Crafoord Prize

Last updated

The Crafoord Prize
Awarded forastronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research
Country Sweden
Presented by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Reward(s)6,000,000 kr
First awarded1982 (1982)
Website crafoordprize.se

The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. The Prize is awarded jointly by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund, with the former selecting the laureates. [1] The prize is awarded in four categories: mathematics and astronomy, geosciences, biosciences (with an emphasis on ecology) and polyarthritis, the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his later years.

Contents

According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded". [2] Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences. [2] A Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis is only awarded when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made. [2] The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced each year in mid-January; on Crafoord Days in April or May, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prizes at the ceremony in December. [2] [3] As of 2024, the prize money is 6,000,000 kr (or US$700,000). [4] The prize has been compared to the Nobel Prize for its prestige in the geosciences. [5]

The inaugural laureates, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were cited by the Academy for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. As of 2022, the winners have predominantly been men. The first woman to be awarded the prize was astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.

Laureates

The Crafoord prize has been awarded to the following scientists: [6]

Crafoord Prize laureates
YearCategoryImageLaureateNationalityRationaleRef.
1982Mathematics Vladimir Arnold-1.jpg Vladimir Arnold Russian“for outstanding achievements in the theory of non-linear differential equations” [7] [8]
Louis Nirenberg.jpeg Louis Nirenberg Canadian / American [lower-alpha 1] [7] [9]
1983Geosciences— Edward Norton Lorenz American“for fundamental contributions to the field of geophysical hydrodynamics, which in a unique way have contributed to a deeper understanding of the large-scale motions of the atmosphere and the sea” [7] [10]
Stommel about n1 35630.jpg Henry Stommel American
1984Biosciences Daniel Janzen (3214457162) (cropped).jpg Daniel H. Janzen American“for his imaginative and stimulating studies on co-evolution which have inspired many researchers to further work in this field” [7] [11]
1985Astronomy 1946- Lyman Spitzer (4526166350).jpg Lyman Spitzer American“for fundamental pioneering studies of practically every aspect of the interstellar medium, culminating in the results obtained using the Copernicus satellite” [7] [12]
1986Geosciences Claude Allegre, 2009 (cropped).jpg Claude Allègre French“for pioneering studies of isotope geochemical relations and the geological interpretations that these results permit” [7] [13]
— Gerald J. Wasserburg American
1987Biosciences— Eugene Odum American“for pioneering contributions within the field of ecosystem ecology” [7] [14]
— Howard T. Odum American
1988Mathematics Pierre Deligne (2005) (cropped).jpg Pierre Deligne Belgian“for fundamental research in algebraic geometry” [7] [15]
Alexander Grothendieck.jpg Alexander Grothendieck French [lower-alpha 2] [7] [16]
1989Geosciences VanAllen.gif James Van Allen American“for his pioneering exploration of space, in particular the discovery of the energetic particles trapped in the geomagnetic field which forms the radiation belts - the Van Allen belts - around the planet Earth” [7] [13]
1990Biosciences Paul Ehrlich - 1974.jpg Paul R. Ehrlich American“for his research on the dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations and the importance of the distribution pattern for their survival probabilities” [7] [17]
Edward O. Wilson, 2003 (cropped).jpg E. O. Wilson American“for the theory of island biogeography and other research on species diversity and community dynamics on islands and in other habitats with differing degrees of isolation” [7] [18]
1991Astronomy— Allan Sandage American“for his important contributions to the study of galaxies, their populations of stars, clusters and nebulae, their evolution, the velocity-distance relation (or Hubble relation), and its evolution over time” [7] [19]
1992Geosciences— Adolf Seilacher German“for his innovative research concerning the evolution of life in interaction with the environment as documented in the geological record” [7] [13]
1993Biosciences— W. D. Hamilton British“for his theories concerning kin selection and genetic relationship as a prerequisite for the evolution of altruistic behavior” [7] [20] [21]
Seymour Benzer.gif Seymour Benzer American“for his pioneering genetical and neurophysiological studies on behavioural mutants in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster” [7] [22] [23]
1994Mathematics Simon Donaldson.jpg Simon Donaldson British"for his fundamental investigations in four-dimensional geometry through application of instantos in particular his new discovery of new differential invariants" [7] [24] [25]
Shing-Tung Yau.jpg Shing-Tung Yau American [lower-alpha 3] “for his development of non-linear techniques in differential geometry leading the solution of several outstanding problems” [7] [27]
1995Geosciences— Willi Dansgaard Danish“for fundamental work on developing and applying isotope geological analysis methods for the study of climatic variations during the Quaternary period” [7] [13]
— Nicholas Shackleton British
1996Biosciences BobMayHarvard.jpg Robert May Australian“for his pioneering ecological research concerning theoretical analysis of the dynamics of populations, communities and ecosystems” [7] [28]
1997Astronomy Institute of Astronomy, statue of Sir Fred Hoyle cropped.jpg Fred Hoyle British“for pioneering contributions to the study of nuclear processes in stars and stellar evolution” [7] [29]
— Edwin Ernest Salpeter American [7] [30]
1998Geosciences Don L. Anderson portrait photo.jpg Don L. Anderson American“for fundamental contributions to our knowledge of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth” [7] [22]
Adam Dziewonski, Schlosshotel Linderhof - 09150004 ff34219 03 (cropped).jpg Adam M. Dziewonski Polish / American [lower-alpha 4] [7] [31]
1999Biosciences Ernst Mayr, 1994 (cropped).jpg Ernst Mayr American“for fundamental contributions to the conceptual development of evolutionary biology” [7] [32]
John Maynard Smith.jpg John Maynard Smith British
— George Christopher Williams American
