| Psylla alni | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adult Psylla alni on alder | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Psyllidae |
| Genus: | Psylla |
| Species: | P. alni |
| Binomial name | |
| Psylla alni (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Psylla alni is a species of psyllid, a plant-feeding hemipteran in the family Psyllidae.
This species is present in the Palearctic realm (from Europe to Siberia and Sakhalin, Kazakhstan, Caucasus) and in the Nearctic realm (Canada and United States of America). [3] [1]
Psylla alni can reach a body length of about 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in). These rather large psyllids have a green head, body, and legs, and rather long antennae. The costal marginal veins of the wings are green, while the other veins are brown. Adults are initially green, later becoming orange, brown, or reddish. The nymphs are usually covered by white waxy secretions. [4] In the 5th preimaginal stage nymphs can reach a length of about 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in).
Adults can be found from June to October. This species has one generation a year (univoltine) and overwinters as an egg.
It is monophagous on most Betulaceae ( Alnus glutinosa , Alnus hirsuta , Alnus incana , Alnus japonica , Alnus viridis ). Larvae feed on young shoots in the leaf axils. [4] [5]
Alnus glutinosa, the common alder, black alder, European alder, European black alder, or just alder, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to most of Europe, southwest Asia and northern Africa. It thrives in wet locations where its association with the bacterium Frankia alni enables it to grow in poor quality soils. It is a medium-sized, short-lived tree growing to a height of up to 30 metres (98 feet). It has short-stalked rounded leaves and separate male and female flowers in the form of catkins. The small, rounded fruits are cone-like and the seeds are dispersed by wind and water.
Psyllidae, the jumping plant lice or psyllids, are a family of small plant-feeding insects that tend to be very host-specific, i.e. each plant-louse species only feeds on one plant species (monophagous) or feeds on a few closely related plants (oligophagous). Together with aphids, phylloxerans, scale insects and whiteflies, they form the group called Sternorrhyncha, which is considered to be the most "primitive" group within the true bugs (Hemiptera). They have traditionally been considered a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the group into a total of seven families; the present restricted definition still includes more than 70 genera in the Psyllidae. Psyllid fossils have been found from the Early Permian before the flowering plants evolved. The explosive diversification of the flowering plants in the Cretaceous was paralleled by a massive diversification of associated insects, and many of the morphological and metabolic characters that the flowering plants exhibit may have evolved as defenses against herbivorous insects.
The blue-tailed damselfly or common bluetail is a damselfly, belonging to the family Coenagrionidae.
Psylla pyri, commonly known as the pear psylla or pear psyllid, is a true bug in the family Psyllidae. Originating in Europe and Asia, it has spread to North America. It is a pest of pear trees, sucking the sap, damaging the foliage, flowers and fruit and diminishing the crop.
Euleia heraclei, known as the celery fly or the hogweed picture-wing fly is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Euleia of the family Tephritidae.
Trichopoda pennipes, common name feather-legged fly, is a fly in the family Tachinidae.
Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a sap-sucking, hemipteran bug in the family Psyllidae. It is one of two confirmed vectors of citrus greening disease. It has a wide distribution in southern Asia and has spread to other citrus growing regions.
The African citrus psyllid is a sap-sucking insect, a hemipteran bug in the family Triozidae. It is an important pest of citrus, being one of only two known vectors of the serious citrus disease, huanglongbing or citrus greening disease. It is widely distributed in Africa. The other vector is the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri.
Lygus pratensis is a species of plant bug belonging to the family Miridae.
Anacridium aegyptium, the Egyptian grasshopper or Egyptian locust, is a species of insect belonging to the subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae.
Aphrophora alni, the European alder spittle bug, is a species belonging to the family Aphrophoridae.
Heterotoma planicornis is a species of bug from Miridae family.
Tamarixia radiata, the Asian citrus cyllid parasitoid, is an hymenopteran wasp from the family Eulophidae which was discovered in the 1920s in the area of northwestern India (Punjab), now Pakistan. It is a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, an economically important pest of citrus crops around the world and a vector for Citrus greening disease.
Anthocoris nemoralis is a true bug in the family Anthocoridae. The species is native to Europe and is introduced in North America. It is a predator of aphids, spider mites and jumping plant lice, and is therefore used as a biological pest control agent.
Typhlodromips swirskii, the Swirski mite, is a species of predatory mite in the family Phytoseiidae. It is used in biological pest control of western flower thrips in greenhouse or indoor grown crops.
Hemichroa crocea, the striped alder sawfly or banded alder sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. It is probably native in Europe and has been introduced to North America. The larvae feed on the foliage of several species of alder and sometimes on birch, hazel and willow.
Psylla buxi, known generally as the boxwood psyllid or box sucker, is a species of plant-parasitic hemipteran in the family Psyllidae. It is native to Europe and introduced to North America.
Rhogogaster viridis, common name green sawfly, is a species of common sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae.
Deraeocoris brevis is a species of predatory plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to North America where it feeds on plant pests in apple and pear orchards.
Spanioneura fonscolombii, is a species of plant-parasitic psyllid in the family Psyllidae which feed on box. It was first described by Arnold Förster in 1848 and is found in Europe. It is also found in the United States of America where it was accidentally introduced.
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