| Liviidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Diclidophlebia sterculiae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Superfamily: | Psylloidea |
| Family: | Liviidae Loew, 1879 |
Liviidae is a family of plant lice (order Hemiptera), with about 19 genera. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
There have been various classifications of Psylloidea including that of Burckhardt and Ouvrard (2012); [6] in the latest (2021) review, [1] three monophyletic subfamilies were identified:
Authority: Burckhardt D, Ouvrard D, Percy DM (2021) [1]
Authority: Löw, 1879; synonyms: Paurocephalini Vondráček, 1963, Diclidophlebiini Bekker-Migdisova, 1973, Camarotosceninae Li, 2011, Liviini Löw, 1879 [6] : 168 , Sinuonemopsyllinae Li, 2011
Note: in the same review, a number of genera were transferred to Psyllidae, including the subfamilies Ciriacreminae (3 genera), Diaphorininae (2 genera), Katacephalinae subfam. nov. (4 genera) and the genus Cornopsylla to the Psyllinae.
Psyllidae, the jumping plant lice or psyllids, are a family of small plant-feeding insects that tend to be very host-specific, i.e. each plant-louse species only feeds on one plant species (monophagous) or feeds on a few closely related plants (oligophagous). Together with aphids, phylloxerans, scale insects and whiteflies, they form the group called Sternorrhyncha, which is considered to be the most "primitive" group within the true bugs (Hemiptera). They have traditionally been considered a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the group into a total of seven families; the present restricted definition still includes more than 70 genera in the Psyllidae. Psyllid fossils have been found from the Early Permian before the flowering plants evolved. The explosive diversification of the flowering plants in the Cretaceous was paralleled by a massive diversification of associated insects, and many of the morphological and metabolic characters that the flowering plants exhibit may have evolved as defenses against herbivorous insects.
The Peloridiidae or moss bugs are a family of true bugs, comprising eighteen genera and thirty-four species. They are small, ranging in length from 2 to 4 mm, rarely seen, peculiarly lumpy, flattened bugs found in Patagonia, New Zealand, eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and New Caledonia. Peloridiids are found amongst mosses and liverworts, commonly in association with southern beech forests. They have become known as moss bugs for their habit of feeding on mosses. Almost all Peloridiidae species are flightless, except one. Their present distribution suggests they have existed since before the breakup of Gondwana. They are the only living members of the suborder Coleorrhyncha, which first appeared in the Upper Permian, over 250 million years ago.
Psylloidea is a superfamily of true bugs, including the jumping plant lice and others which have recently been classified as distinct families. Though the group first appeared during the Early Jurassic, modern members of the group do not appear until the Eocene, and Mesozoic members of the order are usually assigned to the possibly paraphyletic family Liadopsyllidae.
Eurotica is a genus of jumping plant lice in the subfamily Aphalarinae and tribe Xenaphalarini, erected by Loginova in 1962.
Diaphorina is an Old World genus of sap-sucking bugs, typical of the subfamily Diaphorininae. It includes an important pest of citrus: the Asian citrus psyllid, D. citri.
Cacopsylla is a genus of bugs known as jumping plant lice. It includes most of the subfamily Psyllinae harmful to fruit trees; for example, insects referred to by the common name "pear psyllids", can only develop on plants of the genus Pyrus.
Aphalaridae is a bug family in the superfamily Psylloidea.
Homotomidae is a family of small phloem-feeding bugs in the superfamily Psylloidea, or jumping plantlice.
Calophya is the type genus of the psyllid bug family Calophyidae.
Rhinocolinae is a subfamily of insects in the family Aphalaridae.
Aphalara is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllid) in the family Aphalaridae.
Aphalarini is a tribe of jumping plant lice (psyllid) in the subfamily Aphalarinae, first described by Franz Löw in 1879.
Lepidopsocidae are an insect family of bark lice belonging to the suborder Trogiomorpha. Colloquially, Lepidopsocidae are referred to as the Scaly-winged Barklice. There are more than 220 species described worldwide. Phylogenetic DNA analysis of relationships between families in Trogiomorpha propose that Lepidopsocidae is monophyletic, meaning that the taxa within all share a common ancestor. This is supported morphologically by the presence of scales and setae covering the body and forewings of Lepodopsocids. Sister families of Lepidoposcidae include Trogiidae and Psoquillidae.
John Stuart Noyes is a Welsh entomologist.
Psyllopsis is a genus of plant lice, now placed in the subfamily Euphyllurinae.
Macrohomotoma is a genus of plant-parasitic hemipterans in the family Homotomidae. There are about 15 described species in Macrohomotoma.
Psyllinae is a subfamily of plant-parasitic hemipterans in the family Psyllidae. It includes minor pest species such as: the apple psylla, Cacopsylla mali and Cacopsylla pyri, commonly known as the pear psylla.
Trogiidae is a family of granary booklice in the order Psocodea. There are about 11 genera and more than 50 described species in Trogiidae.
Heteropsylla is a genus of plant-parasitic hemipterans in the family Psyllidae. There are more than 40 described species in Heteropsylla.
Liadopsyllidae is an extinct family of hemipteran insects belonging to Psylloidea ranging from the Early Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous. The family was named by Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov in 1926. They are the earliest known members of Psylloidea, with modern members of the group not known until the Paleogene, as such, they have been suggested to be a paraphyletic assemblage ancestral to modern psylloids. The family Malmopsyllidae has been subsumed into this family, but is considered distinct by some authors.
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