2000Polyarthritis— Marc Feldmann British“for identification of TNF blockade as an effective therapeutic principle in rheumatoid arthrits” [3] [7]
MainiFotoThalerT.JPG Ravinder N. Maini British
2001Mathematics Alain Connes.jpg Alain Connes French“for penetrating work on the theory of operator algebras and for having been a founder of non-commutative geometry” [7] [33]
2002Geosciences— Dan McKenzie British“for fundamental contributions to the understanding of the Dynamics of the Lithosphere, particularly Plate Tectonics, Sedimentary Basin Formation and Mantle Melting” [7] [34] [35]
2003Biosciences Carl Woese.jpg Carl Woese American“for his discovery of a third domain of life” [7] [36] [37]
2004Polyarthritis— Eugene C. Butcher American“for their studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in migration of white blood cells in health and disease” [7] [38]
— Timothy A. Springer American
2005Astronomy JamesEGunn2000 (cropped).jpg James E. Gunn American“for contributions towards understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe” [7] [22]
Jim Peebles (cropped 2).jpg James Peebles American [7] [39]
Official portrait of Lord Rees of Ludlow crop 3.jpg Martin Rees British
2006Geosciences Wally Broecker, c. 2010.jpg Wallace Smith Broecker American“for his innovative and pioneering research on the operation of the global carbon cycle within the ocean – atmosphere – biosphere system, and its interaction with climate” [7] [40]
2007Biosciences— Robert Trivers American“for his fundamental analysis of social evolution, conflict and cooperation” [7] [41]
2008Astronomy Sunyaev.jpg Rashid Alievich Sunyaev Russian“for his decisive contributions to high energy astrophysics and cosmology, in particular processes and dynamics around black holes and neutron stars and demonstration of the diagnostic power of structures in the background radiation” [7] [42]
Mathematics Maxim Kontsevich 1994 (headshot).jpg Maxim Kontsevich Russian [lower-alpha 5] “for their important contributions to mathematics inspired by modern theoretical physics” [7] [43]
Edward Witten.jpg Edward Witten American
2009Polyarthritis Charles Dinarello 2010-04.JPG Charles Dinarello American“for their pioneering work to isolate interleukins, determine their properties and explore their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases” [7] [44]
Crafoordpriset 2009-press conference 07.jpg Tadamitsu Kishimoto Japanese
Crafoordpriset 2009-press conference 20.jpg Toshio Hirano Japanese
2010Geosciences Crafoordprize 2010-03.jpg Walter Munk American“for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth’s dynamics” [7] [22]
2011Biosciences Ilkka Hanski.jpg Ilkka Hanski Finnish"for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations" [7] [45]
2012Astronomy Reinhard Genzel.jpg Reinhard Genzel German"for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole" [7] [46]
Andrea Ghez (cropped).jpg Andrea M. Ghez American
Mathematics Jean Bourgain (vertical crop).jpg Jean Bourgain Belgian"for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science" [7] [47]
Ttao2006.jpg Terence Tao Australian / American
2013Polyarthritis Peter K. Gregersen 3 2013.jpg Peter K. Gregersen American"for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis" [7] [48]
Lars Klareskog 3 2013.jpg Lars Klareskog Swedish
Robert J. Winchester 3 2013.jpg Robert J. Winchester  [ de ]American
2014Geosciences— Peter Molnar American"for his ground-breaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, in particular the deformation of continents and the structure and evolution of mountain ranges, as well as the impact of tectonic processes on ocean-atmosphere circulation and climate" [7] [49]
2015Biosciences— Richard Lewontin American"for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism" [7] [50]
Tomoko Harada cropped 2 Tomoko Harada 201611.png Tomoko Ohta Japanese
2016Astronomy Roy Kerr 2016 01.jpg Roy Kerr New Zealand"for fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences" [51] [52]
Roger Blandford and Roy Kerr 2016 05 (cropped).jpg Roger Blandford American
Mathematics Yakov Eliashberg 2016 04.jpg Yakov Eliashberg American [lower-alpha 6] "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena"
2017Polyarthritis Shimon Sakaguchi cropped 3 Shimon Sakaguchi 201711.jpg Shimon Sakaguchi Japanese"for their discoveries relating to regulatory T cells, which counteract harmful immune reactions in arthritis and other autoimmune diseases" [53]
Fred Ramsdell, 2015 (portrait).jpg Fred Ramsdell American
Alexander Rudensky 2013 (cropped).jpg Alexander Rudensky American [lower-alpha 7]
2018Geosciences Crafoord Prize EM1B0732 (42329290061).jpg Syukuro Manabe Japanese / American"for fundamental contributions to understanding the role of atmospheric trace gases in Earth’s climate system" [55]
Crafoord Prize EM1B0739 (28456528038).jpg Susan Solomon American
2019Biosciences Sallie Chisholm.jpg Sallie W. Chisholm American"for the discovery and pioneering studies of the most abundant photosynthesising organism on Earth, Prochlorococcus" [56]
2020Astronomy Dr. Eugene PKSC-20180809-PH KLS02 0003arker Speaks to Media (30123740568) (portrait).jpg Eugene N. Parker American"for pioneering and fundamental studies of the solar wind and magnetic fields from stellar to galactic scales" [57]
Mathematics Enrico Bombieri.jpg Enrico Bombieri Italian / American"for outstanding and influential contributions in all the major areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, analysis and algebraic geometry"
2021Polyarthritis Daniel L. Kastner (portrait).jpg Daniel L. Kastner American"for establishing the concept of autoinflammatory diseases" [58]
2022Geosciences Andrew-Herbert-Knoll-ForMemRS (cropped).jpg Andrew H. Knoll American"for fundamental contributions to our understanding of the first three billion years of life on Earth and life’s interactions with the physical environment through time" [59]
2023Biosciences— Dolph Schluter Canadian"for fundamental contributions to the understanding of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation" [60]
2024Astronomy— Douglas Gough British"for developing the methods of asteroseismology and their application to the study of the interior of the Sun and of other stars" [61]
Jorgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Rasmus Roerbaek.jpg Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Danish
Conny Aerts presenting in 2023.jpg Conny Aerts Belgian
Mathematics 2009-Claire-Voisin-Scotland.jpg Claire Voisin French"for outstanding contributions to complex and algebraic geometry, including Hodge theory, algebraic cycles, and hyperkähler geometry"

