Mishash Formation

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Mishash Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian-Maastrichtian
~75–66  Ma
Mishash & Menuha Formation near Arad.jpg
Outcrop of the Mishash Formation (dark upper part) overlying the Menuha Formation (light lower part) near Arad, Israel
Type Geological formation
Sub-units
  • Phosphate Member
    • Phosphorite Unit
    • Porcelanite Unit
    • Phosphatic Carbonate Unit
  • Chert Member
Underlies Ghareb Formation
Overlies Menuha Formation
Lithology
Primary Limestone
Other Phosphorite
Location
Coordinates 30°12′N35°00′E / 30.2°N 35.0°E / 30.2; 35.0
Approximate paleocoordinates 13°06′N30°12′E / 13.1°N 30.2°E / 13.1; 30.2
Country Israel
Israel relief location map.jpg
Lightgreen pog.svg
Mishash Formation (Israel)

The Mishash Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) geologic formation in Israel. The formation is correlated with the Duwi Formation of Egypt and the Amman and Ruseifa Formations of Jordan. [1] Mosasaur fossils assigned to Prognathodon currii and pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation.

Contents

Stratigraphy

The lower boundary of the Mishash Formation lies atop the top of the underlying Menuha Formation, while the upper boundary is covered by the overlying Ghareb Formation. [2] [3] The Mishash Formation is divided into two members known as the Chert Member and Phosphate Member, with the latter overlying the former. [4] Massive chert beds comprise the Chert Member, while the Phosphate Member is made up of cherts, phosphorites, porcellanites and organic-rich carbonates. [2] The Phosphate Member is further divided into three units; the Phosphatic Carbonate Unit lies at the bottom of the member, followed by the Porcelanite Unit in the middle, and finally the Phosphorite Unit at the top. [3]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Reptiles

Reptiles reported from the Mishash Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceStratigraphic memberMaterialNotesImages
Arambourgiania [3] A. sp.Nahal Qazra & OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) Endocranium & bone castsAn azhdarchid pterosaur, originally reported as Titanopteryx.
Arambourgiania philadelphiae.png
Liodon [5] L. asiaticumNear Jerusalem Numerous bonesA dubious mosasaur, remains now assigned to Mosasaurinae indet. & Mosasaurini incertae sedis
Mosasaurinae indet. [5] IndeterminateNortheastern JerusalemCaudal vertebrae Mosasaur remains originally assigned to Liodon asiaticum
Mosasaurini [5] Incertae sedis Northeastern Jerusalem30 bonesA mosasaur related to Mosasaurus and Plotosaurus , remains originally assigned to Liodon asiaticum
Prognathodon [6] P. curriiOronPhosphate MemberSkull & 8 vertebraeA large mosasaur
Israeli Prognathodon.jpg
Reptilia indet. [3] IndeterminateNahal QazraPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)EndocraniumRemains of an indeterminate reptile.
Titanopteryx [3] T. sp.Nahal Qazra & OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)Endocranium & bone casts Junior synonym of Arambourgiania .

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Mishash Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceStratigraphic memberMaterialNotesImages
Enchodus [3] E. faujasiNahal Qazra & OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)Endocranial castsAn aulopiform.
Enchodus faujasi 2.jpg
E. sp.Nahal Qazra, Nahal Zin, Nahal Ashosh & OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite, Porcelanite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)Endocranial casts & bonesAn aulopiform.
Enchodus petrosus.png
Micropycnodon [3] M. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)3 endocranial castsA pycnodont.
MenuhaMicropycnodonKansasensis.jpg
Polymixiidae [3] IndeterminateOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)3 complete & a fragmentary endocranial castA beardfish.
Polymixia nobilis1.jpg
Prionolepis [3] P. sp.Nahal AshoshPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)Endocranial castAn aulopiform.
Prionolepis cataphractus.JPG
Stratodus [3] S. sp.Nahal Qazra, Nahal Zin, Nahal Ashosh & OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)Endocranial casts & bonesAn aulopiform.
Stratodus DB12.jpg

