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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2006.
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov | Valid | Karafit et al. | An athyriaceous fern | |||||
Gen et sp nov | Valid | Smith et al. | An athyriaceous fern | |||||
Sp nov | Valid | Serbet & Rothwell | A fern of uncertain affinity | |||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov | valid | Elliot, Mindell, & Stockey | A juglandaceous fruit. | |||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov | Valid | Schweigert & Garassino | A stenochirid. | |||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et 3 sp. nov | valid | Archibald, Cover, & Moreau | A myrmeciine bulldog ant | |||||
Trib, Gen, et sp. nov | valid | Shcherbakov | Green River Formation | |||||
Gen et 3 sp nov | Valid | Dlussky & Radchenko | A Myrmicin ant | ![]() | ||||
Gen et sp nov | valid | Poinar | A mantidfly | |||||
Gen et sp. nov | valid | Archibald, Cover, & Moreau | A myrmeciine bulldog ant | ![]() | ||||
Sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing | |||||
Sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing | ![]() | ||||
Sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing | |||||
Sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing | |||||
Sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing | ![]() | ||||
Sp nov | valid | Nel & Auvray | A vespid wasp | ![]() | ||||
Gen et 3 sp nov | valid | Archibald & Makarkin | An ithionid giant lacewing parataxon | ![]() | ||||
Gen, sp., et comb nov | valid | Archibald, Cover, & Moreau | A myrmeciine bulldog ant | ![]() | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tirolonautilus feltgeni [14] | Sp nov | Valid | Chirat, Vaslet & Le Nindre | A nautiloid. | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tiktaalik [15] | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Type species T. roseae. The Earliest Tetrapod. | ![]() | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Carboniferous | The type species is Iberospondylus schultzei. | ![]() | |||
Valid |
| Early Triassic | The type species is Tirraturhinus smisseni. | ||||
Valid |
| Middle Triassic | The type species is Trematolestes hagdorni. | ![]() |
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous | The type species is Pangerpeton sinensis. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | The type species is Maiaspondylus lindoei. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Permian | Two species was descript: Rautiania alexandri (type) and R. minchi. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Triassic | The type species is Bobosaurus forojuliensis. | ||||
Valid |
| Late Cretaceous | The type species is Futabasaurus suzukii. | ||||
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | The type species is Opallionectes andamookaensis. | ||||
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | The type species is Umoonasaurus demoscyllus. |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov | Valid | Apesteguia & Zaher | Late Cretaceous | Type sp N rionegrina. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation | A sea turtle. The type species is G. salahi. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Cretaceous | A notosuchian. The type species is Adamantinasuchus navae. | ![]() | |||
Valid |
| Pleistocene | A crocodylid. The type species is Aldabrachampsus dilophus. | ||||
Valid |
| Late Triassic |
| A rauisuchian. The type species is Effigia okeeffeae. | ![]() | ||
Valid |
| Early-Late Cretaceous | A eusuchian. The type species is Isisfordia duncani. | ![]() |
Data are courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list. [32]
Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adamantisaurus [33] | Valid taxon | |||||
Agujaceratops | Valid taxon |
|
| ![]() | ||
Alaskacephale [34] | Valid taxon |
| Apachycephalosaurid from Alaska. | ![]() | ||
Aniksosaurus [35] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Antarctopelta . [36] | Valid taxon |
|
| An Ankylosaur from Antarctica | ![]() | |
Balochisaurus | Valid taxon |
| ||||
"Bayosaurus" | Nomen nudum | |||||
Cedrorestes [37] | Valid taxon | |||||
Dracorex [38] | Jr. Synonym |
|
| Jr. Synonym of Pachycephalosaurus . | ![]() | |
Dracovenator [39] | Valid taxon |
| An African Neotheropod related to Dilophosaurus. | ![]() | ||
Erketu [40] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Europasaurus [41] | Valid taxon | Mateus Laven Knötschke vide:
|
| A basal macronarian sauropod exhibiting insular dwarfism. | ![]() | |
Fusuisaurus [42] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Guanlong [43] | Valid taxon |
|
| A basal, crested Tyrannosauroid. | ![]() | |
Huanghetitan . [44] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Jiutaisaurus [45] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Juravenator [46] | Valid taxon |
| A feathered Compsognathid. | ![]() | ||
Khetranisaurus [ citation needed ] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Koutalisaurus [47] | Jr. Synonym |
|
| Jr. Synonym of Pararhabdodon . | ||
Ligabuesaurus [48] | Valid taxon |
|
| An Argentine Titanosaur. | ||
Mantellisaurus [49] | Valid taxon |
| ![]() | |||
Mapusaurus [50] | Valid taxon | An Argentine Carcharodontosaur. | ![]() | |||
Marisaurus [ citation needed ] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Maxakalisaurus [51] | Valid taxon |
