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Cercopidae | |
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Cercopis vulnerata | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hemiptera |
Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
Superfamily: | Cercopoidea |
Family: | Cercopidae Leach, 1815 [1] |
Subfamilies | |
(But see text) |
Cercopidae are the largest family of Cercopoidea, a xylem-feeding insect group, commonly called froghoppers or spittlebugs. [2] They belong to the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha. A 2023 phylogenetic study of the family suggested the elevation of subfamily Ischnorhininae to full family status as Ischnorhinidae, leaving a monophyletic Cercopinae. [3]
Based on a 2023 molecular phylogenetic analysis, the Cercopidae senso stricto was divided into two monophyletic subfamilies, Cercopinae and Cosmoscartinae, each with a number of tribes. [3]
Tribe Bandusiini
Tribe Callitetixini
Tribe Cercopini
Tribe Haematoscartini
Tribe Hemiaufidini
Tribe Locrisini
Tribe Rhinaulacini
Tribe incertae sedis
Tribe Considiini
Tribe Cosmoscartini
Tribe Phymatostethini
Tribe Suracartini
Tribe Trichoscartini
Tribe incertae sedis
Crispolon Jr et al. (2023) considered certain described genera as invalid without discussion and did not include them in the family as prescribed by their phylogeny. [3]
Crispolon Jr. et al.s 2023 molocular phylogenetic analysis recommended removing the following genera from Cercopidae and transferring them to Aphrophoridae: [3]
Additionally they recommended the elevation of the subfamily Ischnorhininae, endemic to the Americas, to full family status as Ischnorhinidae. This was based on the closer phylogenetic ties to Machaerotidae then to subfamily Cercopinae found exclusively in Europe, Africa, and Asia, Australasia: [3]
Tribe Ischnorhinini
Tribe Neaenini
Tribe Tomaspini
Ricaniidae is a family of planthopper insects, containing over 400 species worldwide. The highest diversity is in tropical Africa and Asia and in Australia, with a few species occurring in the Palearctic and Neotropical realms. It is one of the smaller families in the planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea.
The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics. They belong to the Fulgoridae (fulgorids), though they are not among the better-known members of that family that are called "lantern bugs" or "lanternflies". In 2009, the first molecular analysis of the Fulgoridae challenged the existing structure of eight currently recognized subfamilies and eleven tribes.
Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.
Issidae is a family of planthoppers described by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha superfamily Fulgoroidea.
Caliscelidae is a family of planthoppers, sap-sucking insects that belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha and superfamily Fulgoroidea. They are somewhat anomalous and have often been included within the family Issidae. Studies made in 2013 of the phylogeny of the Issidae and other groups using molecular techniques support the treatment of the group as a separate family. Sexual dimorphism can be marked. Some members of the family are called piglet bugs due to the shape of their snout. A particularly aberrant genus described in 2011 from India, Formiscurra, has males that resemble ants.
Lophopidae is a family of fulgoroid plant-hoppers with most species found in tropical South America and Asia.
Leptataspis is a genus of froghoppers belonging to the family Cercopidae.
Achilidae is a family of planthoppers, sometimes called "achilids" in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 520 described species in Achilidae.
Dictyopharinae is a subfamily of dictyopharid planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae. There more than 100 genera and 500 described species in Dictyopharinae.
Poeciloterpa is a genus of froghoppers in the family Cercopidae. Endemic to the Philippines, there are about 13 described species in Poeciloterpa.
The Hemisphaeriinae are a subfamily of bugs in the family Issidae, based on the type genus Hemisphaerius. Species in 119 genera have been recorded in most continents, but the greatest diversity appears to be in South-East Asia.
The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
Tropiduchus is a genus of planthoppers, recorded from Africa and Malesia.
The Plectoderini are a large tribe of planthoppers in the family Achilidae, erected by Ronald Gordon Fennah in 1950. Genera have a world-wide distribution, but are hardly represented in Europe or northern Asia.
Eoscarta is a genus of froghopper (Cercopidae) with about 50 species distributed in the Oriental region. Species in the genus are identified by a combination of characters that include an elongated pubescent body, highly laterally compressed postclypeus, the hind tibia with a single lateral spur and genital characters of the males.