Lyctocoridae

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Lyctocoridae
2017 05 11 Lyctocoris dimidiatus.jpg
Lyctocoris dimidiatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Superfamily: Cimicoidea
Family: Lyctocoridae
Reuter, 1884

Lyctocoridae is a reconstituted family of bugs, formerly classified within the minute pirate bugs of the family Anthocoridae. [1] It is widely distributed, with one species ( Lyctocoris campestris ), being cosmopolitan. [2] [3]

Contents

Description

Lyctocoridae range in length from 2 mm to 6 mm. They have tarsi 3-segmented, forewing with a costal fracture and with weakly developed veins in the membrane, laterotergites on all abdominal terga, and male genitalia strongly asymmetrical (left paramere larger than the right). [2]

Overall they resemble the related family Anthocoridae, but can be distinguished by:

Diet

Lyctocoridae are mostly predators of small, soft-bodied arthropods, though L. campestris occasionally feeds on mammal (including human) blood [2] [3] and L. ichikawai is only known to feed on sap of sawtooth oak ( Quercus acutissima ). [5] Adults and nymphs have similar diets. [4]

Habitat

This family of bugs occurs under tree bark and in decaying plant matter, animal nests and burrows, manure piles, poultry houses, granaries and stored food products. [2] [3]

Reproduction

Lyctocoridae practice traumatic insemination in which the male pierces the female (using the acus of his phallus) between terga 7 and 8 on the right side of her abdomen. The male's sperm migrate through the haemocoel or through specialized structures in the female to the ovaries, then fertilise the eggs within the vitellarium. [3]

Biological control

Some species of Lyctocoridae are biological control agents that feed on pest insects. Lyctocoris attack beetle and moth pests in stored food products, and also attack bark beetle pests. [3]

Systematics

Recent phylogenetic work supports the treatment of Lyctocoridae as a family separate from Anthocoridae, [1] but more recent molecular phylogenies indicate that many lineages considered at one point to be constituents are still better placed in Anthocoridae (e.g, Dufouriellini; [6] ), leaving only a few genera in Lyctocoridae.

Genera

BioLib lists a single subfamily Lyctocorinae Reuter, 1884:

  1. Lyctocoris Hahn, 1836 (in monotypic tribe Lyctocorini Reuter, 1884)
  2. Astemmocoris Carayon & Usinger, 1965

Placed in Anthocoridae

The following are placed in the Anthocorinae tribes Anthocorini, Dufouriellini, and Scolopini:

References

  1. 1 2 Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane; Wheeler, Ward C. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis". Systematic Entomology. 34 (1): 15–48. Bibcode:2009SysEn..34...15S. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.498.8756 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00436.x. ISSN   1365-3113. S2CID   85422423.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Schuh, R. T.; Slater, J. A. (1995). True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) : classification and natural history. New York, USA: Cornell University Press. ISBN   0-8014-2066-0. OCLC   31132787.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Horton, D. R. (2008). "Minute Pirate Bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)". In Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology (J. L. ed.). Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 2402–2412. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4633. ISBN   978-1-4020-6242-1.
  4. 1 2 3 Carpintero, Diego L. (2015), Panizzi, Antônio R.; Grazia, Jocélia (eds.), "Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae and Lyctocoridae)" , True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics, Entomology in Focus, vol. 2, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 217–236, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9861-7_9, ISBN   978-94-017-9860-0 , retrieved 2022-09-09
  5. ↑ Yamada, Kazutaka; Yasunaga, Tomohide; Ichikawa, Toshihide (2012-10-24). "A new species of Lyctocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicoidea) feeding on the exuded sap of Sawtooth Oak, Quercus acutissima, in Japan" . Zootaxa. 3525 (1): 65. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3525.1.5. ISSN   1175-5334.
  6. ↑ Zhang D, Xu L, Wang S, Liang J, Li M, Zhang H. The first complete mitochondrial genome of Dufouriellini (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and implications for its phylogenetic position. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2022 Sep;111(1):e21885. doi: 10.1002/arch.21885. Epub 2022 Mar 20. PMID: 35312097.

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