|
| ![]() | ||
Othnielosaurus [52] | Valid taxon | ![]() | ||||
Pakisaurus [ citation needed ] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Razanandrongobe [53] | Valid taxon |
|
| Described by the authors as a possible crocodylomorph or theropod. | ||
Sacisaurus [54] | Valid taxon |
|
| Possibly a Dinosaur. | ![]() | |
Sonidosaurus | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Sulaimanisaurus [ citation needed ] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Theiophytalia [55] | Valid taxon |
|
| ![]() | ||
Tsaagan [56] | Valid taxon |
|
| ![]() | ||
Turiasaurus [57] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Vitakridrinda .[ citation needed ] | Valid taxon |
| An Abelisaur from Pakistan. | |||
Xuanhuaceratops [58] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Yamaceratops [59] | Valid taxon |
| ![]() | |||
Yinlong [60] | Valid taxon |
|
| ![]() | ||
Yuanmousaurus [61] | Valid taxon |
|
| |||
Zapalasaurus | Valid taxon |
|
| An Argentine Rebbachisaur. | ||
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nomen Nudum | Thesis name | Early Ypresian | A species of Charadriiformes, Abdounornithidae. | |||||
Nomen Nudum | Thesis name | Bourdon | Middle Eocene | A species of Pelagornithidae. | ||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Early or Middle Pleistocene | A species of Anas . | |||||
Valid | Gen et Sp. nov. | An Ornithurae, type sp A. spathula. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Middle Turolian | An Anatidae. | |||||
Valid | Gen. et Sp. nov. | An Enantiornithes, described from a brain endocast. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. et Sp. nov. | A Passeriformes Incertae Sedis. | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A Psittacidae. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Enantiornithes, type species is Dal. liweii. | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Enantiornithes, type species Dap. sentisorhinus | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Subrecent | A Columbidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Subrecent | A Columbidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Steadman | A Psittacidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Jeremy J. Kirchman & Steadman | A Rallidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Kirchman & Steadman | A Rallidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Kirchman & Steadman | A Rallidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Kirchman & Steadman | A Rallidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Kirchman & Steadman | Holocene | A Rallidae. | ||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Late Eocene | ||||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Subrecent | ||||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Eocene | A Masillaraptoridae, type species M. parvunguis | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Olson & Wingate | An Ardeidae. | |||||
Nomen Nudum | Thesis name | Bourdon | ||||||
Nomen Nudum | Thesis name | Bourdon | ||||||
Valid | Gen. et Sp. nov. | Early or Middle Pleistocene | An Anatidae. Type species is P. bravardi. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Late Wasatchian | A Leptosomidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Weidig | Late Wasatchian | A Leptosomidae. | ||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Kirchman & Steadman | A Rallidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Hospitaleche, Chávez, & Fritis | A Spheniscidae. | |||||
Valid | Sp. nov. | ?Early Pliocene | A Spheniscidae. | |||||
Valid | Gen. et Sp. nov. | Early Pleistocene | A Phasianidae, type species is S. fenyinis | |||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Late Eocene | A Spheniscidae, two species T. mesetaensis & T. minimum | |||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Early Paleocene | Basic Waipara Greensand | A stem Spheniscidae. The type species is Wa. manneringi. Originally the second species, Wa. tuatahi, was assigned to this genus as well; Mayr et al. (2018) transferred this species to the separate genus Muriwaimanu . [86] | ||||
Valid | Gen. et Sp. nov. | An early Passeriformes Incertae Sedis, type species is Wi. weissi |
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | A pterodactyloid. The type species is Cathayopterus grabaui. | ||||
Valid |
| Late Triassic | A rhamphorhynchoid. The type species is Caviramus schesaplanensis. | ||||
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | A pterodactyloid. The type species is Longchengpterus zhoai. | ||||
Valid |
| Late Cretaceous | Austin Group | The type species is Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis. | |||
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | A pterodactyloid. The type species is Yixianopterus jingangshanensis. |
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Late Permian | The type species is Herpetoskylax hopsoni. | ||||
Valid |
| Upper Triassic | The type species is Elliotherium kerstenae (emmend.). | ||||
Valid |
| Upper Permian | The type species is Idelisaurus tataricus. | ||||
Valid |
| Early Triassic | The type species is Langbergia modisei. | ||||
Valid |
| Middle Triassic | The type species is Nanogomphodon wildi. | ||||
Valid |
| The type species is Oromycter dolesorum. | |||||
