1877 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1877.

Contents

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Anthrapalaemon woodwardi [2]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Robert Etheridge, Junior

Visean

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  UK
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland

Moved to the genus Tealliocaris in 1908 [3]

Newly named insects

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImages

Anthomyia burgessi [4]

Sp nov

nomen dubium

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

An anthomyiid fly.
Considered nomen dubium without discussion by Michelsen (1996). [5]

Anthomyia burgessi
(1890 illustration) Anthomyia burgessi 1890 pl3 Fig34.png
Anthomyia burgessi
(1890 illustration)

Anthomyia inanimata [4]

Sp nov

nomen dubium

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

An anthomyiid fly.
Considered nomen dubium without discussion by Michelsen (1996). [5]

Anthomyia inanimata
(1890 illustration) Anthomyia inanimata 1890 pl3 Fig19.png
Anthomyia inanimata
(1890 illustration)

Aphaenogaster longaeva [4] [6]

Sp nov

nomen dubium

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A myrmicine ant, possibly nomen dubium. [7]

Aphaenogaster longaeva
(1890 illustration) Aphaenogaster longaeva 1890 pl3 Fig28.png
Aphaenogaster longaeva
(1890 illustration)

Boletina sepulta [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A fungus gnat.

Boletina sepulta
(1890 illustration) Boletina sepulta 1890 pl3 Fig9.png
Boletina sepulta
(1890 illustration)

Brachypeza abita [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A mycetophiline fungus gnat.

Brachypeza abita
(1890 illustration) Brachypeza abita 1890 pl3 Fig7.png
Brachypeza abita
(1890 illustration)

Brachypeza procera [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A mycetophiline fungus gnat.

Brachypeza procera
(1890 illustration) Brachypeza procera 1890 pl3 Fig14A.png
Brachypeza procera
(1890 illustration)

Calyptites [4]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

An ant of uncertain placement.

Calyptites antediluvianum
(1890 illustration) Calyptites antediluvianum 1890 pl3 Fig32.png
Calyptites antediluvianum
(1890 illustration)

Formica arcana [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A formicine ant

Formica arcana
(1890 illustration) Formica arcana 1890 pl3 Fig24.png
Formica arcana
(1890 illustration)

Hypoclinea obliterata [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A dolichoderine ant
Moved to Dolichoderus obliteratus (1893) [8]

Dolichoderus obliteratus
(1890 illustration) Dolichoderus obliteratus 1890 pl3 Fig25.png
Dolichoderus obliteratus
(1890 illustration)

Heteromyza senilis [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A heleomyzid fly.

Heteromyza senilis
(1890 illustration) Heteromyza senilis Scudder 1890 pl3 Fig1 - 2.png
Heteromyza senilis
(1890 illustration)

Lachnus petrorum [4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

An aphidomorph of uncertain placement
Moved to Geranchon petrorum (1890) [9]

Geranchon petrorum
(1890 illustration) Geranchon petrorum Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig6.png
Geranchon petrorum
(1890 illustration)

Liometopum pingue [6]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Green River Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado

An ant species, moved to Eoformica pingue in 1930

Eoformica pinguis Eoformica pinguis Carpenter 1930.jpg
Eoformica pinguis

Lithortalis [4]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A picture-winged fly.
Type species L. picta

Lithortalis picta
(1890 illustration) Lithortalis picta 1890 pl3 Fig10.png
Lithortalis picta
(1890 illustration)

Lonchaea senescens [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A lauxaniid fly.
Referred to Lauxaniidae without redescription. [10]

"Lonchaea" senescens
(1890 illustration) Lonchaea senescens 1890 pl3 Fig18.png
"Lonchaea" senescens
(1890 illustration)

Palloptera morticina [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A flutter-wing fly.

