1869 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1869.

Contents

Insects

New taxa

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Elephantomyia brevipalpa [2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,

Elephantomyia brevipalpa Elephantomyia brevipalpa specimen MP3323.jpg
Elephantomyia brevipalpa

Elephantomyia longirostris [2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,

Elephantomyia longirostris Elephantomyia (E.) longirostris fig 10 body 01.jpg
Elephantomyia longirostris

Elephantomyia pulchella [2]

comb. nov

Valid

(Loew) Osten-Sacken

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

A Limoniid cranefly,

Elephantomyia pulchella Elephantomyia (E.) pulchella Fig 12 body 01.jpg
Elephantomyia pulchella

Reptiles

Turtles

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Rhinochelys [3] Gen. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new genus for Chelone pulchriceps Owen, 1851.
"Rhinochelys mastocephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys eurycephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys stenicephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys cardiocephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys sphenicephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dayi" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys platyrhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys rheporhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys graptocephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dacognathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys colognathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys dimerognathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys gryphus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys platycephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Rhinochelys leptognathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of turtle.
"Emys sphenognathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Emys .
Trachydermochelys phlyctaenus [3] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England
"Testudo cantabrigiensis" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Testudo .
Pleurosternon sedgwicki [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group Flag of England.svg  England A species of Pleurosternon .
Pleurosternon vansittarti [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group Flag of England.svg  England A species of Pleurosternon .
Pleurosternon oweni [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group Flag of England.svg  England A species of Pleurosternon .
Pleurosternon typocardium [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group Flag of England.svg  England A species of Pleurosternon .
Enaliochelys chelonia [3] Gen. et sp. nov. Jr. synonym Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England Synonym of Achelonia .

Crocodylomorphs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
"Crocodilus cantabrigiensis" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Crocodilus .
"Dakosaurus lissocephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Dakosaurus .

Dinosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
"Cryptosaurus eumerus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal designation for an informal species of dinosaur known from a femur. Named in 1875.
Gigantosaurus megalonyx [3] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England A possible chimaera of non-ichthyosaur, plesiosaur, crocodilian, or turtle remains.
Hypselosaurus priscus [4] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Matheron Maastrichtian Grès à Reptiles Flag of France.svg  France Originally believed to be a crocodilian, now a sauropod. Hypselosaurus.png
Hypsibema crassicauda [5] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Cope Campanian Tar Heel Formation Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina
Hypsilophodon foxii [6] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Huxley Barremian Wessex Formation Flag of England.svg  England A small and agile ornithopod. Hypsilophodon.jpg
Ornithotarsus immanis [7] Gen. et sp. nov. Nomen dubium Cope Campanian Merchantville Formation Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey A hadrosaurid.
Rhabdodon priscus [4] Gen. et sp. nov.Valid Matheron Maastrichtian Grès à Reptiles Flag of France.svg  France A dwarf relative of Iguanodon . Rhabdodon by Tom Parker.png
"Acanthopholis platypus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Acanthopholis .
"Acanthopholis macrocercus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Acanthopholis .
"Acanthopholis stereocercus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Acanthopholis .
"Macrurosaurus semnus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal genus and informal species of dinosaur.
"Iguanodon phillipsi" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Barremian Wealden Group Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Iguanodon . Later named Priodontognathus .

Birds

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
"Enaliornis barretti" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal genus and informal species of bird.
"Enaliornis sedgwicki" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of bird.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Ornithocheirus [3] Gen. nov.Valid Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England A new genus name for multiple species including Pterodactylus simus Owen, 1861. Ornithocheirus simus.jpg
"Ornithocheirus carteri" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ornithocheirus platyrhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal designation for multiple informal species of pterosaur including Pterodactylus sedgwicki Owen, 1859.
"Ptenodactylus oweni" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus polyodon" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus microdon" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus scaphorhynchus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus macrorhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus brachyrhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus crassidens" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus dentatus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus nasutus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus tenuirostris" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus capito" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus eurygnathus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus machaerorhynchus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus platystomus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus enchorhynchus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus colorhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
"Ptenodactylus oxyrhinus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of pterosaur.
Pterodactylus macrurus [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Berriasian Purbeck Group Flag of England.svg  England A species of Pterodactylus .

Ichthyosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
"Ichthyosaurus angustidens" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Cenomanian Chalk Group Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus walkeri" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus doughtyi" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus bonneyi" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus platymerus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus chalarodeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
"Ichthyosaurus hygrodeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Ichthyosaurus .
Ichthyosaurus megalodeirus [3] Sp. nov. Nomen dubium Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England A species of Ichthyosaurus .

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

TaxonNoveltyStatusAuthor(s)AgeUnitLocationNotesImages
Crymocetus Valid Cope
Polycotylus Valid Cope An advanced Short-Necked plesiosaur.
Polycotylus Polycotylus NT.jpg
Polycotylus
"Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus cycnodeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus microdeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus euryspondylus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus platydeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus ophiodeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus paecilospondylus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Stereosaurus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal genus for species including Polyptychodon interruptus .
"Stereosaurus platyomus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Stereosaurus cratynotus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Stereosaurus stenomus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Albian Cambridge Greensand Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of plesiosaur.
"Plesiosaurus megadeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus sterrodeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Pliosaurus evansi" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Pliosaurus .
"Pliosaurus pachydeirus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Pliosaurus .
"Plesiosaurus philarchus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of Plesiosaurus .
"Steneosaurus dasycephalus" [3] Invalid Nomen nudum Seeley Oxfordian Oxford Clay Formation Flag of England.svg  England An informal species of plesiosaur.