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Mishash Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceStratigraphic memberMaterialNotesImages
Anomotodon [7] A. plicatusOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA goblin shark
A. sp.Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA goblin shark
Centroscymnus [7] cf. C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA sleeper shark
Centroscymnus coelolepis norfanz.jpg
Centrosqualus [7] C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA dogfish shark
Chiloscyllium [7] C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA carpet shark
Chiloscyllium punctatum.jpg
Cretalamna [7] C. appendiculataOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA megatooth shark
Cretolamna appendiculata.jpg
C. caraibaeaOron & Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethSpecies reassigned to Serratolamna
C. maroccanaOron & Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA megatooth shark
C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA megatooth shark
Cretalamna reconstruction.png
Cretascymnus [7] C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA sleeper shark
Cretodus [7] C. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA pseudoscapanorhynchid shark, small-sized member of the genus
Cretodus.jpg
Echinorhinidae indet. [7] IndeterminateOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethAn echinorhinid shark
Ganopristis [7] G. leptodonOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethGenus now deemed a junior synonym of Sclerorhynchus
G. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)Teeth
Heterodontus [7] H. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA bullhead shark
Heterodontus japonicus.jpg
Hexanchus [7] H. microdonOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)Numerous teethA cow shark
Paraorthacodus [7] P. aff. nerviensisOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)ToothA paraorthacodontid shark
Paraorthacodus.jpg
Pristiophorus [7] P. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA sawshark
Pristiophorus delicatus csiro-nfc.jpg
Pseudocorax [7] P. aff. affinisOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)Many teethA pseudocoracid shark
Pseudocorax affinis.jpg
Pteroscyllium [7] P. sp. 1OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA catshark
P. sp. 2OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA catshark
Rhinobatoidei n. gen. [7] OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA guitarfish
Rhinobatos [7] R. sp. 1OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA guitarfish
R. sp. 2OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA guitarfish
R. sp. 3OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA guitarfish
Rhombodus [7] R. binkhorstiNahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA myliobatiform ray
Rhombodus NT small cropped.png
Scapanorhynchus [7] S. cf. raphiodonOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA goblin shark
Scapanorhynchus lewisii.jpg
Sclerorhynchus [7] S. leptodonOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)TeethA sawskate originally reported as Ganopristis leptodon
S. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit)TeethA sawskate, some material originally reported as Ganopristis sp., also found in the Menuha Formation
Scyliorhinus [7] S. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)TeethA catshark
Chain catshark.png
Serratolamna [7] S. caraibaeaOron & Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA serratolamnid shark
Squalicorax [7] S. bassaniiOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethAn anacoracid shark
S. pristodontusOron & Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)TeethAn anacoracid shark
Squalicorax pristodontus Agassiz, 1843 1.jpg
S. sp.Oron & Nahal ZinimPhosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units)TeethAn anacoracid shark
Squalicorax2DB.jpg
Squalus [7] S. sp.OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA dogfish shark
Squalus acanthias2.jpg
Squatina [7] S. hasseiOronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethAn angelshark
Triakidae [7] Triakid 1OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA houndshark
Triakid 2OronPhosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit)TeethA houndshark

See also

References

  1. Mishash Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. 1 2 Soudry, David; Nathan, Yaacov; Ehrlich, Sarah (2013). "Geochemical diagenetic trends during phosphorite formation – economic implications: The case of the Negev Campanian phosphorites, Southern Israel" . Sedimentology. 60 (3): 800–819. Bibcode:2013Sedim..60..800S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01361.x. ISSN   0037-0746.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lewy, Zeev (1995). "Upper Campanian natural endocranial casts of fish and of a pterosaur" (PDF). Geological Survey of Israel Technical Report: 1–21.
  4. Soudry, D.; Nathan, Y.; Roded, R. (1985). "The Ashosh-Haroz facies and their significance for the Mishash palae-ogeography and phosphorite accumulation in the northernand central Negev". Israel Journal of Earth Sciences. 34: 211–220.
  5. 1 2 3 Bardet, Nathalie; Desmares, Delphine; SáNchez-Pellicer, Raquel; Gardin, Silvia (2021-05-10). "Rediscovery of "Liodon" asiaticum Répelin, 1915, a Mosasaurini (Squamata, Mosasauridae, Mosasaurinae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the vicinity of Jerusalem – Biostratigraphical insights from microfossils". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 20 (20): 351–372. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a20. ISSN   1777-571X.
  6. Christiansen, Per; Bonde, Niels (2002). "A New Species of Gigantic Mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 629–644. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0629:ANSOGM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0272-4634. JSTOR   4524254.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Lewy, Zeev; Cappetta, Henri (1989-04-01). "Senonian Elasmobranch teeth from Israel Biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte (4): 212–222. doi:10.1127/njgpm/1989/1989/212.

Further reading