1986 in science

List of years in science (table)
… 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 …
Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science +...
	v t e

The year 1986 in science and technology involved many significant events, some not listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

• January 24 – NASA Voyager 2 space probe makes first encounter with Uranus.
• January 28 – NASA Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on launch, killing all seven astronauts aboard. Their bodies are located by United States Navy divers on March 9.
• February 19 – The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
• March 8 – Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.
• October 10 – Aten asteroid 3753 Cruithne, in co-orbital configuration with Earth, is identified by Duncan Waldron.

Biology

• May – First reported methods for constructing a monoclonal antibody containing parts from mouse and human antibodies, a required first step toward the development of humanized antibodies used later as medical therapeutics (such as Infliximab). ^{[1] [2]}
• English epidemiologist David Barker proposes his fetal origins hypothesis. ^[3]

Computer science

• January 16 – The Internet Engineering Task Force, a standards organization that develops and promotes Internet standards, holds its first meeting, consisting of 21 United States government-funded researchers.
• January 19 – The first MS-DOS-based personal computer virus, Brain, starts to spread. ^[4]
• April 3 – IBM unveils the PC Convertible, the first laptop computer.
• June 23 – Eric Thomas develops LISTSERV, the first email list management software. ^[5]
• Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is visualized by Mark Crispin.
• 3D printing is developed by Charles Hull.
• Pixar is founded.

Mathematics

• Summer – Kenneth Alan Ribet demonstrates proof of the ε-conjecture, subsequently known as Ribet's theorem ^[6] confirming Gerhard Frey's suggestion that the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture implies Fermat's Last Theorem. ^[7]
• Lawrence Paulson makes the first release of Isabelle (proof assistant). ^[8]
• Lee Sallows introduces the alphamagic square. ^[9]

Technology

• January 11 – The Gateway Bridge is opened in Brisbane, Australia, the world's largest prestressed concrete single box bridge.
• April 26 – Chernobyl disaster: An RBMK at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic reaches prompt criticality.
• December 23 – Rutan Voyager becomes the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling, landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California after a nine-day trip piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager.

Awards

• Crafoord Prize in Geosciences: Gerald Wasserburg and Claude Jean Allègre
• Fields Prize in Mathematics: Simon Donaldson, Gerd Faltings and Michael Freedman
• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics – Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
  • Chemistry – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
  • Medicine – Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
• Turing Award – John Hopcroft, Robert Tarjan
• Wollaston Medal for Geology – Claude Jean Allègre

Births

• November 8 – Aaron Swartz (suicide 2013), American computer programmer and Internet hactivist.

Deaths

Crew of NASA Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L

• January 7 – Rex Wailes (b. 1901), English engineer and historian of technology.
• January 28
  • Crew of United States Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L:
    • Greg Jarvis (b. 1944)
    • Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948)
    • Ronald McNair (b. 1950)
    • Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946)
    • Judith Resnik (b. 1949)
    • Dick Scobee (b. 1939)
    • Michael J. Smith (b. 1945)
  • Dorothée Pullinger (b. 1894), French-born British production engineer.
• April 22 – Dame Honor Fell (b. 1900), English biologist.
• July 6 – William Rashkind (b. 1922), American cardiologist.
• July 21 – Zhang Yuzhe (b. 1902), Chinese astronomer.
• October 22 – Albert Szent-Györgyi (b. 1893), Hungarian physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
• October 31 – Edward Adelbert Doisy (b. 1893), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
• June 7 – Robert S. Mulliken (b. 1896), American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• November 25 – Sir Ivan Magill (b. 1888), British anesthesiologist.

References

1. Jones, Peter T.; Dear, Paul H.; Foote, Jefferson; Neuberger, Michael S.; Winter, Greg (1986). "Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse". Nature . 321 (6069): 522–525. Bibcode:1986Natur.321..522J. doi:10.1038/321522a0. PMID   3713831. S2CID   4315811.
2. Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future". Nature Medicine . 9 (3): 269–277. doi: 10.1038/nm0303-269 . PMID   12612576. S2CID   9745527.
3. Barker, David; Osmond, C. (1986). "Infant mortality, childhood nutrition and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales". The Lancet . 327 (8489). London: 1077–1081. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91340-1. PMID   2871345. S2CID   35375657.
4. Leyden, John (January 19, 2006). "PC virus celebrates 20th birthday". The Register . Retrieved July 29, 2011.
5. "1986" . Retrieved January 25, 2013.
6. Ribet, Ken (1990). "On modular representations of Gal(Q/Q) arising from modular forms" (PDF). Inventiones Mathematicae . 100 (2): 431–471. Bibcode:1990InMat.100..431R. doi:10.1007/BF01231195. hdl:10.1007/BF01231195. S2CID   120614740.
7. Frey, Gerhard (1986). "Links between stable elliptic curves and certain Diophantine equations". Annales Universitatis Saraviensis. Series Mathematicae. 1 (1): iv+40. ISSN   0933-8268. MR   0853387.
8. Paulson, L. C. (1986). "Natural deduction as higher-order resolution". The Journal of Logic Programming. 3 (3): 237–258. arXiv: cs/9301104 . doi:10.1016/0743-1066(86)90015-4. S2CID   27085090.
9. "alphamagic square". Encyclopedia of Science. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2012.