1905 in science

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The year 1905 in science and technology involved some significant events, particularly in physics, listed below.

Contents

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Albert Einstein

Astronomy

Biology

Chemistry

Mathematics

Paleontology

Physics

Physiology and medicine

Psychology

Technology

Awards

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Wien</span> German physicist

Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.

The year 1915 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, some of which are listed below.

The year 1922 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1845 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brownian motor</span> Nanoscale machine

Brownian motors are nanoscale or molecular machines that use chemical reactions to generate directed motion in space. The theory behind Brownian motors relies on the phenomenon of Brownian motion, random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules in the fluid.

<i>Annalen der Physik</i> Academic journal

Annalen der Physik is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics; it has been published since 1799. The journal publishes original, peer-reviewed papers on experimental, theoretical, applied, and mathematical physics and related areas. The editor-in-chief is Stefan Hildebrandt. Prior to 2008, its ISO 4 abbreviation was Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), after 2008 it became Ann. Phys. (Berl.).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Max Abraham</span> German physicist (1875–1922)

Max Abraham was a German physicist known for his work on electromagnetism and his opposition to the theory of relativity.

The history of special relativity consists of many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others. It culminated in the theory of special relativity proposed by Albert Einstein and subsequent work of Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leo Graetz</span> German physicist

Leo Graetz was a German physicist. He was born in Breslau, Germany, and was the son of historian Heinrich Graetz.

<i>Annus mirabilis</i> papers Published papers of Albert Einstein in 1905

The annus mirabilis papers are the four papers that Albert Einstein published in Annalen der Physik, a scientific journal, in 1905. These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published these remarkable papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis.

  1. The first paper explained the photoelectric effect, which established the energy of the light quanta , and was the only specific discovery mentioned in the citation awarding Einstein the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  2. The second paper explained Brownian motion, which established the Einstein relation and led reluctant physicists to accept the existence of atoms.
  3. The third paper introduced Einstein's theory of special relativity, which used the universal constant speed of light to derive the Lorentz transformations.
  4. The fourth, a consequence of the theory of special relativity, developed the principle of mass–energy equivalence, expressed in the famous equation and which led to the discovery and use of atomic energy decades later.

In physics, the Einstein relation is a previously unexpected connection revealed independently by William Sutherland in 1904, Albert Einstein in 1905, and by Marian Smoluchowski in 1906 in their works on Brownian motion. The more general form of the equation in the classical case is

"Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" is the 1905 journal article, by Albert Einstein, that proved the reality of atoms, which were first proposed in 1808 by John Dalton. It is one of the four groundbreaking papers Einstein published in 1905, in Annalen der Physik, in his miracle year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments</span>

The Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments measured the dependence of the inertial mass of an object on its velocity. The historical importance of this series of experiments performed by various physicists between 1901 and 1915 is due to the results being used to test the predictions of special relativity. The developing precision and data analysis of these experiments and the resulting influence on theoretical physics during those years is still a topic of active historical discussion, since the early experimental results at first contradicted Einstein's then newly published theory (1905), but later versions of this experiment confirmed it. For modern experiments of that kind, see Tests of relativistic energy and momentum, for general information see Tests of special relativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Georg von Soldner</span> German physicist, mathematician and astronomer (1776–1833)

Johann Georg von Soldner was a German physicist, mathematician and astronomer, first in Berlin and later in 1808 in Munich.

Kurd Friedrich Rudolf von Mosengeil, also Curd Friedrich Rudolf von Mosengeil, was a German physicist.

Jakob Johann Laub was a physicist from Austria-Hungary, who is best known for his work with Albert Einstein in the early period of special relativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Bucherer</span> German physicist

Alfred Heinrich Bucherer was a German physicist, who is known for his experiments on relativistic mass. He also was the first who used the phrase "theory of relativity" for Einstein's theory of special relativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vladimir Ignatowski</span> Russian physicist

Vladimir Sergeyevitch Ignatowski, or Waldemar Sergius von Ignatowsky and similar names in other publications, was a Russian physicist.

In physics, a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Quantum is a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents. The fundamental notion that a chemical property can be "quantized" is referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude of the physical property can take on only discrete values consisting of integer multiples of one quantum. For example, a photon is a single quantum of light of a specific frequency. Similarly, the energy of an electron bound within an atom is quantized and can exist only in certain discrete values. Quantization is one of the foundations of the much broader physics of quantum mechanics. Quantization of energy and its influence on how energy and matter interact is part of the fundamental framework for understanding and describing nature.

Hermann Fritz Gustav Goos was a German physicist and astronomer.

References

  1. The American Monthly Review of Reviews (February 1905) pp. 154-156.
  2. Umov, N. (1905). "Chromatische depolarisation durch Lichtzerstreuung". Physikalische Zeitschrift. 6: 674–676.
  3. Lajtha, Abel (2013). Handbook of Neurochemistry 8: Neurochemical Systems. Springer. p. x.
  4. Blackman, F.F. (1905). "Optima and Limiting Factors". Annals of Botany . London: Academic Press. 19.
  5. 1 2 "125 Years of Linde: A Chronicle" (PDF). The Linde Group. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-25. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
  6. Ritchie, J. Murdoch; Greene, Nicholas M. (1990). "Local Anesthetics". In Gilman, Alfred Goodman; Rall, Theodore W.; Nies, Alan S.; Taylor, Palmer (eds.). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (8th ed.). New York: Pergamon Press. p.  311. ISBN   0-08-040296-8.
  7. Einstein, A. (1906). "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" (PDF). Annalen der Physik. 19 (2): 289–306. Bibcode:1906AnP...324..289E. doi:10.1002/andp.19063240204. hdl: 20.500.11850/139872 . S2CID   121918391. Originally submitted for journal publication August 19, 1905.
  8. Einstein, A. (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt". Annalen der Physik. 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi: 10.1002/andp.19053220607 .
  9. Einstein, A. (1905). "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen". Annalen der Physik. 17 (8): 549–560. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..549E. doi: 10.1002/andp.19053220806 .
  10. Einstein, A. (1905). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper". Annalen der Physik. 17 (10): 891–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi: 10.1002/andp.19053221004 .
  11. Einstein, A. (1905). "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?". Annalen der Physik. 18 (13): 639–641. Bibcode:1905AnP...323..639E. doi: 10.1002/andp.19053231314 .
  12. Bigelow, Maurice A. (1916). Sex-Education: A Series of Lectures Concerning Knowledge of Sex and Its Relation to Human Life. The Macmillan Company. p. 227.
  13. History of Social Hygiene 1850-1930. American Social Hygiene Association. 1930. pp. 1–6.
  14. Booth, Jeremy (1977). "A short history of blood pressure measurement". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 70 (11): 793–9. doi:10.1177/003591577707001112. PMC   1543468 . PMID   341169.
  15. Busch, R. (1990). "On the history of cystic fibrosis". Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Medica. Praha. 36 (1–4): 13–5. PMID   2130674.
  16. L'Année Psychologique.
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  18. Graves, Clifford L. (May 1965). "Velocio, Grand Seigneur". The Best of Bicycling. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
  19. Nahin, Paul J. (2001). The Science of Radio (2nd ed.). New York: AIP Press. p. 91. ISBN   0-387-95150-4.
  20. "Radio/Broadcasting Timeline". CBN History. WCBN. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  21. Clarke, Mike (2009-01-05). "A Brief History of Movable Bridges" . Retrieved 2012-02-09.