Winton Formation

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Winton Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Albian-Early Turonian
~104–92  Ma
Winton Formation outcrop.jpg
Type Geological formation
Unit of Rolling Downs Group
Underlies Unconformity with Quaternary Lake Eyre Basin sediments
Overlies Mackunda Formation, [1] Oodndatta Formation
Thickness<100 m (330 ft) at the margin
1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the centre
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone, claystone
Other Conglomerate, coal
Location
Coordinates 22°18′S143°06′E / 22.3°S 143.1°E / -22.3; 143.1
Approximate paleocoordinates 51°48′S134°06′E / 51.8°S 134.1°E / -51.8; 134.1
RegionFlag of Queensland.svg  Queensland
CountryFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Extent Eromanga Basin
Type section
Named for Winton, Queensland
Named byWhitehouse
LocationBores in and around Winton
Year defined1955
Winton formation.svg
Formation distribution within Australia

The Winton Formation is a Cretaceous geological formation in central-western Queensland, Australia. It is late Albian to early Turonian in age. [2] The formation blankets large areas of central-western Queensland. It consists of sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, siltstone and claystone. The sediments that make up these rocks represent the remnants of the river plains that filled the basin left by the Eromanga Sea - an inland sea that covered large parts of Queensland and central Australia at least four times during the Early Cretaceous. Great meandering rivers, forest pools and swamps, creeks, lakes and coastal estuaries all left behind different types of sediment.

Contents

In some areas, the Winton Formation is over 400 metres thick. To bring with them such a huge amount of sediment, the rivers that flowed across these plains must have been comparable in size to the present-day Amazon or Mississippi rivers. As more and more sediment was brought in, the margins of the inland sea slowly contracted. By around 95 million years ago, the deposition was complete and the inland sea would never be seen again.

By virtue of its age and the environmental conditions under which the rocks it consists of were deposited, the Winton Formation represents one of the richest sources of dinosaur fossils anywhere in Australia.

Fauna

Remnants of dinosaur footprints from Winton Formation are discovered at Lark Quarry track site Lark Quarry - overburden.jpg
Remnants of dinosaur footprints from Winton Formation are discovered at Lark Quarry track site

A fossil footprint-(ichnite), Wintonopus, found with two other dinosaur genera footprints at the Lark Quarry in Australia, c.f. Tyrannosauropus and Skartopus, have been found in the Winton Formation.

Dipnoi

Dipnoi of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Metaceratodus [3] M. boneiIsolated tooth platesLungfish belonging to the extinct family Ceratodontidae
M. ellioti
M. wollastoni

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Cladocyclus [4] C. geddesiNearly complete skull and partial skeleton

Squamates

Squamates of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Varanoidea [5] IndeterminateA damaged posterior trunk vertebraOriginally considered as dolichosaurid (cf. Coniasaurus ), [6] but reassigined

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Confractosuchus [7] C. sauroktonosNearly complete skeleton preserving a juvenile ornithopod in its abdomen
Confractosuchus.jpg
Isisfordia I. duncaniNearly complete skeleton and partial skull, referred complete skull
Isisfordia.jpg