Paleontologists

Related Research Articles

<i>Elasmosaurus</i> Genus of reptiles (fossil)

Elasmosaurus is a genus of plesiosaur that lived in North America during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 80.5 million years ago. The first specimen was discovered in 1867 near Fort Wallace, Kansas, US, and was sent to the American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who named it E. platyurus in 1868. The generic name means "thin-plate reptile", and the specific name means "flat-tailed". Cope originally reconstructed the skeleton of Elasmosaurus with the skull at the end of the tail, an error which was made light of by the paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, and became part of their "Bone Wars" rivalry. Only one incomplete Elasmosaurus skeleton is definitely known, consisting of a fragmentary skull, the spine, and now lost pectoral and pelvic girdles, and a single species is recognized today; other species are now considered invalid or have been moved to other genera.

<i>Aublysodon</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Aublysodon is a genus of carnivorous dinosaurs known only from the Judith River Formation in Montana, which has been dated to the late Campanian age of the late Cretaceous period. The only currently recognized species, Aublysodon mirandus, was named by paleontologist Joseph Leidy in 1868. It is sometimes considered dubious now, because the type specimen consists only of an isolated premaxillary (front) tooth. Although this specimen is now lost, similar teeth have been found in many US states, western Canada, and Asia. These teeth almost certainly belong to juvenile tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids, but most have not been identified to species level. However, it is likely that the type tooth belongs to one of the species in the genus Daspletosaurus, which was present in contemporary formations, and which matches specific details of the original tooth. The synapomorphies alleged to distinguish the Aublysodontinae, especially lack of serrations on premaxillary teeth could have been caused by tooth wear in life, postmortem abrasion, or digestion. Most other "aublysodontine"-type teeth may be from ontogenetic stages or sexual morphs of other tyrannosaurids.

<i>Thespesius</i> Dubious extinct genus of dinosaurs

Thespesius is a dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of South Dakota.

<i>Ornithostoma</i> Genus of azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Ornithostoma is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous period of Europe, around 110 million years ago. Ornithostoma was once thought to have been a senior synonym of the pteranodontid Pteranodon due to its toothless anatomy and prior naming.

Rhabdopelix is a dubious genus of possible kuehneosaurid reptile, from the Late Triassic-age Lockatong Formation of Pennsylvania, United States. Based on partial, possibly chimeric remains, it was described by American naturalist and paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope as an early pterosaur. It held this status until the 1960s, when Ned Colbert reevaluated it for his description of Icarosaurus. He noted that the bones came from a block with the remains of other animals, and that Cope had misinterpreted some of the remains; for example, the rod-like "pubic bones" that had given it its name were actually much more like the bony structures used by Icarosaurus and related animals to glide. Additionally, he couldn't relocate the fossils, which are assumed to be lost. He recommended considering Rhabdopelix a dubious name. Peter Wellnhofer retained it as a pterosaur of unknown affinities in his 1978 review, but rejected this by 1991.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1987.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1988.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1991.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1992.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2001.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2002.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1980.

Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised faeces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 1978.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1970.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1875.

<i>Colymbosaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Colymbosaurus is a genus of cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Late Jurassic (Callovian-Tithonian) of the UK and Svalbard, Norway. There are two currently recognized species, C. megadeirus and C. svalbardensis.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1870.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridger Formation</span>

The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period. The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger. The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

Ischyrotherium is an extinct genus named by Joseph Leidy in 1856 for fossils from the lignite deposits in Nebraska. Originally considered an herbivorous cetacean, Leidy then reassigned it to Sirenia as a relative of manatees, before Edward Drinker Cope reclassified it as a non-mammalian, suggesting the new name Ischyrosaurus to better identify its reptilian origins, as he considered it a sauropterygian. Ischyrotherium was found alongside material from the hadrosaur Thespesius and turtles Compsemys and Emys, and the fish Mylognathus. The name Ischyrosaurus was also used by John Whitaker Hulke for the sauropod now known as Ornithopsis manseli, as he was unaware it was preoccupied by Cope.

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. 1 2 3 Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117434 . PMC   4338262 . PMID   25706127.
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  4. 1 2 Matheron, P.M. (1869). "Notice sur les reptiles fossiles des dépots fluvio-lacustres Crétacés du bassin a lignite de Fuveau". Extrait des Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres, et Arts de Marseille (in French): 345–379.
  5. E.D. Cope, (1869), "Remarks on Eschrichtius polyporus, Hypsibema crassicauda, Hadrosaurus tripos, and Polydectes biturgidus", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia21: 191-192
  6. Huxley, Thomas H. (1869). "On Hypsilophodon, a new genus of Dinosauria". Geological Society of London, Abstracts of Proceedings. 204: 3–4.
  7. Cope, ED. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Philadelphia 14, 105–252.
  8. Farlow, James O.; M. K. Brett-Surmann (1999). The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 11. ISBN   0-253-21313-4.