Notes

  1. ↑ Nirenberg was born in Canada. [9]
  2. ↑ Grothendieck was born in Germany, but spent most of his life in France; he was legally stateless till 1971, then acquired French citizenship. He also declined his prize. [16]
  3. ↑ Shing-Tung Yau was born in China. [26]
  4. ↑ Dziewonski was born in Poland. [31]
  5. ↑ Kontsevich was born in Russia. [43]
  6. ↑ Eliashberg was born in Russia. [52]
  7. ↑ Rudensky was born in Russia. [54]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alain Connes</span> French mathematician (born 1947)

Alain Connes is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He is a professor at the Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abel Prize</span> Norwegian international mathematics prize

The Abel Prize is awarded annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians. It is named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829) and directly modeled after the Nobel Prizes; as such, it is widely considered the Nobel Prize of Math. It comes with a monetary award of 7.5 million Norwegian kroner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</span> Swedens national academy of sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is one of the royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting natural sciences and mathematics and strengthening their influence in society, whilst endeavouring to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Rees</span> British cosmologist and astrophysicist

Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow, is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He is the fifteenth Astronomer Royal, appointed in 1995, and was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 2004 to 2012 and President of the Royal Society between 2005 and 2010. He has received various physics awards including the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2024 for for fundamental contributions to high-energy astrophysics, galaxies and structure formation, and cosmology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene Parker</span> American solar physicist (1927–2022)

