1879 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1879.

Contents

Plants

Ferns

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Equisetum similkamense [2]

Sp nov

valid

Dawson

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A scouring rush

Equisetum similkamense Equisetum similkamense Dawson 1890 Fig1 a-c.png
Equisetum similkamense


Arthropods

Insects

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Buprestis saxigena [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Coldwater Beds

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A jewel beetle

Buprestis saxigena
(1890 illustration) Buprestis saxigena Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig24.png
Buprestis saxigena
(1890 illustration)

Buprestis sepulta [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Coldwater Beds

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A jewel beetle

Buprestis sepulta
(1890 illustration) Buprestis sepulta Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig26.png
Buprestis sepulta
(1890 illustration)

Buprestis tertiaria [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Coldwater Beds

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A jewel beetle

Buprestis tertiaria
(1890 illustration) Buprestis tertiaria Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig23.png
Buprestis tertiaria
(1890 illustration)

Cercopis selwyni [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A froghopper

Cercopis selwyni
(1890 illustration) Cercopis selwyni Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig14.png
Cercopis selwyni
(1890 illustration)

Cercyon? terrigena [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Coldwater Beds

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A water scavenger beetle

Cercyon? terrigena
(1890 illustration) Cercyon terrigena Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig21.png
Cercyon? terrigena
(1890 illustration)

Coelidia columbiana [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A leafhopper

Coelidia columbiana
(1890 illustration) Coelidia columbiana Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig13.png
Coelidia columbiana
(1890 illustration)

Hygrotrechus stali [3]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A gerrine water strider
moved to Telmatrechus stali (1890)
moved to "Gerris" stali (1910) [4]
returned to Telmatrechus stali (1998) [5]

Telmatrechus stali
(1890 illustration) Telmatrechus stali Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig12.png
Telmatrechus stali
(1890 illustration)

Nebria paleomelas [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Coldwater Beds

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A ground beetle

Nebria paleomelas
(1890 illustration) Nebria paleomelas Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig20.png
Nebria paleomelas
(1890 illustration)

Penthetria similkameena [3]

Sp nov

Jr synonym

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A plecian marchfly
moved to Plecia similkameena (1885) [6]

Plecia similkameena Plecia similkameena lectotype Rice 1959 pl2 fig5.png
Plecia similkameena

Planophlebia gigantea [3]

Gen et sp nov

Jr synonym

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A hemipteran [3] of uncertain placement [7]

Planophlebia gigantea
(1890 illustration) Planophlebia gigantea Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig16.png
Planophlebia gigantea
(1890 illustration)

Tenebrio primigenius [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A darkling beetle

Tenebrio primigenius
(1890 illustration) Tenebrio primigenius Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig32.png
Tenebrio primigenius
(1890 illustration)

Trox oustaleti [3]

Sp nov

valid

Scudder

Ypresian

Allenby Formation

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of British Columbia.svg  British Columbia

A hide beetle

Trox oustaleti
(1890 illustration) Trox oustaleti Scudder 1890 pl2 Fig22.png
Trox oustaleti
(1890 illustration)

Ichthyosauromorpha

Ichthyosaurs

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Sauranodon

Gen nov

Junior homonym

Marsh

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Sundance Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Flag of Wyoming.svg  Wyoming

Preoccupied by Sauranodon Jourdan, 1862;
renamed Baptanodon Marsh, 1880.

Baptanodon natans Gilmore Notes on Osteology of Baptanodon Plate XXXVI.png
Baptanodon natans

Archosauromorphs

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs


NameStatusAuthorsAgeUnitLocationNotes

Anoplosaurus [8]

Valid

Harry Govier Seeley

middle Cretaceous (late Albian-early Cenomanian)

Cambridge Greensand

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

A nodosaurid ankylosaur, a member of Struthiosaurinae. The type species is A. curtonotus.

Brontosaurus

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Morrison Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US

An apatosaurine diplodocid.

Camptonotus [9]

Preoccupied.

