1870 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1870.

Contents

Arthropods

Newly named insects

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Bibio lartetii [2]

Sp. nov

jr synonym

Oustalet, 1870

Oligocene

Flag of France.svg  France

A bibionid,
moved to Plecia larteti in 2017

Plecia larteti Plecia larteti holotype MNHN.F.R06667 direct lighting.jpg
Plecia larteti

Protomyia lugens [2]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Oustalet, 1870

Oligocene

Flag of France.svg  France

A bibionid,
moved to Penthetria lugens in 2017

Penthetria lugens Penthetria lugens holotype MNHN direct lighting.jpg
Penthetria lugens

"Fish"

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Asineops' [3]

Gen et Sp nov

valid

Cope

Eocene
Ypresian

Green River Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Wyoming.svg  Wyoming

A fish of possibly Percopsiformes affiliation.
The type species is A. squamifrons

Asineops squamifrons Asineops squamifrons, Sweetwater County, Wyoming - Natural History Museum of Utah - DSC07155.JPG
Asineops squamifrons

Cyprinodon levatus [3]

Sp nov

Jr synonym

Cope

Eocene
Ypresian

Green River Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of Wyoming.svg  Wyoming

A percopsid fish
Moved to Erismatopterus levatus in 1871

Erismatopterus levatus Erismatopterus levatus University of Michigan v2.jpg
Erismatopterus levatus

Turtles

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Pneumatoarthrus [4]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Cope

Cretaceous
Maastrichtian

Mount Laurel Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey

First identified as a possible basal sauropod.
Reidentified as a protostegid marine turtle.
The type species is P. peloreus

Pneumatoarthrus Pneumatoarthrus vertebrae.jpg
Pneumatoarthrus

Archosauromorphs

Newly named birds

NameStatusAuthorsLocationNotes

Laornis

Misidentification.

Marsh

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey

Misidentified bird.
The type species is L. edvardsianus

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs

NameStatusAuthorsLocationNotesImages

Antrodemus

Nomen dubium

Joseph Leidy

Possible subjective synonym of Allosaurus .

Ornithopsis

Nomen dubium

Harry Govier Seeley

Earlier it was believed that the fossils were those of a pterosaur. But now it is known that they were the bones of a Sauropod.

Struthiosaurus

Valid

Bunzel

A dwarf ankylosaur.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

NameStatusAuthorsLocationNotes

Taphrosaurus

Valid

Cope

Uronautes

Valid

Cope

Pterosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Cycnorhamphus [5] Gen. nov.Valid Seeley Kimmeridgian Nursplinger Schist Flag of Germany.svg  Germany A new genus for Pterodactylus suevicus Quenstedt, 1855 Cycnorhamphus suevicus.jpg
Ornithocheirus brachyrhinus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus capito [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus colorhinus [5] Sp. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus . Later named Camposipterus colorhinus
Ornithocheirus crassidens [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus dentatus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus denticulatus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus enchorhynchus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus eurygnathus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus huxleyi [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus machaerorhynchus [5] Sp. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus . Later named Lonchodraco machaerorhynchus .
Ornithocheirus microdon [5] Sp. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus . Later named Lonchodraco microdon .
Ornithocheirus nasutus [5] Sp. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus . Later named Camposipterus nasutus .
Ornithocheirus oxyrhinus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus platystomus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus polyodon [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus reedi [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus scaphorhynchus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus tenuirostris [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Ornithocheirus xyphorhynchus [5] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new species of Ornithocheirus .
Rhabdopelix Misidentification Cope At first it was thought to be a Triassic pterosaur, but is now known to be (at least in part) a kuehneosaurid

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

NameStatusAuthorsAgeLocationNotesImages

Lystrosaurus

Valid

Cope

252 million years ago.It was a protomammal that had fangs very similar to those of a walrus.
Lystrosaurus Lystr georg1DB.jpg
Lystrosaurus

Related Research Articles

Gigantosaurus is a dubious genus of Sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation of England. The type species, Gigantosaurus megalonyx, was named and described by Harry Govier Seeley in 1869.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Seeley</span> 19th century British paleontologist

Harry Govier Seeley was a British paleontologist.

<i>Ornithocheirus</i> Genus of ornithocheirid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Ornithocheirus is a pterosaur genus known from fragmentary fossil remains uncovered from sediments in the United Kingdom and possibly Morocco.