Palloptera morticina
(1890 illustration) Palloptera morticina 1890 pl3 Fig15.png
Palloptera morticina
(1890 illustration)

Pimpla decessa [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A pimpline ichneumon parasitic wasp

Pimpla decessa
(1890 illustration) Pimpla decessa 1890 pl3 Fig27.png
Pimpla decessa
(1890 illustration)

Pimpla saxea [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A pimpline ichneumon parasitic wasp

Pimpla saxea
(1890 illustration) Pimpla saxea 1890 pl3 Fig23.png
Pimpla saxea
(1890 illustration)

Pimpla senecta [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A pimpline ichneumon parasitic wasp

Pimpla senecta
(1890 illustration) Pimpla senecta 1890 pl3 Fig30.png
Pimpla senecta
(1890 illustration)

Prometopia depilis [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A sap beetle

Prometopia depilis
(1890 illustration) Prometopia depilis Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig29.png
Prometopia depilis
(1890 illustration)

Sciomyza revelata [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A marsh fly.

Sciomyza revelata
(1890 illustration) Sciomyza revelata Scudder 1890 pl3 Fig3.png
Sciomyza revelata
(1890 illustration)

Trichonta dawsoni [4]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

?Ypresian

Quesnel
?Fraser Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A mycetophiline fungus gnat.

Trichonta dawsoni
(1890 illustration) Trichonta dawsoni 1890 pl3 Fig12.png
Trichonta dawsoni
(1890 illustration)

Fish

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Heliobatis [11]

gen et sp nov.

Valid

Wasatchian

Green River Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  USA

One of two stingrays from the Green River Formation. The type species is H. radians.

Heliobatis radians Heliobatis radians Green River Formation.jpg
Heliobatis radians

Non-dinosaurian reptiles

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotesImages

Dasygnathus

Junior synonym

Huxley

Late Triassic

Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation

Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland

An indeterminate pseudosuchian whose name was preoccupied by MacLeay (1819), later renamed Dasygnathoides by Kuhn (1961). The type species is D. longidens.

Palaeoctonus

Nomen dubium

Cope

Late Triassic

Flag of the United States.svg  US

Dubious genus of misidentified phytosaur.

Suchoprion

Nomen dubium

Cope

Flag of the United States.svg  US

Dubious genus of misidentified phytosaur.

Dinosaurs

Laelaps trihedrodon, Cope criticizes Dryptosaurus

O. W. Lucas collected the first remains of what would later in the year be named Laelaps trihedrodon from Quarry I of the Saurian Hill at Garden Park, Colorado. [12] Edward Drinker Cope would describe the material later in the year in a short paper titled "On a carnivorous dinosaurian from the Dakota beds of Colorado." [13] The "Dakota beds" he references are actually Morrison Formation strata. [12] Cope claims to have a skeleton of unspecified completeness on which to establish the new species, but only describes a partial dentary which has 5 successional teeth, 2 functional teeth, and one tooth missing from its socket. [13] All of the preceding material has since been lost to science with the exception of 5 broken, partial tooth crowns. [14] From the now missing dentary, Cope infers that the creature is a carnivore and compares its dentition to that belonging to other members of his infamous genus "Laelaps", L. aquilunguis and L. incrassatus. [13] Cope concludes the paper with a pointed criticism of his rival O. C. Marsh's attempt to rename Laelaps as the genus Dryptosaurus because the generic name Laelaps has been used in entomology. [15] Cope claims that since the mite genus Laelaps was a synonym that the name was not truly preoccupied and Marsh's erection of Dryptosaurus has therefore created a new, redundant synonym of Laelaps the dinosaur. [15] However, subsequent researchers have supported Marsh's new name.

Apatosaurus

New genera

NameStatusAuthorsAgeLocationNotesImages

Allosaurus

Valid

Marsh

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

An allosaurid theropod. The type species is A. fragilis.

Allosaurus. Allosaurus Revised.jpg
Allosaurus .

Amphicoelias

Nomen dubium

Cope

Late Jurassic

A diplodocoid sauropod. The type species is A. altus.

