1989 in science

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The year 1989 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

Astronomy

• August – Asteroid 4769 Castalia is the first asteroid directly imaged, by radar from Arecibo.
• August 25 – The Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, providing definitive proof of the planet's rings.
• September 5 – Pluto–Charon barycentre comes to perihelion. ^[1]
• Asteroid 5128 Wakabayashi is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa.
• 4292 Aoba is discovered.
• 4871 Riverside is discovered.
• 6089 Izumi is discovered.
• 6190 Rennes is discovered
• 8084 Dallas is discovered.

Biology

• Discovery of the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator gene. ^[2]
• The New Zealand Department of Conservation begins to implement a Kākāpō Recovery Plan. ^[3]

Computer science

• March 12 – Tim Berners-Lee submits a memorandum, titled "Information Management: A Proposal", to the management at CERN for a system that would eventually become the World Wide Web.
• June 8 – GNU Bash is released. ^[4]
• July 26 – A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. for releasing a computer virus, making him the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act in the United States.

Environment

• The global concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere reaches 350 ppm (parts per million) by volume.

Physics

• January – Supplee's paradox is published. ^[5]
• March 23 – Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce cold fusion at the University of Utah.

Physiology and medicine

• The Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials begins publishing online. ^[6]
• The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is first identified by Michael Houghton and his team.

Technology

• July 17 – The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit "Stealth Bomber" aircraft, developed for the United States Air Force, first flies. ^[7]
• Isamu Akasaki produces the first Gallium nitride p-n junction blue/UV light-emitting diode.

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics – Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
  • Chemistry – Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
  • Medicine – J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus
• Turing Award – William (Velvel) Kahan

Births

• May 9 – Katie Bouman, American computer imaging scientist

Deaths

• February 27 – Konrad Lorenz (born 1903), Austrian zoologist.
• March 18 – Sir Harold Jeffreys (born 1891), English mathematician.
• April 24 – Horace Hodes (born 1907), American medical researcher.
• August 10 – Isabella Forshall (born 1900), English pediatric surgeon.
• August 12 – William Shockley (born 1910), American physicist.
• August 20 – George Adamson (born 1906), British wildlife conservationist.
• August 29 – Sir Peter Scott (born 1909), English wildlife conservationist.
• October 11 – M. King Hubbert (born 1903), American geophysicist.
• October 28 – Louise Hay (born 1935), French-born American mathematician; breast cancer.
• December 14 – Andrei Sakharov (born 1921), Soviet Russian nuclear physicist and political dissident.

References

1. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Pluto Barycenter". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System @ Solar System Dynamics Group. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
2. Rommens, Johanna M.; Iannuzzi, Michael C.; Kerem, Bat-Sheva; Drumm, Mitchell L.; Melmer, Georg; Dean, Michael; Rozmahel, Richard; Cole, Jeffery L.; Kennedy, Dara; Hidaka, Noriko; Zsiga, Martha; Buchwald, Manuel; Tsui, Lap-Chee; Riordan, John R.; Collins, Francis S. (8 September 1989). "Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping" . Science. 245 (4922): 1059–1065. Bibcode:1989Sci...245.1059R. doi:10.1126/science.2772657. PMID   2772657 . Retrieved 30 October 2013.
3. Powlesland, R. G. (1989). Kakapo Recovery Plan 1989–1994. Wellington: Department of Conservation.
4. Brian Fox (forwarded by Leonard H. Tower Jr.) (June 8, 1989). "Bash is in beta release!". Newsgroup:  gnu.announce . Retrieved October 28, 2010.
5. Supplee, James M. (1989). "Relativistic buoyancy". American Journal of Physics . 57 (1): 75–77. Bibcode:1989AmJPh..57...75S. doi:10.1119/1.15875. ISSN   0002-9505.
6. "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
7. Lambert, Mark (1990). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1990–1991. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data. ISBN   978-0-7106-0908-3.