Eugene Newman Parker was an American solar and plasma physicist. In the 1950s he proposed the existence of the solar wind and that the magnetic field in the outer Solar System would be in the shape of a Parker spiral, predictions that were later confirmed by spacecraft measurements. In 1987, Parker proposed the existence of nanoflares, a leading candidate to explain the coronal heating problem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wallace Smith Broecker</span> American geochemist (1931–2019)

Wallace "Wally" Smith Broecker was an American geochemist. He was the Newberry Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, a scientist at Columbia's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and a sustainability fellow at Arizona State University. He developed the idea of a global "conveyor belt" linking the circulation of the global ocean and made major contributions to the science of the carbon cycle and the use of chemical tracers and isotope dating in oceanography. Broecker popularized the term "global warming". He received the Crafoord Prize and the Vetlesen Prize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles A. Dinarello</span> American immunologist

Charles A. Dinarello is a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado at Denver. He is an expert on inflammatory cytokines, specifically Interleukin 1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Susan Solomon</span> American atmospheric chemist

Susan Solomon is an American atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In 2011, Solomon joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she serves as the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Science. Solomon, with her colleagues, was the first to propose the chlorofluorocarbon free radical reaction mechanism that is the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole. Her most recent book, Solvable: how we healed the earth, and how we can do it again (2024) focuses on solutions to current problems, as do books by data scientist Hannah Ritchie, marine biologist, Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Gavin Hall</span> Australian statistician (1951–2016)

Peter Gavin Hall was an Australian researcher in probability theory and mathematical statistics. The American Statistical Association described him as one of the most influential and prolific theoretical statisticians in the history of the field. The School of Mathematics and Statistics Building at The University of Melbourne was renamed the Peter Hall building in his honour on 9 December 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reinhard Genzel</span> German astrophysicist (born 1952)

Reinhard Genzel is a German astrophysicist, co-director of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, a professor at LMU and an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy", which he shared with Andrea Ghez and Roger Penrose. In a 2021 interview given to Federal University of Pará in Brazil, Genzel recalls his journey as a physicist; the influence of his father, Ludwig Genzel; his experiences working with Charles H. Townes; and more.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter K. Gregersen</span> American geneticist

Peter K. Gregersen is a geneticist who heads the Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics at Northwell's Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York, and is a professor of molecular medicine at Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine. He received his MD from Columbia University in 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</span> Award established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank in memory of Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, is an economics award funded by Sveriges Riksbank and administered by the Nobel Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Rudensky</span> Russian-born American immunologist

Alexander Rudensky is an immunologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center known for his research on regulatory T cells and the transcription factor Foxp3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Ramsdell</span>

Frederick J. "Fred" Ramsdell is an American immunologist. Ramsdell graduated from the University of California, San Diego in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in biology and from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1987 with a Ph.D. in immunology. As a postdoc he worked at the National Institutes of Health and subsequently in biotech companies in the Seattle area. He has served as a senior executive at several biotech companies Darwin Molecular/Celltech, ZymoGenetics, Novo Nordisk, and aTyr Pharma. Since the beginning of 2016, he has been Research Director at the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy in San Francisco.

Jan-Erik Ingvar Roos was a Swedish mathematician whose research interests were in abelian category theory, homological algebra, and related areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel L. Kastner</span> American physician and researcher

Daniel L. Kastner is an American physician and researcher specialising in the genetics of autoinflammatory disorders. He is scientific director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, where he is a National Institutes of Health Distinguished Investigator. He was awarded the 2021 Crafoord Prize for Polyarthritis for his pioneering work on autoinflammatory diseases.