Valid |
| The type species is Pachydectes elsi. | |||||
Valid |
| Upper Permian | The type species is Paraburnetia sneeubergensis. | ||||
Valid | Bonaparte, Soares, & Schultz | Middle Triassic | Type sp P. estudianti. | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disputed | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Oxyaenidae. Genus includes new species A. palustris. Subsequently, Solé, Gheerbrant & Godinot (2013) considered the genus Anthracoxyaena to be a junior synonym of the genus Arfia , though the authors maintained A. palustris as a distinct species within the latter genus. [103] | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Hyopsodontidae. Genus includes new species A. confuciusi. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Leptictidae. Genus includes new species A. mckennai. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A possible member of the family Archaeolambdidae. Genus includes new species C. wangzhaoi. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Isectolophidae. Genus includes new species C. laoshanensis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A possible member of the family Paromomyidae. Genus includes new species D. ambiguus. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Mesonychia belonging to the family Mesonychidae. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Mesonychia belonging to the family Hapalodectidae. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Coryphodontidae. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A possible member of the family Amphilemuridae. Genus includes new species H. qiensis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Erinaceidae. Genus includes new species L. erinaceanus. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Arctostylopida belonging to the family Arctostylopidae. Genus includes new species M. roboreus and M. rosella. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Eomoropidae. Genus includes new species P. taishanensis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Tillodontia. Genus includes new species P. orientalis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Hyaenodontidae belonging to the subfamily Proviverrinae. Genus includes new species P. youngi. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A possible member of the family Amphilemuridae. Genus includes new species Q. schieboutae. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Leptictidae. Genus includes new species S. simplus and S? stenotalus. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Anagalida belonging to the family Pseudictopidae. Genus includes new species S. changleensis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A rodent. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A possible member of the family Nyctitheriidae. Genus includes new species T. asiatica. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Viverravidae. Genus includes new species V. vegetatus. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Coryphodontidae. Genus includes new species W. xianwui. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of Suiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species W. primiveris. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Astigalidae. Genus includes new species Y. weifangensis. | ||||
Valid | Tong & Wang | Early Eocene | A member of the family Miacidae. Genus includes new species Z. zetesios. | ||||
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1999.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2000.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2001.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2002.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2003.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2004.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2005.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2007.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1973.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2008.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.
The year 2013 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 10,000 years ago. The year 2013 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
Luis María Chiappe is an Argentine paleontologist born in Buenos Aires who is best known for his discovery of the first sauropod nesting sites in the badlands of Patagonia in 1997 and for his work on the origin and early evolution of Mesozoic birds. He is currently the Vice President of Research and Collections at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and director of the museum's Dinosaur Institute. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the American Museum of Natural History, New York after immigrating from Argentina. Chiappe is currently the curator of the award winning Dinosaur Hall at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, an adjunct professor at the University of Southern California, BBC advisor and author of scientific and popular books.
The year 2011 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2011 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
The year 2010 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2010 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur paleontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.