Amphicoelias true size Amphicoelias17DB2.jpg
Amphicoelias true size

Apatodon

Nomen dubium

Marsh

Possible subjective synonym of Allosaurus . The type species is A. mirus.

Apatosaurus

Valid

Marsh

Late Jurassic

An apatosaurine diplodocid. The type species is A. ajax.

Apatosaurus Apatosaurus louisae by durbed.jpg
Apatosaurus

Atlantosaurus

Nomen dubium

Marsh

Late Jurassic

Flag of the United States.svg  US

A replacement name for Titanosaurus Marsh (1877).

Camarasaurus

Valid

Edward Drinker Cope

Late Jurassic

A camarasaurid. The type species is C. supremus.

Camarasaurus Camarasaurs1.jpg
Camarasaurus

Caulodon

Jr. synonym

Cope

Late Jurassic

Junior subjective synonym of Camarasaurus .

Dryptosaurus

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Replacement name for Laelaps Cope (1866).

Dryptosaurus Dryptosaurus by Durbed.jpg
Dryptosaurus

Dystrophaeus

Valid

Cope

Late Jurassic

A eusauropod of unknown affinities. The type species is D. viaemalae.

Nanosaurus

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic

An ornithischian. The type species is N. agilis.

Stegosaurus

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic

A stegosaur. The type species is S. armatus.

Stegosaurus Stegosaurus armatus by durbed.jpg
Stegosaurus

Tichosteus

Nomen dubium

Cope

Flag of the United States.svg  US

Affinities unknown. The type species is T. lucasanus.

Titanosaurus

Nomen dubium

Lydekker

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

A titanosaur. The type species is T. indicus.

Titanosaurus

Preoccupied.

Marsh

Preoccupied by a genus erected by Richard Lydekker this same year, later renamed Atlantosaurus . The type species is T. montanus.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

NameStatusAuthorsAgeLocationNotesImages

Archaeobelus

Synonym of Clepsydrops

Clepsydrops limbatus Cope

See also

Footnotes

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. Etheridge, R. (1877). "On the Occurrence of a Macrurous Decapod (Anthrapalæmon? Woodwardi, sp. nov.) in the Red Sandstone, or lowest group, of the Carboniferous Formation in the South-east of Scotland". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 33 (1–4): 863–878. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1877.033.01-04.49. ISSN   0370-291X. S2CID   140182850.
  3. Peach, B. N. (1908). Monograph on the higher Crustacea of the Carboniferous rocks of Scotland. Glasgow: Printed for H.M. Stationery off., by J. Hedderwick & sons, ltd.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Scudder, S. H (1877). "Appendix to Mr. George M. Dawson's report. The insects of the Tertiary beds at Quesnel". Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for. 1875–1876: 266–280.
  5. 1 2 Michelsen, V. (1996). "First reliable record of a fossil species of Anthomyiidae (Diptera), with comments on the definition of recent and fossil clades in phylogenetic classification". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 58 (4): 441–451.
  6. 1 2 Carpenter, F. M. (1930). "The fossil ants of North America" (PDF). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 70: 1–66.
  7. Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. (2016). "The ant Aphaenogaster dlusskyana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Sakhalin amber—the earliest described species of an extant genus of Myrmicinae". Paleontological Journal. 50 (9): 936–946. doi:10.1134/S0031030116090136.
  8. Dalla Torre, K. W. (1893). Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann. p. 289.
  9. Scudder, S. H. (1890). "The Tertiary insects of North America". United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Washington: 615.
  10. Evenhuis (1994). Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers. pp. 1–600.
  11. Grande, Lance (1984), "Paleontology of the Green River Formation, with a review of the fish fauna", Bulletin of the Wyoming State Geological Survey, 63 2nd ed., Laramie, WY
  12. 1 2 "Introduction," Chure (2001) page 11.
  13. 1 2 3 Cope (1887) pages 805-806.
  14. "Description of 5780," Chure (2001) page 11.
  15. 1 2 Cope (1887) page 806.
  16. Cannon (1907). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.

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References