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Morrison Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US

Preoccupied by Uhler, 1864. Later renamed Camptosaurus.

Coelurus [9]

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Morrison Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US

A basal coelurosaur. The type species is Coelurus fragilis.

Eucercosaurus [8]

Nomen dubium

Harry Govier Seeley

middle Cretaceous (late Albian-early Cenomanian)

Cambridge Greensand

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

An dubious ornithopod.

Labrosaurus [10]

Valid

Othniel Charles Marsh

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Morrison Formation

Flag of the United States.svg  US

Junior subjective synonym of Allosaurus . The type species is Allosaurus lucaris Marsh, 1878.

Syngonosaurus [8]

Nomen dubium

Harry Govier Seeley

middle Cretaceous (late Albian-early Cenomanian)

Cambridge Greensand

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

A dubious ornithopod. The type species is S. macrocercus.

Vectisaurus [11]

Nomen dubium

Hulke

early Cretaceous (Barremian)

Wessex Formation

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

A dubious iguanodont. The type species is Vectisaurus valdensis.

Synapsids

"Pelycosaurians"

NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityLocationNotesImages

Macromerion

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Fritsch

Late Carboniferous

Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic

A new genus for "Labyrinthodon" schwartzenbergii 1875.

See also

Related Research Articles

Othniel Charles Marsh

Othniel Charles Marsh was an American professor of Paleontology in Yale College and President of the National Academy of Sciences. He was one of the preeminent scientists in the field of paleontology. Among his legacies are the discovery or description of dozens of new species and theories on the origins of birds.

Como Bluff United States historic place

Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east-west, located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The ridge is an anticline, formed as a result of compressional geological folding. Three geological formations, the Sundance, the Morrison, and the Cloverly Formations, containing fossil remains from the Late Jurassic of the Mesozoic Era are exposed. Nineteenth century paleontologists discovered many well-preserved specimens of dinosaurs, as well as mammals, turtles, crocodilians, and fish from the Morrison Formation. Because of this, Como Bluff is considered to be one of the major sites for the early discovery of dinosaur remains. Among the species discovered is the only known specimen of Coelurus. Significant discoveries were made in 22 different areas scattered along the entire length of the ridge. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places as well as the National Natural Landmark list.

Samuel Hubbard Scudder American entomologist and palaeontologist (1837-1911)

Samuel Hubbard Scudder was an American entomologist and paleontologist. He was a leading figure in entomology during his lifetime and the founder of insect paleontology in America. In addition to fossil insects, he was an authority on butterflies (Lepidoptera) and grasshoppers (Orthoptera).

Coelurus is a genus of coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period. The name means "hollow tail", referring to its hollow tail vertebrae. Although its name is linked to one of the main divisions of theropods (Coelurosauria), it has historically been poorly understood, and sometimes confused with its better-known contemporary Ornitholestes. Like many dinosaurs studied in the early years of paleontology, it has had a confusing taxonomic history, with several species being named and later transferred to other genera or abandoned. Only one species is currently recognized as valid: the type species, C. fragilis, described by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1879. It is known from one partial skeleton found in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, United States. It was a small bipedal carnivore with elongate legs.

Allosauridae Extinct family of theropod dinosaurs

Allosauridae is a family of medium to large bipedal, carnivorous allosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic. Allosauridae is a fairly old taxonomic group, having been first named by the American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878. Allosaurids are characterized by an astragalus with a restriction of the ascending process to the lateral part of the bone, a larger medial than lateral condyle, and a horizontal groove across the face of the condyles.

<i>Stokesosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Stokesosaurus is a genus of small, carnivorous early tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the late Jurassic period of Utah, United States.

Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park covers 23 ha of the Bulkley River Valley, on the east side of Driftwood Creek, a tributary of the Bulkley River, 10 km northeast of the town of Smithers. The park is accessible from Driftwood Road from Provincial Highway 16. It was created in 1967 by the donation of the land by the late Gordon Harvey (1913–1976) to protect fossil beds on the east side of Driftwood Creek. The beds were discovered around the beginning of the 20th century. The park lands are part of the asserted traditional territory of the Wet'suwet'en First Nation.