References

  1. ↑ "About the Crafoord Prize". Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "About the Crafoord Prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  3. 1 2 "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.
  4. ↑ "The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2021". Carfoordprize.se. 31 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  5. ↑ "Gail Mahood's Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  6. ↑ "Crafoord Prize Laureates". The Crafoord Prize. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2014" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  8. ↑ Maugh II, Thomas H. (21 June 2010). "Vladimir Arnold dies at 72; Russian mathematician". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  9. 1 2 "Louis Nirenberg Receives National Medal of Science" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. October 1996. p. 1111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  10. ↑ Smith, Leonard A. (23 October 2011). "Professor Edward Lorenz: Meteorologist whose work on weather prediction led to the discovery of chaos and the 'butterfly effect'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  11. ↑ "Daniel H. Janzen Wins 2011 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award". University of Pennsylvania. 16 February 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Gahm, Gösta (1985). "The Crafoord Prize 1985 in Astronomy to Professor Lyman Spitzer Jr". Physica Scripta. 11. IOP Publishing: 3–4. Bibcode:1985PhST...11....3G. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/1985/T11/001. S2CID   250781983.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Reed, Christina (2009). Earth Science. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. p. 291. ISBN   978-1-4381-0979-4.
  14. ↑ Becher, Anne; Richey, Joseph (2008). American Environmental Leaders: M-Z . Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing. p.  603. ISBN   978-1-5923-7119-8.
  15. ↑ Ruelle, David (2007). The Mathematician's Brain. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 137. ISBN   978-0-6911-2982-2. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  16. 1 2 Matthews, Robert (20 August 2006). "Mathematics, where nothing is ever as simple as it seems". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  17. ↑ "Paul R. Ehrlich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  18. ↑ "Edward O. Wilson". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  19. ↑ "Allan Sandage". The Daily Telegraph. 21 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  20. ↑ "William Donald Hamilton". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  21. ↑ "William D Hamilton". Crafoord Prize. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "Crafoord Laureates". California Institute of Technology . Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  23. ↑ "Seymour Benzer". Crafoord Prize. 22 August 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  24. ↑ "Simon Donaldson". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  25. ↑ "Simon Donaldson". Crafoord Prize. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  26. ↑ Overbye, Dennis (17 October 2006). "The Emperor of Math". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  27. ↑ "Shing-Tung Yau". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  28. ↑ Levine, Simon A. (September 1996). "Robert May Receives Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. p. 977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  29. ↑ "Professor Sir Fred Hoyle". The Daily Telegraph. 22 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  30. ↑ "Edwin Salpeter". The Guardian. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  31. 1 2 "Dziewonski Receives 2002 William Bowie Medal". American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  32. ↑ "Sussex Biologist Scoops Crafoord Prize". University of Sussex. 26 February 1999. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  33. ↑ "Connes Receives 2001 Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2001. p. 502. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  34. ↑ "Dan McKenzie". British Library. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  35. ↑ "Dan P McKenzie". Crafoord Prize. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  36. ↑ Yardley, William (31 December 2012). "Carl Woese Dies at 84; Discovered Life's 'Third Domain'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  37. ↑ "Carl R Woese". Crafoord Prize. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  38. ↑ Baker, Mitzi (11 February 2004). "Pathology professor Butcher takes home Sweden's other big prize, the Crafoord". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  39. ↑ Schilling, Govert (27 January 2005). "Cosmology Pays Off". Science . American Association for the Advancement of Science. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  40. ↑ "Wallace Broecker". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  41. ↑ Hippel, William von; Trivers, R. (February 2011). "Behavioral and Brain Sciences". Cambridge University Press . 34 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1017/S0140525X10001354. PMID   21288379. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  42. ↑ "Crafoord Prize 2008 awarded to Rashid Sunyaev". Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. 21 January 2008. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  43. 1 2 "Kontsevich and Witten Receive 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2008. p. 583. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  44. ↑ "Techne Corporation Board Member Recognized". PR Newswire. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  45. ↑ "Ilkka Hanski receives the Crafoord Prize". University of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  46. ↑ "Reinhard Genzel wins Crafoord Prize". Royal Astronomical Society . Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  47. ↑ "Jean Bourgain and Terence Tao Named 2012 Crafoord Laureates in Mathematics". Institute for Advanced Study . 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  48. ↑ Wollheim, Frank A. (22 August 2013). "The Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis 2013". Rheumatology. 53 (4): 581–582. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket285 . PMID   23970543.
  49. ↑ "Peter Molnar wins Crafoord Prize in Geosciences". Royal Astronomical Society . 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  50. ↑ Lane, Isabel (19 January 2015). "Crafoord Prize in Biosciences goes to genetic polymorphism research". Biofuels Digest. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  51. ↑ "NZ astrophysicist awarded $1m prize". Sky News Australia. 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  52. 1 2 "Yakov Eliashberg awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  53. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2017 Archived 18 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ↑ "Alexander Rudensky Appointed Immunology Program Chair". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 26 September 2012. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  55. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2018 Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Crafoordprize.se
  56. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2019 Archived 19 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Crafoordprize.se
  57. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2020 Archived 30 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine Crafoordprize.se
  58. ↑ "The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2021". Crafoord Prize. 31 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  59. ↑ "Crafoord Prize 2022". Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  60. ↑ "Crafoord Prize 2023". Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  61. ↑ "Crafoord Prize 2024". Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.