Cambridge Greensand | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Earliest Cenomanian ~ | |
Type | Member |
Unit of | West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation |
Underlies | Chalk Group |
Overlies | Gault Formation |
Thickness | 0.1–1 m (0.33–3.28 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Glauconitic marl |
Other | Phosphorite |
Location | |
Coordinates | 52°12′N0°06′E / 52.2°N 0.1°E |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 41°00′N1°48′E / 41.0°N 1.8°E |
Region | England |
Country | UK |
Extent | North Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire |
Type section | |
Named for | Cambridge |
Location | Arlesey Brickpit |
The Cambridge Greensand is a geological unit in England whose strata are earliest Cenomanian in age. [1] It lies above the erosive contact between the Gault Formation and the Chalk Group in the vicinity of Cambridgeshire, and technically forms the lowest member bed of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation. [2] It is a remanié deposit, containing reworked fossils of late Albian age, including those of dinosaurs and pterosaurs.
The lithology is made out of glauconitic marl, described as a "chalk mud", containing abundant ostracod, coccolith and foram remains, with a concentration of phosphatic nodules and bones at the base. [1] [2]
Birds | |||||
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Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Enaliornis | E. barrette | Braincases, vertebrae, pelvis [and] limb elements [3] | This genus is the oldest known hesperornithine | ||
E sedgwicki | Hindlimb elements [3] | ||||
E. seeleyi | Assorted cranial and postcranial elements |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Ornithischians | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Anoplosaurus | A. curtonotus | "Partial postcranium" [4] | |||
A.major | "Cervical vertebrae." [4] "Vertebrae." [5] | ||||
Acanthopholis | A. eucercus | "[Two] caudal centra." [4] | Nomen dubium | ||
A. platypus | "Phalanx, caudal centra." [4] | Nomen dubium | |||
A. macrocercus | "Osteoderms." [4] "Vertebrae, fragmentary skeleton elements." [5] | Reassigned to Syngonosaurus | |||
A. stereocercus | "Osteoderms." [4] "Vertebrae." [5] | Nomen dubium | |||
Eucercosaurus | E. tanyspondylus | "Vertebrae." [4] | |||
Trachodon | T. cantabrigiensis | "Dentary tooth." [6] | Nomen dubium |
Saurischians | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Macrurosaurus | M. semnus | "Caudal vertebrae" [7] | Titanosauriform sauropod or indeterminate macronarian |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Pterosaurs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Amblydectes | A. crassidens | Jaw fragments | |||
A. eurygnathus | Jaw fragments | Possibly a junior synonym of A. crassidens [8] | |||
Camposipterus | C. colorhinus | Anterior rostra fragments | |||
C. nasutus | Partial rostrum | ||||
C. sedgwickii | Anterior rostrum | ||||
Draigwenia | D. platystomus | Anterior rostrum fragments | Formerly Amblydectes platystomus [8] | ||
Lonchodraco | L. machaerorhynchus | Reassigned to Ikrandraco machaerorhynchus | |||
L. microdon | Junior synonym of L. machaerorhynchus | ||||
Nicorhynchus | N. capito | Jaw fragments | Possibly synonymous with Coloborhynchus [9] | ||
Ornithocheirus | O. simus [10] [11] | ||||
"Ornithocheirus" denticulatus | |||||
"Ornithocheirus" polyodon | |||||
Ornithostoma [12] [13] | O. sedgwicki | Jaw fragments | Azhdarchoid pterosaur [13] |
Ichthyosaurs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Cetarthrosaurus | C. walkeri [14] | ||||
Maiaspondylus | M. cantabrigiensis | ||||
Pervushovisaurus | P. campylodon | ||||
Sisteronia | S. seeleyi |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Lepidosauria | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
Patricosaurus | P. merocratus [15] | Chimeric specimen |
The Oxford Clay is a Jurassic marine sedimentary rock formation underlying much of southeast England, from as far west as Dorset and as far north as Yorkshire. The Oxford Clay Formation dates to the Jurassic, specifically, the Callovian and Oxfordian ages, and comprises two main facies. The lower facies comprises the Peterborough Member, a fossiliferous organic-rich mudstone. This facies and its rocks are commonly known as lower Oxford Clay. The upper facies comprises the middle Oxford Clay, the Stewartby Member, and the upper Oxford Clay, the Weymouth Member. The upper facies is a fossil poor assemblage of calcareous mudstones.
Ornithocheirus is a pterosaur genus known from fragmentary fossil remains uncovered from sediments in the United Kingdom and possibly Morocco.
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Tropeognathus is a genus of large pterosaurs from the late Early Cretaceous of South America. This genus is considered to be a member of the family Anhangueridae, however, several studies have also recovered it within another family called Ornithocheiridae. Both of these families are diverse groups of pterosaurs known for their keel-tipped snouts and large size. Tropeognathus is regarded as the largest pterosaur found in the Southern Hemisphere, only rivaled by the huge azhdarchids. The type and only species is Tropeognathus mesembrinus. Fossil remains of Tropeognathus have been recovered from the Romualdo Formation, which is a Lagerstätte located in the Santana Group of the Araripe Basin in northeastern Brazil.