<i>Marshosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Marshosaurus is a genus of medium-sized carnivorous theropod dinosaur, belonging to the Megalosauroidea, from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah and possibly Colorado.

Benjamin Franklin Mudge

Benjamin Franklin Mudge was an American lawyer, geologist and teacher. Briefly the mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts, he later moved to Kansas where he was appointed the first State Geologist. He led the first geological survey of the state in 1864, and published the first book on the geology of Kansas. He lectured extensively, and was department chair at the Kansas State Agricultural College.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1999.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1959.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1910.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1878.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1890.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1877.

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1895.

Paleontology in Wyoming

Paleontology in Wyoming includes research into the prehistoric life of the U.S. state of Wyoming as well as investigations conducted by Wyomingite researchers and institutions into ancient life occurring elsewhere. The fossil record of the US state of Wyoming spans from the Precambrian to recent deposits. Many fossil sites are spread throughout the state. Wyoming is such a spectacular source of fossils that author Marian Murray noted in 1974 that "[e]ven today, it is the expected thing that any great museum will send its representatives to Wyoming as often as possible." Murray has also written that nearly every major vertebrate paleontologist in United States history has collected fossils in Wyoming. Wyoming is a major source of dinosaur fossils. Wyoming's dinosaur fossils are curated by museums located all over the planet.

Allenby Formation

The Allenby formation is a sedimentary rock formation deposited during the early to early Middle Eocene. It consists of conglomerates, sandstones with interbedded with shales and coal. The coal seams contain an abundance of insect, fish and plant fossils, known from the shales since 1877 but best known from the Princeton Chert.

Coldwater Beds

The Coldwater Beds are a geologic formation of the Okanagan Highlands in British Columbia, Canada. They preserve fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period, or Wasatchian in the NALMA classification.

<i>Aphaenogaster longaeva</i> Extinct species of ant

Aphaenogaster longaeva is an extinct species of ant in formicid subfamily Myrmicinae known from a solitary Eocene or Oligocene fossil found in North America. A. longaeva was one of five insect species described by the paleoentomologist Samuel Hubbard Scudder in an 1877 paper.

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN   9780070887398. OCLC   46769716.
  2. Dawson, J. W. (1879). "Appendix B. List of tertiary plants in the southern part of British Columbia, with the description of a new species of Equisetum". Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for. 1877–1878. Montreal, Quebec: Dawson Brothers. p. 187.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Scudder, S. H (1879). "Appendix A. The fossil insects collected in 1877, by Mr. G.M. Dawson, in the interior of British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for. 1877–1878: 175–185.
  4. Handlirsch, A. (1910). "Canadian fossil Insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the southern interior of British Columbia, collected by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe". Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. 2 (3): 93–129.
  5. Andersen, N.M. (1998). "Water striders from the Paleogene of Denmark and review of fossil record and evolution of semi aquatic bugs (Hemiptera Gerromorpha)". Biologiske Skrifter. 50: 1–157.
  6. Scudder, S. H. (1890). "The Tertiary insects of North America". United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Washington: 615.
  7. Szwedo, J.; Lefebvre, F. (2004). Fossil planthoppers of the world (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Warszawa: Studio, 1. pp. 48–49. ISBN   83-912236-8-X.
  8. 1 2 3 Seeley, H. G., 1879, On the Dinosauria of the Cambridge Greensand: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 35, p. 591-636.
  9. 1 2 Marsh, O. C., 1879. Notice of New Jurassic Reptiles: American Journal of Science, 3rd series, v. 18, p. 501-505.
  10. Marsh, O. C., 1879. Principal Characters of American Jurassic Dinosaurs. Part II: American Journal of Science, 3rd series, v. 17, p. 86-92.
  11. Hulke, J. W., 1879, Vectisaurus valdensis, a new Wealden Dinosaur: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 35, p. 421-424.