomic energy levels with great precision.

The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1945 in science</span> Overview of the events of 1945 in science

The year 1945 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1991 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

The year 1997 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.

The year 1962 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1955 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.

The year 1933 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Sulston</span> British biologist and academic (1942–2018)

Sir John Edward Sulston was a British biologist and academic who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the cell lineage and genome of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans in 2002 with his colleagues Sydney Brenner and Robert Horvitz at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He was a leader in human genome research and Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the University of Manchester. Sulston was in favour of science in the public interest, such as free public access of scientific information and against the patenting of genes and the privatisation of genetic technologies.

The year 2005 in science and technology involved some significant events.

WormBook is an open access, comprehensive collection of original, peer-reviewed chapters covering topics related to the biology of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans . WormBook also includes WormMethods, an up-to-date collection of methods and protocols for C. elegans researchers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ishfaq Ahmad Khan</span> Pakistani nuclear physicist (1930–2018)

Ishfaq Ahmad KhanSI, HI, NI, FPAS, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist, emeritus professor of high-energy physics at the National Centre for Physics, and former science advisor to the Government of Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Riess</span> American astrophysicist (born 1969)

Adam Guy Riess is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute. He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 in science</span> Overview of the events of 2009 in science

The year 2009 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2009 was designated the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations.

<i>Caenorhabditis</i> Genus of roundworms

Caenorhabditis is a genus of nematodes which live in bacteria-rich environments like compost piles, decaying dead animals and rotting fruit. The name comes from Greek: caeno- ; rhabditis = rod-like.

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first studied in the laboratory by Victor Nigon and Ellsworth Dougherty in the 1940s, but came to prominence after being adopted by Sydney Brenner in 1963 as a model organism for the study of developmental biology using genetics. In 1974, Brenner published the results of his first genetic screen, which isolated hundreds of mutants with morphological and functional phenotypes, such as being uncoordinated. In the 1980s, John Sulston and co-workers identified the lineage of all 959 cells in the adult hermaphrodite, the first genes were cloned, and the physical map began to be constructed. In 1998, the worm became the first multi-cellular organism to have its genome sequenced. Notable research using C. elegans includes the discoveries of caspases, RNA interference, and microRNAs. Six scientists have won the Nobel prize for their work on C. elegans.

References

  1. Perlmutter, S.; et al. (January 1, 1998). "Discovery of a supernova explosion at half the age of the Universe". Nature . 391 (6662): 51–4. arXiv: astro-ph/9712212 . Bibcode:1998Natur.391...51P. doi:10.1038/34124. S2CID   4329577.
  2. Riess, Adam G.; et al. (September 1998). "Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant". The Astronomical Journal . 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv: astro-ph/9805201 . Bibcode:1998AJ....116.1009R. doi:10.1086/300499.
  3. Palmer, Jason (October 4, 2011). "Nobel physics prize honours accelerating Universe find". BBC News . Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  4. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998). "An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 85 (4): 531–53. doi:10.2307/2992015. JSTOR   2992015.
  5. Geggel, Laura (December 11, 2018). "'Miracle' Excavation of 'Little Foot' Skeleton Reveals Mysterious Human Relative". Live Science . Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  6. Maldacena, Juan (1998). "The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity". Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 2 (4): 231–252. arXiv: hep-th/9711200 . Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. doi:10.4310/ATMP.1998.V2.N2.A1.
  7. "Ghostly particles rule the universe". BBC News. June 5, 1998.
  8. Wakefield, A. J.; et al. (February 28, 1998). "Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children". Lancet. 351 (9103): 637–41. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0. PMID   9500320. S2CID   439791. (Retracted)
  9. Goldacre, Ben (2009). "The Media's MMR Hoax". Bad Science. London: Harper Perennial. pp. 290–331. ISBN   978-0-00-728487-0.
  10. Homer, Trevor (2006). The Book of Origins. London: Portrait. p. 151. ISBN   978-0-7499-5110-8.
  11. "EMAS: The first bionic arm". National Museums Scotland. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  12. "World's first hand transplant". BBC. September 25, 1998. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  13. Poltorak, Alexander; et al. (December 1998). "Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene". Science . 282 (5396): 2085–8. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2085P. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085. PMID   9851930.
  14. With some small gaps. The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: A platform for investigating biology". Science. 282 (5396): 2012–2018. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2012.. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. PMID   9851916.
  15. "Is human chip implant wave of the future?". CNN. January 13, 1999. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  16. "Baroness Susan Greenfield". Royal Institution. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  17. ISBN   0-521-62249-2.
  18. Wilford, John Noble (August 28, 1998). "Frederick Reines Dies at 80; Nobelist Discovered Neutrino" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 24, 2021.