Miridae

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Miridae
Eichen-Schmuckwanze Rhabdomiris striatellus 2.jpg
Rhabdomiris striatellus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Superfamily: Miroidea
Family: Miridae
Hahn, 1831
Type species
Cimex striatus L.
Subfamilies
  1. Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860
  2. Cylapinae Kirkaldy, 1903
  3. Deraeocorinae Douglas & Scott, 1865
  4. Isometopinae Fieber, 1860
  5. Mirinae Hahn, 1833
  6. Orthotylinae Van Duzee, 1916
  7. Phylinae Douglas & Scott, 1865
  8. Psallopinae Schuh, 1976
Synonyms

Capsidae Burmeister, 1835

The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym Capsidae. [1] Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is the largest family of true bugs belonging to the suborder Heteroptera; it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly. Most widely known mirids are species that are notorious agricultural pests that pierce plant tissues, feed on the sap, and sometimes transmit viral plant diseases. Some species however, are predatory.

Contents

Description

A typical mirid species, showing cuneus at the tip of the corium Green Plant Bug (15365110324).jpg
A typical mirid species, showing cuneus at the tip of the corium
Wing of a species of Miridae, showing cuneus Heter-hemielytron.gif
Wing of a species of Miridae, showing cuneus

Miridae are small, terrestrial insects, usually oval-shaped or elongate and measuring less than 12 millimetres (0.5 in) in length. Many of them have a hunched look, because of the shape of the prothorax, which carries the head bent down. Some are brightly coloured and attractively patterned, others drab or dark, most being inconspicuous. Some genera are ant mimics at certain stages of life. Miridae do not have any ocelli. Their rostrum has four segments. One useful feature in identifying members of the family is the presence of a cuneus; it is the triangular tip of the corium, the firm, sclerotized part of the forewing, the hemelytron. The cuneus is visible in nearly all Miridae, and only in a few other Hemiptera, notably the family Anthocoridae, which are not much like the Miridae in other ways. The tarsi almost always have three segments. [2]

Some mirid species

Creontiades dilutus CSIRO ScienceImage 1820 A green mirid Creontiades dilutus.jpg
Creontiades dilutus

Systematics

This family includes a large number of species, many of which are still unknown, distributed in more than 1,300 genera. The taxonomic tree includes the following subfamilies and numerous tribes:

Globiceps sp. - oviposition (Orthotylini)

Psallopinae

Auth.: Schuh, 1976

  1. Isometopsallops Herczek & Popov, 1992
  2. Psallops Usinger, 1946
  3. † Cylapopsallops Popov & Herczek, 2006
  4. † Epigonopsallops Herczek & Popov, 2009

Genera Incertae sedis

BioLib includes:

  1. Amulacoris Carvalho & China, 1959
  2. Anniessa Kirkaldy, 1903
  3. Auchus Distant, 1893
  4. Bahiarmiris Carvalho, 1977
  5. Brasiliocarnus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1995
  6. Carmelinus Carvalho & Gomes, 1972
  7. Carmelus Drake & Harris, 1932
  8. Chaetophylidea Knight, 1968
  9. Charitides Kerzhner, 1962
  10. Colimacoris Schaffner & Carvalho, 1985
  11. Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968
  12. Dimorphocoris Reuter, 1890
  13. Duckecylapus Carvalho, 1982
  14. Englemania Carvalho, 1985
  15. Eurycipitia Reuter, 1905
  16. Faliscomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
  17. Fuscus Distant, 1884
  18. Guerrerocoris Carvalho & China, 1959
  19. Gunhadya - monotypic Gunhadya rubrofasciata Distant, 1920
  20. Heterocoris Guérin-Ménéville in Sagra, 1857
  21. Knightocoris Carvalho & China, 1951
  22. Leonomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
  23. Macrotyloides Van Duzee, 1916
  24. Merinocapsus Knight, 1968
  25. Mircarvalhoia Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
  26. Montagneria Akingbohungbe, 1978
  27. Muirmiris Carvalho, 1983
  28. Myochroocoris Reuter, 1909
  29. Nesosylphas Kirkaldy, 1908
  30. Notolobus Reuter, 1908
  31. Nymannus Distant, 1904
  32. Paracoriscus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
  33. Paraguayna Carvalho, 1986
  34. Prodomopsis TBD
  35. Prodomus TBD
  36. Pseudobryocoris Distant, 1884
  37. Pygophorisca Carvalho & Wallerstein, 1978
  38. Rayeria TBD
  39. Rewafulvia Carvalho, 1972
  40. Rhynacloa Reuter
  41. Rondonisca Carvalho & Costa, 1994
  42. Rondonoides Carvalho & Costa, 1994
  43. Rondonotylus Carvalho & Costa, 1994
  44. Spanogonicus Berg
  45. Sthenaridia TBD
  46. Zoilus Distant, 1884