The Wealden Group, occasionally also referred to as the Wealden Supergroup, is a group in the lithostratigraphy of southern England. The Wealden group consists of paralic to continental (freshwater) facies sedimentary rocks of Berriasian to Aptian age and thus forms part of the English Lower Cretaceous. It is composed of alternating sands and clays. The sandy units were deposited in a flood plain of braided rivers, the clays mostly in a lagoonal coastal plain.
Ornithostoma is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous period of Europe, around 110 million years ago. Ornithostoma was once thought to have been a senior synonym of the pteranodontid Pteranodon due to its toothless anatomy and prior naming.
Coloborhynchus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur belonging to the family Anhangueridae, though it has also been recovered as a member of the Ornithocheiridae in some studies. Coloborhynchus is known from the Lower Cretaceous of England, and depending on which species are included, possibly the Albian and Cenomanian ages as well. Coloborhynchus was once thought to be the largest known toothed pterosaur, however, a specimen of the closely related Tropeognathus is now thought to have had a larger wingspan.
Lonchodectes was a genus of lonchodectid pterosaur from several formations dating to the Turonian of England, mostly in the area around Kent. The species belonging to it had been assigned to Ornithocheirus until David Unwin's work of the 1990s and 2000s. Several potential species are known; most are based on scrappy remains, and have gone through several other generic assignments. The genus is part of the complex taxonomy issues surrounding Early Cretaceous pterosaurs from Brazil and England, such as Amblydectes, Anhanguera, Coloborhynchus, and Ornithocheirus.
Lonchodectidae or Lonchodraconidae is a group of pterosaurs within the clade Pterodactyloidea. It has variously been considered to be within Ctenochasmatoidea, Azhdarchoidea and Pteranodontoidea. They are notable for their high, conical tooth sockets and raised alveolar margins.
Ornithocheiridae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. These pterosaurs were among the last to possess teeth. Members that belong to this group lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous periods, around 140 to 90 million years ago.
The Wessex Formation is a fossil-rich English geological formation that dates from the Berriasian to Barremian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It forms part of the Wealden Group and underlies the younger Vectis Formation and overlies the Durlston Formation. The dominant lithology of this unit is mudstone with some interbedded sandstones. It is part of the strata of the Wessex Basin, exposed in both the Isle of Purbeck and the Isle of Wight. While the Purbeck sections are largely barren of vertebrate remains, the Isle of Wight sections are well known for producing the richest and most diverse fauna in Early Cretaceous Europe.
The Kem Kem Group is a geological group in the Kem Kem region of eastern Morocco, whose strata date back to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Its strata are subdivided into two geological formations, with the lower Ifezouane Formation and the upper Aoufous Formation used for the strata on the eastern side of the Atlas Mountains (Tinghir), with the Gara Sbaa Formation and Douira Formation used in the southern Tafilalt region. It is exposed on an escarpment along the Algeria–Morocco border.
Pteranodontoidea is an extinct clade of ornithocheiroid pterosaurs from the Early to Late Cretaceous of Asia, Africa, Europe, North America and South America. It was named by Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner in 1996. In 2003, Kellner defined the clade as a node-based taxon consisting of the last common ancestor of Anhanguera, Pteranodon and all its descendants. The clade Ornithocheiroidea is sometimes considered to be the senior synonym of Pteranodontoidea, however it depends on its definition. Brian Andres in his analyses, converts Ornithocheiroidea using the definition of Kellner (2003) to avoid this synonymy.
Lonchodraco is a genus of lonchodraconid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southern England. The genus includes species that were previously assigned to other genera.
Camposipterus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England. Fossil remains of Camposipterus dated back to the Early Cretaceous, about 112 million years ago.
Ikrandraco is a genus of lonchodraconid pterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of northeastern China, and the Cambridge Greensand of England. It is notable for its unusual skull, which features a crest on the lower jaw.
Ornithocheiromorpha is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. Fossil remains of this group date back from the Early to Late Cretaceous periods, around 140 to 92.5 million years ago. Ornithocheiromorphs were discovered worldwide except Antarctica, though most genera were recovered in Europe, Asia and South America. They were the most diverse and successful pterosaurs during the Early Cretaceous, but throughout the Late Cretaceous they were replaced by pteranodontians and azhdarchoids. The Ornithocheiromorpha was defined in 2014 by Andres and colleagues, and they made Ornithocheiromorpha the most inclusive clade containing Ornithocheirus, but not Pteranodon.
Nicorhynchus is a genus of anhanguerid pterosaur from the Cretaceous period. It contains two species, the type species, N. capito, from the Cambridge Greensand of England, and N. fluviferox from the Kem Kem Group of Morocco. These species were previously assigned to Coloborhynchus.