Equisetites

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Equisetites
Temporal range: Westphalian–Maastrichtian
319.0–66.043  Ma
Equisetites arenaceus 54645.jpg
Specimens of E. arenaceus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Subclass: Equisetidae
Order: Equisetales
Family: Equisetaceae
Genus:† Equisetites
Sternberg, 1833 [1]
Type species
†Equisetites muensteri
Sternberg, 1833 [1]
Other species [2]
  • †E. aequecaliginosusWeber, 2005 [3]
  • †E. angarensisGutova et al., 1969 [4]
  • †E. arenaceus von Jaeger, 1864
  • †E. asiaticusGutova et al., 1969 [4]
  • †E. carbonarium(Koenig, 1827 [originally Oncylogonatum])
  • †E. conicusSternberg, 1833
  • †E. ectypusIlyina, 1964 [5]
  • †E. elegansIlyina et al., 1966 [6]
  • †E. ferganensisGutova et al., 1969 [4]
  • †E. filusXu, 2003 [7]
  • †E. glaberKara-Murza, 1960 [8]
  • †E. glaburusKara-Murza, 1960 [8]
  • †E. gracilisMarcinkiewicz, Orlowska & Rogalska, 1960 [9]
  • †E. hemingwayiKidston, 1901
  • †E. hojedkiiAmeri, Khalilizade & Zamani, 2014 [10]
  • †E. inoratusGutova et al., 1964 and Ilyina, 1964 [11] [5]
  • †E. irregulariiAmeri, Khalilizade & Zamani, 2014 [10]
  • †E. latissimusVerbitskaya, 1962 [12]
  • †E. lyelliAllen et al., 1991 [13]
  • †E. keuperinaMorton, 1863
  • †Equishetites langevaginattisWu, 2008 [14]
  • †E. lateralisGnaedinger, Villalva & Zavattieri, 2023 [15]
  • †E. magnusGutova et al., 1964 [11]
  • †E. microrugosusVerbitskaya, 1962 [12]
  • †E. meugeoti(Brongniart, 1828)
  • †E. nathorstiKlaus, 1960 [16]
  • †E. obbatusVerbitskaya, 1962 [12]
  • †E. pabdanaiiAmeri, Khalilizade & Zamani, 2014 [10]
  • †E. palustriformisGutova et al., 1964 [11]
  • †E. platyodonPotonie, 1962 [17]
  • †E. punctatusGutova et al., 1964 [11]
  • †E. pusillusVillar de Seoane, 2005 [2]
  • †E. sparseiiAmeri, Khalilizade & Zamani, 2014 [10]
  • †E. spatulatusZeiller, 1895
  • †E. rotundiformisProsviryakova, 1966 [18]
  • †E. rotundumKara-Murza, 1958 [19]
  • †E. rotundusKara-Murza, 1960 [8]
  • †E. subteresVerbitskaya, 1962 [12]
  • †E. suecicusBalme, 1995 [20]
  • †E. variabilisVinogradova, 1971 [21]
Synonyms
  • BajeraSternberg, 1825
  • Equisetites mougeotiiWills, 1910
  • E. arenaceousSchenk emend. Kelber & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1998
  • Equisetum lateraleGould, 1968 [15]
  • OncylogonatumKoenig, 1827

Equisetites is an extinct genus of vascular plants within Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. [22] The genus was named by Sternberg (1833) [1] and contains at least 40 named species and two unnamed species, [23] with the earliest known species being E. hemingwayi from the Westphalian of Yorkshire, England, though the affinity of this genus to modern Equistaceae is uncertain. [24]