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cimicomorpha</span> Order of true bugs

The Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. The rostrum and other morphology of all members apparently is adapted to feeding on animals as their prey or hosts. Members include bed bugs, bat bugs, assassin bugs, and pirate bugs.

<i>Stenotus</i> (bug) Genus of true bugs

Stenotus is a genus of plant bugs, containing the following species:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phylinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

Phylinae is a subfamily of the plant bug family Miridae. Species of this family are found worldwide.

<i>Tytthus</i> Genus of true bugs


Tytthus is a genus of insects in family Miridae, the plant bugs. They are carnivorous, feeding upon the eggs of various planthoppers in the family Delphacidae, and thus are important in the biological control of pests. The genus is distributed throughout the Holarctic of the Northern Hemisphere, but species are also found in the tropics, in China, South America, Australia, and the Indo-Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bryocorinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

Bryocorinae is a subfamily of bugs in the family Miridae.

Dicyphus hesperus is a species of true bug in the family Miridae. It is a generalist predator of other insects and also feeds on plant tissues. It is native to North America and has been used there in biological control of agricultural pests, especially whitefly on tomatoes.

<i>Lygus gemellatus</i> Species of true bug

Lygus gemellatus is a species of plant-feeding insects in the family Miridae.

<i>Hyaliodes</i> Genus of true bugs

Hyaliodes is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in Hyaliodes.

Oncerometopus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 12 described species in Oncerometopus.

Paraproba is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 20 described species in Paraproba.

<i>Microtechnites</i> Genus of true bugs

Microtechnites is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about six described species in Microtechnites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halticini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Halticini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eccritotarsini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Eccritotarsini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 14 genera and at least 40 described species in Eccritotarsini.

<i>Engytatus</i> Genus of true bugs

Engytatus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 20 described species in Engytatus.

<i>Blepharidopterus</i> Genus of true bugs

Blepharidopterus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about nine described species in Blepharidopterus.

<i>Hesperolabops</i> Genus of true bugs

Hesperolabops is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about nine described species in Hesperolabops.

<i>Pycnoderes</i> Genus of true bugs

Pycnoderes is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 50 described species in Pycnoderes.

<i>Dicyphus</i> Genus of true bugs

Dicyphus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 70 described species in Dicyphus.

<i>Creontiades</i> Genus of true bugs

Creontiades is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 50 described species in Creontiades.

<i>Monalocoris</i> Genus of true bugs

Monalocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 19 described species in Monalocoris.

References

  1. ↑ Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1988A. Family Miridae Hahn, 1833 (= Capsidae Burmeister, 1835). The plant bugs, pp. 251--507. In: Henry, T. J. and R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
  2. ↑ Richards, O. W.; Davies, R.G. (1977). Imms' General Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology. Berlin: Springer. ISBN   0-412-61390-5.
  3. ↑ McGregor, Robert R.; Gillespie, David R.; Quiring, Donald M.J.; Foisy, Mitch R.J. (1999). "Potential Use of Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) for Biological Control of Pests of Greenhouse Tomatoes". Biological Control. 16 (1): 104–110. doi:10.1006/bcon.1999.0743.
  4. ↑ Junggon, Kim; Hong, Ki Min; Woon, Kee Paek; Sunghoon, Jung (2017). "Two new records of the subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Korean Peninsula". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 10 (3): 396–398. doi: 10.1016/j.japb.2017.05.001 .

Further reading

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