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians
Ornithischians of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Amblydactylus A. gethingiLark Quarry.Multiple footprints.
Ankylosauria [8] IndeterminateThree isolated teeth from left and right dentary and right maxilla
Neornithischia IndeterminateTooth [9]
Ornithopoda [7] IndeterminateDigested remains associated with the holotype of Confractosuchus [7]
Ornithopoda UndescribedA nearly complete skull and mandible and at least three partial postcranial skeletons. [10] Small-bodied, recovered as part of "a diverse clade of Gondwanan ornithopods that includes taxa from Australia, South America, and Antarctica"
Wintonopus W. latomorumSnake Creek and Lark Quarry track site.Footprints.An ornithopod.
Sauropods
Sauropods of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Australotitan [11] A. cooperensisA partial scapula, humeri, ulna, pubes, ischia, femora, presacral vertebral centrum fragments, and rib fragments.A large diamantinasaurian sauropod that possesses a mosaic of features shared with titanosaurians with similar geographical and temporal range. Possibly a junior synonym of Diamantinasaurus. [12]
Australotitan holotype.png
Diamantinasaurus [13] D. matildae [13] A squamosal, quadrates, braincase, surangular, atlas intercentrum axis, cervical vertebrae, middle cervical neural arch, co-ossified sacral centra, cervical ribs, dorsal vertebrae, numerous dorsal ribs, fragmentary gastralia, coalesced sacral vertebrae, isolated sacral processes, scapula, coracoid, partial sternal plate, humeri, ulnae, radius, metacarpals I–V, manual phalanges, ilium, pubes, both ischia, femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus, and numerous fragments.A diamantinasaurian sauropod known from partial cranial material.
Diamantinasaurus AODF 836.jpg
Savannasaurus [14] S. elliottorum [14] Posterior cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, sacral vertebrae with processes, partial caudal vertebrae, fragmentary scapula, coracoid, sternal plates, incomplete humeri, shattered ulna, radius, metacarpals I–V, metacarpal IV, manual phalanges, fragments of ilia, pubes, ischia, astragalus, metatarsal III, and associated fragments.A wide-bodied sauropod that was well adapted to the wet, temperate floodplain environment it inhabited.
Savannasaurus skeleton.jpg
Sauropoda [7] IndeterminatePoorly preserved remains associated with the holotype of Confractosuchus [7]
Titanosauriformes UndescribedPartial skull, consisting of a braincase, quadrates, quadratojugals, a left squamosal, postorbitals, and several unprepared elements. associated with a hind limb [15]
Wintonotitan [13] W. wattsi [13] A scapula, both humeri, both ulnae, both radii, near complete metacarpus preserving complete metacarpals II–V with proximal half of metacarpal I, fragmentary dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs, partial ilium, ischium, caudal vertebral series including anterior caudals, middle caudals, posterior caudals, proximal chevrons, and numerous unidentifiable fragments.A titanosaur that is likely to be closely related to Australotitan, Diamantinasaurus and Savannasaurus.
Wintonotitan.png
Wintonotitan arm.png
Theropods
Theropods of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Australovenator [13] A. wintonensisDentaries, dorsal ribs and rib fragments, gastralial ribs and fragments, partial ilium, ulnae, radius, manus metacarpals, unguals, femur, tibiae, fibula, astragalus, metatarsals, pedal phalanges, humeri, radiale, distal carpal, and manual phalanxes.A megaraptoran theropod known from postcranial and cranial material.
Banjo Australovenator.jpg
Megaraptoridae [16] IndeterminateA partial skeleton, consisting of caudal vertebrae, metatarsals, a phalanx, and numerous unidentifiable fragments.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Winton Formation
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Ferrodraco [17] F. lentoniA partial premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries, partial frontal, mandibular articular region comprising the surangular, angular and articular, partial cervical vertebrae, partial scapulocoracoid, partial ulna, partial radius, proximal and distal carpals, metacarpal IV, proximal end of metacarpal IV, fragmentary non-wing manual phalanges, partial first wing phalanx (IV-1), and associated fragments.The most complete pterosaur from Australia and the youngest known anhanguerian.
Ferrodraco.jpg

Flora

Flora of the Winton Formation [18]
TaxaSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Marchantites M. marguerita Liverwort
Equisetites IndeterminateAxes Horsetail
Aff. Lygodium ?IndeterminateFern pinna
Phyllopteroides P. macclymontaeNumerous pinnule impressionsA fern belonging to the family Osmundaceae
Microphyllopteris cf. M. gleichenoidesFrond fragment impressionA fern belonging to the family Gleicheniaceae
Tempskya T. judithaePermineralized false trunksA tree fern
Tempskya sp. - MUSE.jpg
Otozamites cf. O. bengalensisLeavesMember of Bennettitales
Ptilophyllum Indeterminate
Pterostoma IndeterminateA possible cycad
Ginkgo G. wintonensis, four other possible speciesLeaf impressions (G. wintonensis) Dispersed cuticleA gingophyte, genus extant.
Taeniopteris IndeterminateLeaf impressionA member of Pentoxylales, youngest record of the group in Australia
Emwadea E. microcarpaSeed conesA member of Araucariaceae, more closely related to Agathis and Wollemia than Araucaria . [19]
Austrosequoia A. wintonensisCones and leaved axesA member of Cupressaceae
Araucariaceae IndeterminateLeaves
Cheirolepidiaceae Four taxaDispersed cuticle
Lovellea L. wintonensisPermineralised flowerA member of Laurales
Angiospermae IndeterminateLeaf impressions, cuticle fragmentsAt least ten distinct types, belonging to both monocots and dicotyledons

See also

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References

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