1989 in science

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The year 1989 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

Contents

Astronomy

Biology

Computer science

Environment

Physics

Physiology and medicine

Technology

Awards

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clyde Tombaugh</span> American astronomer, discoverer of Pluto (1906–1997)

Clyde William Tombaugh was an American astronomer. He discovered Pluto in 1930, the first object to be discovered in what would later be identified as the Kuiper belt. At the time of discovery, Pluto was considered a planet, but was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Tombaugh also discovered many asteroids, and called for the serious scientific research of unidentified flying objects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pluto</span> Dwarf planet

Pluto is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume, by a small margin, but is slightly less massive than Eris. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is made primarily of ice and rock and is much smaller than the inner planets. Compared to Earth's moon, Pluto has only one sixth its mass and one third its volume.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cystic fibrosis</span> Autosomal recessive disease mostly affecting the lungs

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine. Long-term issues include difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus as a result of frequent lung infections. Other signs and symptoms may include sinus infections, poor growth, fatty stool, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and infertility in most males. Different people may have different degrees of symptoms.

The year 1938 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<i>New Horizons</i> NASA probe that visited Pluto and Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth

New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Engineered by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), with a team led by Alan Stern, the spacecraft was launched in 2006 with the primary mission to perform a flyby study of the Pluto system in 2015, and a secondary mission to fly by and study one or more other Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) in the decade to follow, which became a mission to 486958 Arrokoth. It is the fifth space probe to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System.

The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

The year 1992 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

The year 1980 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1936 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marc Buie</span> American astronomer

Marc William Buie is an American astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets who works at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado in the Space Science Department. Formerly he worked at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, and was the Sentinel Space Telescope Mission Scientist for the B612 Foundation, which is dedicated to protecting Earth from asteroid impact events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System</span>

JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System provides access to key Solar System data and flexible production of highly accurate ephemerides for Solar System objects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brian Fox (computer programmer)</span> American computer programmer

Brian Jhan Fox is an American computer programmer and free software advocate. He is the original author of the GNU Bash shell, which he announced as a beta in June 1989. He continued as the primary maintainer of bash until at least early 1993. Fox also built the first interactive online banking software in the U.S. for Wells Fargo in 1995, and he created an open source election system in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">132524 APL</span>

132524 APL, provisional designation 2002 JF56, is a small background asteroid in the intermediate asteroid belt. It was discovered by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research in May 2002, and imaged by the New Horizons space probe on its flyby in June 2006, when it was passing through the asteroid belt. The stony S-type asteroid measures approximately 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) in diameter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15810 Arawn</span>

15810 Arawn, provisional designation 1994 JR1, is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) from the inner regions of the Kuiper belt, approximately 133 kilometres (83 mi) in diameter. It belongs to the plutinos, the largest class of resonant TNOs. It was named after Arawn, the ruler of the Celtic underworld, and discovered on 12 May 1994, by astronomers Michael Irwin and Anna Żytkow with the 2.5-metre Isaac Newton Telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands, Spain.

474640 Alicanto, provisionally designated 2004 VN112, is a detached extreme trans-Neptunian object. It was discovered on 6 November 2004, by American astronomer Andrew C. Becker at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. It never gets closer than 47 AU from the Sun (near the outer edge of the main Kuiper belt) and averages more than 300 AU from the Sun. Its large eccentricity strongly suggests that it was gravitationally scattered onto its current orbit. Because it is, like all detached objects, outside the current gravitational influence of Neptune, how it came to have this orbit cannot yet be explained. It was named after Alicanto, a nocturnal bird in Chilean mythology.

2008 LC18 is a Neptune trojan first observed on 7 June 2008 by American astronomers Scott Sheppard and Chad Trujillo using the Subaru telescope at Mauna Kea Observatories on Hawaii, United States. It was the first object found in Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point and measures approximately 100 kilometers in diameter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C/2010 X1 (Elenin)</span> Oort cloud comet

Comet C/2010 X1 (Elenin) is an Oort cloud comet discovered by Russian amateur astronomer Leonid Elenin on December 10, 2010, through remote control of the International Scientific Optical Network's robotic observatory near Mayhill in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The discovery was made using the automated asteroids discovery program CoLiTec. At the time of discovery, the comet had an apparent magnitude of 19.5, making it about 150,000 times fainter than can be seen with the naked eye. The discoverer, Leonid Elenin, originally estimated that the comet nucleus was 3–4 km in diameter, but more recent estimates place the pre-breakup size of the comet at 2 km. Comet Elenin started disintegrating in August 2011, and as of mid-October 2011 was not visible even using large ground-based telescopes.

This article is a summary of the 1980s in science and technology.

2011 HM102 is the ninth Neptune trojan discovered. It was first observed on 29 April 2011, during the New Horizons KBO Search (268) using the Magellan II (Clay) Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. It has the same orbital period as Neptune and orbits at the L5 Lagrangian point about 60° backwards of Neptune.

References

  1. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Pluto Barycenter". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System @ Solar System Dynamics Group. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
  2. Rommens, Johanna M.; Iannuzzi, Michael C.; Kerem, Bat-Sheva; Drumm, Mitchell L.; Melmer, Georg; Dean, Michael; Rozmahel, Richard; Cole, Jeffery L.; Kennedy, Dara; Hidaka, Noriko; Zsiga, Martha; Buchwald, Manuel; Tsui, Lap-Chee; Riordan, John R.; Collins, Francis S. (8 September 1989). "Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping". Science. 245 (4922): 1059–1065. doi:10.1126/science.2772657. PMID   2772657 . Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  3. Powlesland, R. G. (1989). Kakapo Recovery Plan 1989–1994. Wellington: Department of Conservation.
  4. Brian Fox (forwarded by Leonard H. Tower Jr.) (June 8, 1989). "Bash is in beta release!". Newsgroup:  gnu.announce . Retrieved October 28, 2010.
  5. Supplee, James M. (1989). "Relativistic buoyancy". American Journal of Physics . 57 (1): 75–77. Bibcode:1989AmJPh..57...75S. doi:10.1119/1.15875. ISSN   0002-9505.
  6. "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  7. Lambert, Mark (1990). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1990–1991. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data. ISBN   978-0-7106-0908-3.