<i>Ornithopsis</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Ornithopsis is a genus of sauropod dinosaur, from the Early Cretaceous of England and possibly Germany. The type species, which is the only species seen as valid today, is O. hulkei, which is only known from fragmentary remains.

<i>Tropeognathus</i> Genus of anhanguerid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Tropeognathus is a genus of large pterosaurs from the late Early Cretaceous of South America. This genus is considered to be a member of the family Anhangueridae, however, several studies have also recovered it within another family called Ornithocheiridae. Both of these families are diverse groups of pterosaurs known for their keel-tipped snouts and large size. Tropeognathus is regarded as the largest pterosaur found in the Southern Hemisphere, only rivaled by the huge azhdarchids. The type and only species is Tropeognathus mesembrinus. Fossil remains of Tropeognathus have been recovered from the Romualdo Formation, which is a Lagerstätte located in the Santana Group of the Araripe Basin in northeastern Brazil.

<i>Macrurosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<i>Ornithostoma</i> Genus of azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

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<i>Cycnorhamphus</i> Genus of gallodactylid pterosaur Late Jurassic

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<i>Diopecephalus</i> Genus of euctenochasmatian pterosaur from the Late Jurassic

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<i>Lonchodectes</i> Genus of lonchodectid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous

Lonchodectes was a genus of lonchodectid pterosaur from several formations dating to the Turonian of England, mostly in the area around Kent. The species belonging to it had been assigned to Ornithocheirus until David Unwin's work of the 1990s and 2000s. Several potential species are known; most are based on scrappy remains, and have gone through several other generic assignments. The genus is part of the complex taxonomy issues surrounding Early Cretaceous pterosaurs from Brazil and England, such as Amblydectes, Anhanguera, Coloborhynchus, and Ornithocheirus.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1909.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1869.

<i>Colymbosaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Colymbosaurus is a genus of cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Late Jurassic (Callovian-Tithonian) of the UK and Svalbard, Norway. There are two currently recognized species, C. megadeirus and C. svalbardensis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ornithocheiridae</span> Family of ornithocheiran pterosaurs

Ornithocheiridae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. These pterosaurs were among the last to possess teeth. Members that belong to this group lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous periods, around 140 to 90 million years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pteranodontoidea</span> Clade of ornithocheiroid pterosaurs from the Cretaceous period

Pteranodontoidea is an extinct clade of ornithocheiroid pterosaurs from the Early to Late Cretaceous of Asia, Africa, Europe, North America and South America. It was named by Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner in 1996. In 2003, Kellner defined the clade as a node-based taxon consisting of the last common ancestor of Anhanguera, Pteranodon and all its descendants. The clade Ornithocheiroidea is sometimes considered to be the senior synonym of Pteranodontoidea, however it depends on its definition. Brian Andres in his analyses, converts Ornithocheiroidea using the definition of Kellner (2003) to avoid this synonymy.

<i>Lonchodraco</i> Genus of lonchodraconid pterosaur from the Cretaceous period

Lonchodraco is a genus of lonchodraconid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southern England. The genus includes species that were previously assigned to other genera.

<i>Camposipterus</i> Genus of ornithocheiran pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Camposipterus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England. Fossil remains of Camposipterus dated back to the Early Cretaceous, about 112 million years ago.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1849.

<i>Ikrandraco</i> Genus of lonchodraconid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Ikrandraco is a genus of lonchodraconid pterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of northeastern China, and the Cambridge Greensand of England. It is notable for its unusual skull, which features a crest on the lower jaw.

<i>Aerodraco</i> Genus of anhanguerid pterosaur from the Cretaceous period

Aerodraco is a genus of anhanguerid pterosaur from the Albian–Cenomanian-age Cambridge Greensand of England. It contains only one species, Aerodraco sedgwickii. It was originally assigned to the genus Pterodactylus.

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. 1 2 Skartveit, J.; Nel, A. (2017). "Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits". Zootaxa. 4225 (1): 1–83. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4225.1.1. PMID   28187637.
  3. 1 2 Grande, L. (1984). "Paleontology of the Green River Formation, with a review of the fish fauna". Bulletin of the Wyoming State Geological Survey. 63 2nd ed. Laramie, Wyoming.
  4. Cope, 1870. Observations on the Reptilia of the Triassic formations of the Atlantic region of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 11, 444-446.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Seeley, H.G. (1870). The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyles, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.