Systematics

Equisetites is a "wastebin taxon" uniting all sorts of large horsetails from the Mesozoic; it is almost certainly paraphyletic and would probably warrant being subsumed in Equisetum . But while some of the species placed there are likely to be ancestral to the modern horsetails, there have been reports of secondary growth in other Equisetites, and these probably represent a distinct and now-extinct horsetail lineage. Equicalastrobus is the name given to fossil horsetail strobili, which probably mostly or completely belong to the (sterile) plants placed in Equisetites. [3]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 K. Sternberg, von Graf. (1833). Versuch einer geognostisch-botanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Heft V. Prag (1833–1838)
  2. 1 2 Villar de Seoane, Liliana (2005). "Equisetites pusillus sp. nov. from the Aptian of Patagonia, Argentina". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 7: 43–49. doi: 10.22179/revmacn.7.347 . ISSN   1514-5158.
  3. 1 2 Weber, Reinhard (2005): Equisetites aequecaliginosus sp. nov., ein Riesenschachtelhalm aus der spättriassischen Formation Santa Clara, Sonora, Mexiko [Equisetites aequecaliginosus sp. nov., a tall horsetail from the Late Triassic Santa Clara Formation, Sonora, Mexico]. Revue de Paléobiologie24(1): 331–364 [German with English abstract]. PDf fulltext
  4. 1 2 3 Gutova, L. N. et al. (1969). Vegetation of Early and Middle Jurassic Epochs of the Irkutsk Coal Basin. Trudy Sibirskoye Otdeleniye, Institut Zemnoi Kory, Akademiya Nauk SSR.Voprosy Biostratigrafii i Paleogeografii Sibirskoy Platformy p. 73- 88
  5. 1 2 Ilyina,V.I. (1964) Comparison of spore and pollen assemblages of Jurassic deposits of northeastern Kazakstan and the Kuznetsk Basin. (Taxonomy and Methods for the Study of Fossil Pollen and Spores. V.N. Saks and A.F. Khlonova, editors) p. 125- 140
  6. ↑ Comparative analysis of spore and pollen complexes in Jurassic deposits of the southern part of Western Siberia. (In: Palynology of Siberia. A.F.Chlonova, editor) p. 30-40
  7. ↑ Li, X. B.; Meng, F. S. (2003). "Discovery of fossil plants from the Ziliujing Formation in Hechuan of Chongqing". Geol. Min. 641 (3): 60–65. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3701.2003.03.011 . Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 Kara-Murza, E. N. (1960) Palynological basis of stratigraphical subdivision of the Mesozoic deposits of the Khatanga Depression. Transactions Ministry of Resource USSR, Leningrad, Science Research, Institute of Arctic Geology Vol. 109 P. 1- 134
  9. ↑ Marcinkiewicz,T. et al. (1960) Age of the Upper Helenow Beds, (Lias), in view of mega and microspore investigations, (Geological section Gorzow Slaski-Praska). Kwartalnik Geologiczny (Instytut Geologiczy) Vol. 4 # 2 p. 386- 398
  10. 1 2 3 4 Ameri, Hamed; Khalilizade, Hadis; Zamani, Fatane (2014). "Four New Equisetites Species (Sphenophyta) from the Hojedk Formation, Middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian), the North of Kerman, Iran". Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. 25: 253–264. S2CID   131407730.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Gutova, L. N. et al. (1964) Solution of problems of taxonomy and nomenclature obtained from the study of spores and pollen occurring in Jurassic Depoits of the Siberian Platform. (Taxonomy and Methods for the Study of Fossl Pollen and Spores. V.N. Saks and A.F. Khlonova, editors) p. 120- 138
  12. 1 2 3 4 Verbitskaya, Z. I. (1962) Stratigraphical subdivision of Cretaceous sediments of Suchan Coal Basin based on palynology. Trudy Laboratoriya Geologii Uglya, Akademiya Nauk SSR, (Moscow-Leningrad) Vol. 15 p. 1- 165
  13. ↑ Allen,P. et al. (1991) Correlation of northwest European Purbeck-Wealden, (nonmarine Lower Cretaceous), as seen from the English type areas. Cretaceous Research Vol. 12 # 5 p. 511- 526
  14. ↑ Shum-qing Wu, in The Jehol Fossils, 2008
  15. 1 2 Gnaedinger, Silvia; S. Villalva, Alejandra; Zavattieri, Ana María (2023). "Triassic Equisetites lateralis Phillips with strobilus in organic connection from Patagonia of Argentina and endophytic oviposition insect scars". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 13.
  16. ↑ Klaus,W. (1960) Spores of the Karnian Stage of the eastern Alps Triassic. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Vol. 5 p. 107- 184
  17. ↑ Potonie, R. (1962) Synopsis of the Sporae in situ. [Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch Vol. 52 p. 1- 204
  18. ↑ Prosviryakova, Z. P. (1966) The Jurassic flora of the Mangyshlak Peninsula and its stratigraphic significance. Trudy Ministerstvo Geologii SSR,Akademiya Nauk SSR,VSEGEI P. 1- 164
  19. ↑ Kara-Murza, E. N. (1958) Spore-pollen complexes in Triassic deposits of the Cape Tsvetkov Region. Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geologii Arktiki, Leningrad, Sbornik Statei po Paleontologii I Biostratigrafii, #8 # 8 p. 33- 58
  20. ↑ Balme, B. E. (1995) Fossil in situ, spores and pollen grains: An annotated catalogue. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology Vol. 87 p. 81- 323
  21. ↑ Vinogradova, K. V. (1971) Jurassic spore and pollen assemblages of Mangyshlak and Western Turkmeniya. (In: Spore and pollen of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous from Central Asia. N.A. Bolkhovitina and N.I. Fokina, editors.) Trudy VNIGNI, (Moscow) Vol. 104 p. 12- 18
  22. ↑ Dunmire, John R.; Williamson, Joseph F. (1995). "EQUISETUM hyemale". In Brenzel, Kathleen N. (ed.). Western Garden Book . Menlo Park, CA: Sunset. pp. 274, 606. ISBN   0376038500.
  23. ↑ Zauer, V. V. (1965) The Permian flora of Solikamsk. Trudy Vsesoyuznyy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Geologorazvedochniy Neftyanoy Institut (VNIGRI). Paleophytological Collection.(Samoilovich,S.R.,editor) Vol. 239 p. 53- 78
  24. ↑ Elgorriaga, Andrés; Escapa, Ignacio H.; Rothwell, Gar W.; Tomescu, Alexandru M. F.; Rubén Cúneo, N. (August 2018). "Origin of Equisetum : Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida". American Journal of Botany. 105 (8): 1286–1303. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1125 . ISSN   0002-9122.
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