Hemiptera is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from 1 mm (0.04 in) to around 15 cm (6 in), and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera.
Psyllidae, the jumping plant lice or psyllids, are a family of small plant-feeding insects that tend to be very host-specific, i.e. each plant-louse species only feeds on one plant species (monophagous) or feeds on a few closely related plants (oligophagous). Together with aphids, phylloxerans, scale insects and whiteflies, they form the group called Sternorrhyncha, which is considered to be the most "primitive" group within the true bugs (Hemiptera). They have traditionally been considered a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the group into a total of seven families; the present restricted definition still includes more than 70 genera in the Psyllidae. Psyllid fossils have been found from the Early Permian before the flowering plants evolved. The explosive diversification of the flowering plants in the Cretaceous was paralleled by a massive diversification of associated insects, and many of the morphological and metabolic characters that the flowering plants exhibit may have evolved as defenses against herbivorous insects.
Citrus greening disease is a disease of citrus caused by a vector-transmitted pathogen. The causative agents are motile bacteria, Liberibacter spp. The disease is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, and the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae. It has no known cure. It is graft-transmissible.
Bactericera cockerelli, also known as the potato psyllid, is a species of psyllid native to southern North America. Its range extends from Central America north to the American Pacific Northwest and parts of Manitoba, in Canada. It is restricted to the western part of the continent. As its name suggests, it is commonly found on potato and tomato crops, but has a species range that encompasses over 40 species of solanaceous plants and as many as 20 genera. Breeding hosts are generally recognised as being restricted primarily to Solanaceae, including important crop and common weed species, and a few species of Convolvulaceae, including bindweed and sweet potato. On some plants, especially potato, feeding of the nymphs causes a condition called psyllid yellows, presumed to be the result of a toxin. Both nymphs and adults can transmit the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter.
Triozidae is one of seven families collectively referred to as plant lice. They have traditionally been considered part of a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the group into a total of seven families; most of the genera remain in the Psyllidae, but Triozidae is the third-largest family in the group, containing 27 genera, and a number of pest species.
Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a sap-sucking, hemipteran bug now in the taxonomic family Liviidae. It is one of two confirmed vectors of citrus greening disease. It has a wide distribution in southern Asia and has spread to other citrus growing regions.
Trioza erytreae, the African citrus psyllid, is a sap-sucking insect, a hemipteran bug in the family Triozidae. It is an important pest of citrus, being one of only two known vectors of the serious citrus disease, huanglongbing or citrus greening disease. It is widely distributed in Africa. The other vector is the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri.
Liberibacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Rhizobiaceae family. Detection of the liberibacteria is based on PCR amplification of their 16S rRNA gene with specific primers. Members of the genus are plant pathogens mostly transmitted by psyllids. The genus was originally spelled Liberobacter.
Diaphorina is an Old World genus of sap-sucking bugs, typical of the subfamily Diaphorininae. It includes an important pest of citrus: the Asian citrus psyllid, D. citri.
Carsidaridae is a bug family in the superfamily Psylloidea, with a world-wide distribution; the type genus Carsidara is from eastern Asia.
Homotomidae was a family of small phloem-feeding bugs in the superfamily of jumping plantlice, but recently (2021) subsumed to the subfamily Homotominae Heslop-Harrison, 1958 in the family Carsidaridae.
Phacopteronidae is a family of bugs in the superfamily Psylloidea.
Pachypsyllinae is a plant louse subfamily, now placed in the family Carsidaridae.
Aphalarini is a tribe of jumping plant lice (psyllid) in the subfamily Aphalarinae, first described by Franz Löw in 1879.
Tamarixia radiata, the Asian citrus psyllid parasitoid, is a parasitoid wasp from the family Eulophidae which was discovered in the 1920s in the area of northwestern India (Punjab), now Pakistan. It is a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, an economically important pest of citrus crops around the world and a vector for Citrus greening disease.
Calinda muiscas is a species of jumping plant lice of the genus Calinda in the family of Triozidae. The species was first described in 1997 by Olivares and Burckhardt.
Psyllopsis is a genus of plant lice, now placed in the subfamily Euphyllurinae.
Psyllinae is a subfamily of plant-parasitic hemipterans in the family Psyllidae. It includes minor pest species such as: the apple psylla, Cacopsylla mali and Cacopsylla pyri, commonly known as the pear psylla.
Liviidae is a family of plant lice, with about 19 genera.
Carsidara is a genus of plant lice typical of the family Carsidaridae and subfamily Carsidarinae; it was originally erected by Francis Walker in 1869. Records include Africa and East Asia.
